• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1998

This study was to determine whether iontophoresis application of centipede venom would produce analgesic effect for clinical practice. Sixty patients suffered from musculoskeletal diseases who lived in Taejon city were analyzed by double-blind central study. After pre treatment, post treatment, post 20 minutes, post 40 minutes iontophoresis using centipede venom, we assessed the response to pin-prick sensation with Endomed 582 in myalgia patients. The results were as follows, control group showed pain threshold of 1.76, 2.03, 2.01, 2.02mA after treatment, but the pain threshold of 1.76, 2.21, 3.85, 3.87mA after iontophoresis application in study group. The pain threshold of Notermans pain score after 20-minute and 40-minute centipede venom iontophoresis group using centipede venom was higher than that after non-centipede venom iontophoresis group. The results showed that by the increasing the analgesic effect in the centipede venom iontophoresis group, especially in time of post 20 minutes after iontophoresis treatment. So we considered that the iontophoresis using centipede venom could be reduced pain of myalgia in musuloskeletal disease patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.203-217
• /
• 2015

Scolpendra subspinipes (centipede) is pungent in flavor, activates the channels to stop pain, and, removes toxins and resolves masses. So it has been used as a folk remedy. We researched folk remedies which used centipede as a single medicine and results of its prior clinical and experimental study, and figured out that centipedes are effective on ulcerative disease, herpes zoster, clavus, insect bite, inflammatory disease, furunculus, pain disease by external therapy, and oral administration is effective on anti-cancer such as hepatoma and uterine cancer, cerebrovascular disease, inhibition of atherosclerosis, sedation of central nervous system, antipyretic action, and anti-inflammation, and centipede Herb-Acupuncture is effective on inflammatory disease and pain disease. Centipede preparation materials for external therapy were sesame oil, perilla oil, vinegar, salt, and, burnt alum. Fumigation of centipede treated paronychia, pertussis, and hemorrhoids. For the external therapy, the way of centipede powder mixing with other materials has been used. It is needed that we use dusted powder to make skin absorb its ingredients more easily, and we study intensely minor ingredients to make centipede components absorbed more effectively and do pharmacological action. Also, fumigation, a kind of another external therapy, is considered to be effective treatment of upper respiratory infection like pertussis, so it needs an in-depth study on centipede fumigation.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2012

Mobility is one of the most important issues for search and rescue robots. To increase mobility for small size robot we have focused on the mechanism and algorithm inspired from centipede. In spite of small size, using many legs and flexible long body, centipede can overcome high obstacles and move in rough terrains stably. This research focused on those points and imitated their legs and body that are good for obstacle negotiation. Based on similarity of a centipede's legs and tracks, serially connected tracks are used for climbing obstacles higher than the robot's height. And a centipede perceives environments using antennae on its head instead of eyes. Inspired from that, 3 IR sensors are attached on the front, top and bottom of the first module to imitate the antenna. Using the information gotten from the sensors, the robot decides next behavior automatically. In experiments, the robot can climb up to 45 cm height vertical wall and it is 600 % of the robot's height and 58 % of the robot's length.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2005

An antimicrobial molecule was purified from centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, by reverse phase-HPLC. Its molecular weight was determined to be 1208.5493 by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Total amino acid composition analysis revealed that it consists of E, G, P, V, L, F, and W. It exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum against not only Gram-negative, but also Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, it was found to have an antimicrobial activity against vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). It may be a useful molecule for a new antibiotic development, especially against drug-resistant bacteria. We suggest that it may playa role in the defense system of this animal. This is the first report of a peptidic antimicrobial substance from centipede.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2015

In a previous report, we identified several candidate antimicrobial peptides through de novo RNA sequencing of the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Here, we identify and characterize one of these peptides, Scolopendrasin I. We identified the centipede antimicrobial peptide Cecropin from the centipede transcriptome using an SVM algorithm, and subsequently analyzed the amino acid sequence for predicted secondary structure using a GOR algorithm. We identified an alpha helical region of Cecropin and named it Scolopendrasin I. We then assessed antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of Scolopendrasin I. Scolopendrasin I showed antimicrobial activity against various microbes, including antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in a radial diffusion assay. Scolopendrasin I had potent antibacterial activity against acne-associated microbes in a colony count assay and showed no hemolytic activity in a hemolysis assay. In addition, we confirmed that Scolopendrasin I bound to the surface of bacteria via a specific interaction with lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide, two components of bacterial cell membranes. In conclusion, the results presented here provide evidence that this is an efficient strategy for antimicrobial peptide candidate identification and that Scolopendrasin I has potential for successful antibiotic development.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.328-332
• /
• 1998

The 8-hydroxyisocoumarin, named Centipedin, which has a significant antibiotic activity, was separated and solubilized with organic solvents, such as diethyl ether from centipede Scolopendra subspinipes multilans L. Koch. The Centipedin was purified by silicic acid column and high S cation exchange chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC. It was confirmed that Centipedin has a potent antibiotic effectiveness against Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 8308. The results showed that Centipedin blocks both DNA replication and RNA transcription during the growth of this pathogen in vivo. The biosynthesis of antibiotic 8-hydroxyisocoumarin was studied in vivo by feeding $[^{14}C]-labelled$ compound as a precursor to live centipede, in which $[^{14}C]acetate$ was the most efficiently incorporated into the Centipedin within 30 h after injection. Also, in vitro study on the biosynthesis of Centipedin showed that efficient incorporation of $[^{14}C]acetate$ occurred at pH range 5.0-7.0 for 10 h incubation and decreased significantly after then. It is suggested that 8-hydroxyisocoumarin is one of the defense compounds acting on bacterial infection in Scolopendra subspinipes.

• Entomological Research
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.559-566
• /
• 2018

In Korea, the centipede called "Wang-ji-ne" or "O-gong" is used as an important medicinal resource. This centipede has been known as Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Koch 1878. Recent studies have assessed its taxonomic treatment in several geographical populations from China, Japan and Taiwan, but not Korea. We therefore attempted to assess exact species status for the Korean population of this subspecies using both morphological and DNA barcode methods. The result inferred from DNA barcoding showed that the Korean population is S. mutilans explicitly separated from S. subspinipes. Within S. mutilans, the Korean population is morphologically identical and genetically closer to the Chinese population rather than island populations of Japan and Taiwan. Particularly, the mainland populations from Korea and China share six haplotypes from 17 despite being far apart geographically.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2002

Thirty six patients, female 21(58.4%), male 15(58.4%), with centipede bite visited emergency room of Gimcheon Medical Center, from September 1998 to August 1999. The number of patients accompanying the seasons were increased once in June and were high in August and September; peaked in September, which conforms to the habitude that centipede likes the warmer climate. Frequency accompanying the time was high after sunset(from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. next morning) than before sunset, which conforms to the habitude that centipede is nocturnal. Distribution of the bite sites was finger(30%), neck(28%), foot(25%) and hand(14%) as same as the previous researches showed. In case of finger and hand, patients got bitten while they were wearing gloves or doing works; foot, wearing shoes. They got bitten the neck while sleeping. Among the localized symptoms were localized pain: 36 patients(100%), swelling: 36 patients(100%), erythema: 26 patients(72.2%), paresthesia: 5 patients (13.9%). Systemic symptoms were dizziness 2 patients(5.6%) and nausea 1 patient(2.8%). Mostly the localized pain was improved within 48 hours, swelling in 48 hours and within 72 hours in case of paresthesia. Systemic symptoms such as dizziness and nausea were improved within 24 hours. Treatment and prognosis of scolopendra have similarity in many countries. We suggest that Korean standard treatment manual is needed so that the localized symptom, systemic symptom and external wound can be cured soon.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.08a
• /
• pp.129.1-129
• /
• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2017

Given that nowadays things get very fast due to the pervasive use of the Internet and mobile devices, decision-making time can be an important variable in the online economic decisions. Although in experimental and behavioral economics, measures like scores or earnings are usually preferred, this study argues that the time variable can be dealt with as a new decision outcome. Thus, by selecting some psychological factors presumably impactful in the online context (i.e., incidental emotions, psychological distances, and individual's impulsivity), this study tested their effect on decision time in the online centipede game. As a result, the mean decision time in the game was longer (1) in the happiness condition than in the anger condition and (2) in the friend condition than in the stranger condition. The people with attention difficulties spent a short time in the decision and the people who dislike complex problems spent a short time in explaining their decision. This study can contribute to the field as it used the decision time as the dependent variable and it tested the effect of psychological factors in the context of online decision-making. Future studies can be conducted in other online decision situations or by considering other psychological variables.