• 에너지공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2018

The cement industry is one of the rapidly growing industry in Ethiopia. The average per capita cement consumption of the country has increased from 39kg to 62kg. However, this is still way below than the global average per capita consumption of 500kg. The Ethiopian government is planning to expand its cement industry by upgrading the current cement plants and also opening of new cement plants in order to meet the future demand of the country. Currently, the number of cement plants in Ethiopia has reached to 20. By the year 2025, per capita cement consumption is expected to increase to 179kg. Recently, Ethiopia has become one of Africa's largest market for the cement industry. In addition, Ethiopia has become the major exporter of cement in the Sub-Saharan African region. The Ethiopian cement industry is highly dependent on the use of imported energy sources for its production. This situation has a significant amount of impact on the high production costs of the industry. This paper will try to review the history, production, available resources, the technologies and energy use of the Ethiopian cement industry.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
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• 1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1973

It is generally characterised that the International Cement Industry Seminar sponsored by Rock Products us more pratical and technical information(data) on the cement processing and operation than other seminar or symposium. Especially at the 8th Internat

• 에너지공학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2020

In this paper, we reported that the global trend of cement production and utilization as raw materials and as a fuel. As we know, cement is one of the significant materials required for the construction industry. The recent trend of rising urbanization, both the cement and construction industry played a vital role. The cement industry is a major sustainable infrastructure for the countries. Currently, China producing cement half of the world's cement production. During the year 2018, Korea producing cements nearly 57.5 million metric tons. Waste materials are used as circular resources and also having tremendous benefits for cement production. Another important use of these circular resources is fuel for the cement industry. There is a large potential benefit of the cement industry, but it's creating a severe environmental threat. The cement industry contributes to the major emissions of CO2. This leads the global warming. As per the Paris agreement, the Korean government initiated the recycling policy of waste materials and also the utilization of circular resources for the prevention of limited natural resources and also the global warming effect.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
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• 1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1973

The first cement plant was erected in 1919 at nearby Pyongyang city, and afterthen 6 plants were constructed until 1942, but unfortunately only one plant with one rotary kiln which has yearly 150,000 tons capacity is located in east coast of South Korea a

• 세라미스트
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.198-214
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• 2019

The possibility of economic exchange with North Korea is increasing, but there is still a shortage of information of cement industry, which occupies the largest proportion of North Korean construction material industry. Therefore, this study researched the status of cement production facility management using satellite photographs of 16 cement factories in North Korea, and examined the operating status of North Korean cement industry by observing smoke discharged from the chimneys of the cement production facilities. When the satellite photographs were analyzed, it was observed that the monthly stack fog ratio of the North Korean cement factories was 55% in 2016, 60% in 2017 and nearly 65% in 2018. This demonstrates that the average operating ratio has been increasing continuously. However, the operation rate of the five major cement factories reaches the limit, actual cement production is estimated to have maintained the previous level or small increased.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
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• 2호
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• pp.14-37
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• 1975

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2014

Kenaf fibers have excellent properties and possess the potential to be outstanding reinforcing fillers in cement. The grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) to the kenaf fibers is important in improving the compatibility between the fibers and the cement. PEGMA was grafted onto kenaf fibers using gamma-ray radiation. The radiation dose ranged from 20 to 60 kGy, and the dose rate was $10kGy\;h^{-1}$. The degree of grafting increased with increased radiation doses. FT-IR analysis revealed an increase in PEGMA content after gamma-ray radiation induced grafting, further evincing the attachment of PEGMA to the kenaf fibers. The mechanical properties of the gamma-ray grafted kenaf fiber/cement composites were superior to those of the ungrafted kenaf fiber/cement specimens.

• 청정기술
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 시멘트 산업에서 이용 가능한 무기질 산업폐기물의 발생현황 및 물성을 조사하여 시멘트원료, mineralizer/flux, 시멘트 혼합재, 특수시멘트 제조원료 등 용도별 재활용 방안을 결정하고 적용실험을 하였다. 산업폐기물의 시멘트 원료로의 이용에 있어, 철질원료 대체용으로는 Cu-slag, Zn-slag, 전기로 슬래그 및 전로 슬래그 등이, 규석질 원료의 대체용으로 폐주물사가 사용되었다. 제당회사에서 발생되는 $CaF_2$가 주성분인 폐소석회와 아연제련 공정에서 부산되는 폐기물인 jarosite를 mineralizer/flux로 사용하여 클린커의 소성온도를 약 $100{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ 낮출 수 있었다. 혼합재료의 이용에 있어, Cu-slag와 STS sludge를 혼합 첨가한 경우 시멘트 혼합재로서의 충분한 물성을 얻을 수 있었고, fly ash 및 석회석도 시멘트의 혼합재로 적당량 첨가함으로서 시멘트의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 특수 시멘트의 원료로의 이용에 있어서는, 알루미늄 폐슬러지를 원료로 속경성 클린커를 제조하고 이를 이용하여 2시간내에 $300kg/cm^2$강도를 발현하는 초속경 시멘트를 제조하였고, 두 종류의 도시쓰레기 소각회를 원료로 이용하여 $C_3S(3CaO{\cdot}SiO_2)$와 $C_{11}A_7{\cdot}CaCl_2(11CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3{\cdot}CaCl_2)$가 주요 광물인 시멘트를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
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• 1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1973

Cement industry in Korea, has made a remarkable progress in recent years and now annual production capacity is about 9,000,000 tons. However, this large amount of cement is only one kind of general portland cement type I, and it is urgent problem for ceme

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 대표적인 건설재료인 시멘트를 대상으로 남북한의 시멘트 기준과 성능을 비교 분석하여 북한 시멘트 산업 및 기술 현황을 평가하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 문헌조사와 실험을 병행하였다. 문헌적 연구에서 북한의 시멘트 산업현황과 성능기준에 관한 자료를 통일부의 북한자료센터와 특수자료 취급기관 등을 통해서 수집하여 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 남북한 시멘트의 설비, 분류, 품질기준을 비교하였다. 실험적 연구에서 북한의 시멘트 품질에 관한 조사는 실제 북한의 시멘트를 중국을 통하여 소량 입수하여 물리화학 분석실험을 병행하였고 국내 시멘트와 비교분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 북한 시멘트는 한국 시멘트 보다 품질이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 북한 시멘트는 한국 시멘트 보다 C₃S가 낮고 C₂S가 높았으며, 특히 잔사 함량이 월등히 높게 나타났다. 또한 북한 시멘트는 한국의 시멘트보다 약 50% 정도의 압축강도 발현을 하지 못하였다. 이는 북한 시멘트 설비의 낙후 및 전력 문제로 인하여 충분한 온도로 클링커가 소성되지 않았기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.