• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.183-184
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• 2023

Considering the actual marine environment construction, this paper monitors the mechanical properties (Flexural, Compressive strength) by exposing alumina cement to seawater. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the strength decreases by about -25% when curing in seawater, but the target strength of the product is met, so it is believed that exposure to the actual marine environment will not be significantly affected.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.414-423
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• 2006

Many construction projects adopt grouting technology to prevent the leakage of groundwater or to improve the shear strength of the ground. Recognition as a feasible field procedure dates back to 1925, Since then, developments and field use have increased rapidly. According to improvement of grout materials, theoretical study on grout penetration characteristics is demanded. Fluid of grout always tends to flow from higher hydraulic potential to lower and the motion of grout is also a function of formation permeability. Viscosity of grout is changed by chemical action while grout moves through pores. Due to the increment of viscosity, permeability is decreased. Permeability is also reduced by grout particle deposits to the soil aggregates. In this thesis, characteristics of new cement grout material that is developed recently is studied: injectable volume of new grout material is tested in two different sizes of sands, and the method to calculate injectable volume of grout is suggested with consideration of change in viscosity and clogging phenomena. The calculated values are compared with injection test results. Viscosity of new grout material is found to be an exponential function of time. And lumped parameter $\theta$ of new grout material to be used for assessing deposition characteristics is estimated by comparing deposit theory with injection test results considering different soil types and different injection pressure.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

차수 및 지반보강용 주입재의 주류를 이루고 있는 보통포틀랜드시멘트와 규산나트륨(3호)는 겔화 반응 후에 규산나트륨(3호)에 포함 되어있는 산화나트륨이 시멘트수화 경화물과 반응하지 않은 미반응 규산과 함께 수중에 용탈되며, 내구성이 결여되는 주입재로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시멘트 수화 지연제가 규산나트륨-시멘트 겔의 일축압축강도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 전자현미경촬영, X-선회절분석, 핵자기공명스펙트럼, 일축압축강도시험 등을 실시하였다. 시멘트 수화지연제인 소디움트리포리포스페이트가 포함된 규산나트륨(3호)-시멘트 그라우트의 초기강도가 고강도임을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.533-544
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• 2008

To obtain the physical properties of grout materials, that is the thermal conductivity and viscosity, which are used for backfilling ground heat exchangers, nine bentonite grouts and cement grouts being adapted in the United State have been considered in this study. The bentonite grouts show that the thermal conductivity and viscosity increase with the content of bentonite or filler (silica sand). The saturated cement grouts appear to possess much higher thermal conductivity than the saturated bentonite grouts, and the reduction of thermal conductivity in the cement grouts after drying specimens is less than the case of the bentonite grouts. To investigate the performance of cement grouts, fifteen samples were prepared by varying the water/cement ratio and the amount of sand and bentonite added into the cement mortar. Maintaining the moisture content of grouts is a crucial factor in enhancing the efficiency of ground heat exchangers.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.267-278
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• 2010

To improve the grout penetration characteristics, vibration method was adopted in this study. The grout material perturbed by cyclic vibration is injected into the ground. By applying the vibrating flow system, cement particles will become less adhesive and the clogging tendency will be decreased. A series of pilot-scale chamber tests were performed to verify the enhancement of the groutability by applying the vibratory grout injection; assessment on change of the lumped parameter $\theta$ which represents a barometer of clogging phenomenon was made. Moreover, the effect of vibratory grout injection through the joint was also investigated using artificially made rock joints. Experimental results as well as analytical results show that the grout penetration depth can be substantially improved by vibration grouting. Moreover, it was found that enhancement of the permeation grouting due to vibratory injection is more dominant at low grouting pressure of less than 400kPa.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.721-728
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• 2000

The shear behavior of sawtoothed artificial joints grouted with cement milk was investigated in the laboratory under constant normal stress conditions. Tests were conducted on joints with asperities having inclinations of 16.7$^{\circ}$ and 26.6$^{\circ}$, compresive strengths having 15MPa and 47MPa under a given range of normal stresses varying from 0.76 to 1.91 MPa and at a free condition of pitching, rolling and dilatancy. Results show that the effect of asperities on shear strength increase is significant up to asperity height to grout thickness (t/a) ratio of 0.3∼1.0. Increase of cohesion is the main cause of shear strength increase in cement grouted sawtoothed artificial joints.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.529-534
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• 2009

This study had propose that a characteristic of recently developed Silicasol to make a close in this study, grouting material usually used portland cement and a characteristic is compared between Silicasol and sodium silicate in this study, examined strength and environmentally friendly for compare characteristics of sodium silicate and Silicasol through unconfined compressive strength, SEM analysis, Permeability test, Chemical Resistance test, leaching test etc. In the test, I gained that unconfined compressive strength of Silicasol three times promoted than sodium silicate Within 72 hours and I gined through analysis of SEM that Silicasol is more compactivetive than sodium silicate. In the result of test, it was found to be a environmentally friendly material as the toatal amount of eluviated elementary had small quantity.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.800-807
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• 2010

In this study, a series of numerical analyses has been performed in order to evaluate the performance of a full-scale closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger constructed in Wonju. The circulation pipe HDPE, borehole and surrounding ground were modeled using FLUENT, a finite-volume method (FVM) program, for analyzing the heat transfer process of the system. Two user-defined functions (UDFs) accounting for the difference in the temperatures of the circulating inflow and outflow water and the change of the surrounding ground temperature with depth were adopted in the FLUENT model. The thermal properties of materials estimated in laboratory were used in the numerical analyses to compare the thermal efficiency of the cement grout with that of the bentonite grout used in the construction. The results of the simulation provide a verification of the in situ thermal response test data. The numerical model with the ground thermal conductivity of 4W/mK yielded the simulation result closer to the in-situ thermal response test than with the ground thermal conductivity of 3W/mK. From the results of the numerical analyses, the effective thermal conductivities of the cement and bentonite grouts were obtained to be 3.32W/mK and 2.99 W/mK, respectively.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 시멘트계 광물로 제조된 그라우트의 사용에 의해 발생되는 환경문제인 pH의 증가와 중금속오염을 MC계와 킬레이트고분자를 이용하여 평가하고자 하였다. 그라우트 재료로 보통포틀랜드시멘트와 슬래그시멘트를 사용하였고 급결재로 칼슘알루미네이트계 급결성재료의 혼합물을 사용하였으며, 중금속과 pH의 발생을 방지하기 위해 증점제를 사용하였다. 측정결과, 킬레이트고분자를 사용할 경우에 그라우트에 의한 pH의 증가가 최소화되었으며 중금속($Cr^{6+}$)은 용출되지 않았다. 그 이외의 경우에는 pH의 증가와 중금속 용출이 뚜렷이 증가하였다. 또한, 재령에 따른 중금속 발생량은 용출시험 1일에서 전 용출량의 약 97% 이상이 용출되었고 이후는 추가 발생되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과로부터 pH의 증가와 $Cr^{6+}$과 같은 중금속의 용출을 제어하기 위해서 BSC와 킬레이트고분자를 사용하는 것이 아주 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

The accurate prediction of grouting upward diffusion height is crucial for estimating the bearing capacity of tip-grouted piles. Borehole construction during the installation of bored piles induces soil unloading, resulting in both radial stress loss in the surrounding soil and an impact on grouting fluid diffusion. In this study, a modified model is developed for predicting grout diffusion height. This model incorporates the classical rheological equation of power-law cement grout and the cavity reverse expansion model to account for different degrees of unloading. A series of single-pile tip grouting and static load tests are conducted with varying initial grouting pressures. The test results demonstrate a significant effect of vertical grout diffusion on improving pile lateral friction resistance and bearing capacity. Increasing the grouting pressure leads to an increase in the vertical height of the grout. A comparison between the predicted values using the proposed model and the actual measured results reveals a model error ranging from -12.3% to 8.0%. Parametric analysis shows that grout diffusion height increases with an increase in the degree of unloading, with a more pronounced effect observed at higher grouting pressures. Two case studies are presented to verify the applicability of the proposed model. Field measurements of grout diffusion height correspond to unloading ratios of 0.68 and 0.71, respectively, as predicted by the model. Neglecting the unloading effect would result in a conservative estimate.