• Title/Summary/Keyword: cereal crop

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A New Malting Barley Variety, 'Baegho' with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Powdery Mildew (보리호위축병과 흰가루병 저항성 맥주보리 신품종 '백호')

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Hyun, Jong-Nae;Park, Jong-Chul;Kim, Yang-Kil;Lee, Mi-Ja;Kim, Dae-Ho;Kang, Sung-Ju;Kim, Sung-Taeg
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.538-542
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    • 2011
  • A new malting barley variety, 'Baegho', was developed from a cross between Azuma Golden and Nishinochikara in 1998. An elite line, YMB2139-2B-1-10-2, was selected in 2005 and designated as Milyang137. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2006 to 2008 and was released with the name of 'Baegho' having high yielding and BaYMV and powdery mildew resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of 'Baegho' were April 21 and May 28, which were 3 and 2 day later than those of Hopum, check variety, at the RYT, respectively. 'Baegho' has shoter culm length (78 cm), more spikes ($1,062per\;m^2$) and heavier 1,000 grain weight (40.7 g) than those of Hopum, respectively. 'Baegho' is resistant to domestic BaYMV strains I, III and IV and powdery mildew at Iksan. In growth habit, 'Baegho' is close to type (IV) that is distinguished from other Korean malting barley cultivars, which could tolerant to premature heading damage that is major concern for the practice of the malting barley cropping. The yield potential of 'Baegho' in the RYT was about 5.57 MT/ha, which is about 13% higher than those of Hopum. This variety has good malting quality in grain and malting analysis showed better 1,000 grain weight, husk rate, diastatic power than those of Hopum. 'Baegho' applied for protection of new varieties of plant in 2009.

Malting and Brewing Quality of Colored Barley (유색보리의 제맥 및 양조 특성)

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Park, Jong-Chul;Hyun, Jong-Nae;Kim, Jung-Tae;Kim, Sun-Lim;Lee, Choon-Ki;Kwon, Young-Up
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of colored barley in malting and brewing properties and the possibility of utilizing pigments in colored barley as functional components in malting and brewing products. Purple and blue barley grains contained anthocyanins. However, about 80% and 20% of anthocyanins in the purple and blue barley grains, respectively, were lost during the steeping process. In malts, only 0.4~4.2% and 58.3% of anthocyanin in purple and blue barley grains, respectively, were remained. Wort color value was not affected by lemma color of black barley. In wort made from black barley, the color value was higher as its soluble nitrogen content higher. Anthocyanins were not found in wort and beer brewed from malts of purple and blue barley. The color value (EBC unit) was higher in wort and beer made from malts of purple and blue barley than those made from malt of the control variety, Hopum.

Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Cereal Grains (화곡류 종실의 토코페롤과 토코트리에놀 연구현황과 전망)

  • 이동진;이지영
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.48
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2003
  • Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms, which are $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ tocopherol, and $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ tocotrienol. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are important antioxidant in foods, feeds and their raw materials, where they scavenge lipid radicals. Each form has its own biological activity, the measure of potency or functional use in the body. Antioxidants such as vitamin E act to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Free radicals can cause cell dam-age that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer, The content of tocopherols and tocotrienols vary depending on the environmental condition such as growing regions, temperature, crops and varieties. This report deals with chemical and physical properties and extends to their nutritional and health effect on the tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereal grains.

Effect of Feed Value and Fermentative Quality According to Harvesting Time of Barley and Wheat Grain Silage (수확시기에 따른 맥류 곡실발효사료의 사료가치 및 발효품질)

  • Song, Tae-Hwa;Oh, Young-Jin;Kang, Hyeon-Jong;Park, Tae-Il;Cheong, Young-Keun;Kim, Yang Kil;Kim, Bo-Kyeong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.60 no.2
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    • pp.174-179
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    • 2015
  • This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal harvesting time for barley and wheat grain for the production of fermented grain feeds, and to investigate their fermentation quality according to harvesting time. As a result, grain moisture content was decreased with late harvest, whereas spike weight ratio and 1000 grain weight were increased with prolonged period after heading. Grain yielding was increased with late harvesting time significantly at p<0.05. Crude protein content was increased with late harvesting time, but crude fiber content was decreased. Crude fat and ash content were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. Comparing the effects of fermentation on feed value of winter cereal grain, the approximate compositions were slightly increased after fermentation, but the difference was not significant. Fermentations resulted in increasing the pH value of winter cereal grain silage with late harvesting time, but decreasing the lactic acid content (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in acetic acid, and butyric acid was not detected. Considering the quantity and quality of fermentation, barley and wheat can be used for winter cereal grain silage when they were harvested at 35 days and 40-45 days after heading, respectively.

Physicochemical Properties of β-Glucan from Acid Hydrolyzed Barley

  • Lee, Sang Hoon;Jang, Gwi Yeong;Hwang, In Guk;Kim, Hyun Young;Woo, Koan Sik;Kim, Kee Jong;Lee, Mi Ja;Kim, Tae Jip;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.110-118
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    • 2015
  • This study was performed to investigate changes in the content and purity, as well as physical characteristics of ${\beta}$-glucan extracted from acid hydrolyzed whole grain barleys. Waxy and non-waxy barleys (Hordeum vulgare) were hydrolyzed with different concentrations of HCl (0.1~0.5 N) for 1 h. As the HCl concentration increased, the contents of total and soluble ${\beta}$-glucan from acid hydrolyzed barley decreased. However the ratio of soluble/total ${\beta}$-glucan content and purities of ${\beta}$-glucan significantly increased. The ratio of ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}4)/{\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$ linkages, molecular weight, and viscosity of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan of raw barleys were 2.28~2.52, $6.0{\sim}7.0{\times}10^5g/mol$, and 12.8~32.8 centipoise (cP). Those of isolated soluble ${\beta}$-glucan were significantly decreased to 2.05~2.15, $6.6{\sim}7.8{\times}10^3g/mol$, and 3.6~4.2 cP, respectively, with increasing acid concentration. The re-solubility of raw barley ${\beta}$-glucan was about 50%, but increased to 97% with increasing acid concentration. Acid hydrolysis was shown to be an effective method to produce ${\beta}$-glucan with high ratio of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan content, purity, water solubility, and low viscosity.

A New Early-Heading and High-Yielding Winter Oat Cultivar for Whole Crop Forage, 'Okhan' (조숙 다수성 추파 총체사료용 귀리 신품종 '옥한')

  • Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Tae-Il;Park, Hyung-Ho;Song, Tae-Hwa;Kim, Kee-Jong;Park, Nam-Geon;Ju, Jung-Il;Jang, Young-Jik;Hwang, Jong-Jin;Kwon, Young-Up
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2013
  • 'Okhan' (Avena sativa L.), an oat cultivar for winter use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. It was derived from an original cross between 'Early80', exhibiting early heading, and 'Maine PI-590' (CI 7518), exhibiting large-size grain, in 1995. Subsequent generations as well as cross-bred cultivars were handled in bulk, and pedigree selection programs took place at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A promising line, 'SO95027-B-45-16-10-6-2-Y7-10', was selected in 2004, and was designated 'Gwiri74' after being selected from a yield trial for three years from 2005 to 2008. The breeding line 'Gwiri74' was subsequently evaluated for earliness of heading and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011, and was finally named as 'Okhan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Okhan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan', and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 15.0 ton $ha^{-1}$, compared with 14.1 ton $ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Okhan' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (9.2% and 9.9%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (58.5%, and 59.3%, respectively), while the TDN yield per ha was more than the check (8.70 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Okhan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-7^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

Characteristics of Nutrient Uptake and Stubble Regrowth of Grain Sorghum in Plastic Film House (비닐하우스 재배 수수의 그루터기 재생 및 양분흡수 특성)

  • Yun, Eul-Soo;Jung, Ki-Yeul;Park, Chang-Yeong;Hwang, Jae-Bog;Choi, Young-Dae;Jeon, Seung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.992-997
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to get the basic information for absorb enhancement of accumulated soil nutrients in plastic film house. The grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was sowing in plastic film house which soil nutrient accumulated moderately and was cutting at major growth period of sorghum. We were analyzed the regrowth pattern, biomass due to cutting time and amount of plant nutrient of grain sorghum. The obtained results were as follows. The heading date after cutting of sorghum in plastic film house was came to about 35 days. The accumulated of plant height were the longest as 379.4 cm in cutting at milk stage. The total biomass of sorghum in cutting at heading stage was 1.73 ton $10a^{-1}$ in cutting at heading stage. The high grain yields were produced with non-cutting and cutting at 10 leaves stage as 75~113 kg $10a^{-1}$ but the lowest grain yields were the cutting plots at booting stage as below 24 kg $10a^{-1}$. The content of nutrient in sorghum plant was low as progress of growth. The concentrations in aboveground sorghum due to plant parts was in order to leaves > panicle > stalk. The nitrogen content of sorghum was 0.6~0.7% in stalk, 1.5~1.6% in panicle and 1.8~2.3% in leaves. The amount of nutrient absorbed in sorghum was 4.2 kg $10a^{-1}$ in nitrogen, 1.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ phosphorus and 7.7 kg $10a^{-1}$ in potassium and the absorbing different by cutting time in order to booting > non-cutting > panicle formation ${\geq}$ milk ripe > 10 leaves stage.

Chemical Components Changes of Winter Cereal Crops with Germination (발아에 따른 몇 가지 맥류의 화학성분 변화)

  • Kim, Hyun-Young;Hwang, In-Guk;Woo, Koan-Sik;Kim, Kyoung-Ho;Kim, Kee-Jong;Lee, Choon-Ki;Lee, Jun-Soo;Jeong, Heon-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.11
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    • pp.1700-1704
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    • 2010
  • This study was investigated the changes of chemical components in winter cereal crops before and after germination for development of functional foods. The contents of general composition (crude protein, lipid, and ash), phytic acid, free sugar, mineral, and fatty acid were analyzed. Crude ash content was slightly decreased after germination but protein contents was slightly increased in oats after germination. Phytic acid content showed the highest increase from 1.09 to 1.56 mg/g in oats after germination. Glucose contents of rye and wheat increased 6 and 3.5 folds after germination, respectively. Also, maltose contents of oat and wheat increased 7.4 and 5.5 folds, respectively. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. After germination, palmitic acid and linoleic acid decreased while oleic acid increased in oats and barley. Further studies are needed to investigate the functional components and biological properties of winter cereal crops after germination.

Influence of Aggregation Pheromone of Riptortus clavatus (Heteroptera: Alydidae) on the Occurrence of Egg Parasitoid, Gryon japonicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (톱다리개미허리노린재의 집합페로몬이 노린재검정알벌의 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Paik, Chae-Hoon;Kang, Seok-Min;Jeon, Yong-Kyun;Lee, Geon-Hwi;Choi, Man-Young;Oh, Young-Jin;Park, Chung-Gyoo;Hwang, Chang-Yeon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2009
  • The kairomonal activity of the aggregation pheromones of Riptortus clavatus for the egg parasitoid, Gryon japonicum, were investigated in soybean field. The parasitism rate of G. japonicum gradually decreased when the distances between pheromone traps and egg sites were increased from 0 to 15 m. The active distance of pheromone source for parasitoid attraction was estimated to be ca. 15 m. Under field conditions, the parasitoid wasp population peaked during the late August and early September, and the parasitism rate increased when the number of pheromone traps was increased from one to three per $165\;m^2$. However, insecticide-treated plots, the level of parasitism recorded is relatively low. Sex ratios in field populations of G. japonicum were female-biased.