• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.126-134
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• 2010

Background: $CD8^+$ T cells contribute to the clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and an insufficient $CD8^+$ T cell response may be one of the major factors leading to chronic HBV infection. Since the HBx antigen of HBV can up-regulate cellular expression of several immunomodulatory molecules, we hypothesized that HBx expression in hepatocytes might affect $CD8^+$ T cell activity. Methods: We analyzed the activation and apoptosis of $CD8^+$ T cells co-cultured with primary hepatocytes rendered capable of expressing HBx by recombinant baculovirus infection. Results: Expression of HBx in hepatocytes induced low production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, with no effect on CD8 T cell proliferation. However, transcriptional levels of H-2K, ICAM-1 and PD-1 ligand did not correlate with HBx expression in hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HBx may inhibit $CD8^+$ T cell response by regulation of $interferon-{\gamma}$ production and apoptosis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1994

The research has been carried out to optimize a recombinant S. cerevisine fermentation process for the production of an anticoagulant hirudin. The structural gene coding for hirudin was combined with the GAL10 promoter for controlled expression, the MFal signal sequence for hirudin secretion, and the GAL7 terminator for transcriptional termination. Growth medium composition and environmental conditions were optimized for maximizing cell growth and final hirudin concentration. The optimized conditions included yeast extract 40g/$\ell$, casamino acid 5g/$\ell$, g1ucose 20g/$\ell$, galactose 30g/$\ell$, DO 50% and temperature $30^{\circ}C$. These conditions yielded the specific cell growth rate of $0.13hr^{-1}$, the final cell density of 30g cell/$\ell$ and the final hirudin concentration of 64mg/$\ell$ in the batch fermentation with a 2.5$\ell$ jar fermentor.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2013

Objectives : Cirsium japonicum is a traditional Korean medicine that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as appendicitis, hepatitis, pulmonary abscess and tumor. The aim of study was to elucidate anti-migratory activity of CJP(Cirsium japonicum pharmacopuncture) through regulation of inflammatory mediators in C6 glioma cell. Methods : Nitric oxide(NO) production was determined by using nitrite assay. The cell migration was analyzed by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay. The expression levels of iNOS, and protein kinase C(PKC)-${\alpha}$ were measured by western blotting assay. Results : CJP showed a significant decrease on NO production. Moreover, glioma cell migration was effectively suppressed by CJP. Furthermore, CJP inhibited the expressions of iNOS and PKC-${\alpha}$ in C6 glioma cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that CJP inhibits glioma cell migration and iNOS expression through regulation of PKC-${\alpha}$. Therefore, it is expected that CJP could be an effective agents for blocking malignant progression of glioma.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2004

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of KongJin-dan(KJD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of KJD on $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 and THP-1 cell treated by CT105 and AChE activity, APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated by CT105 were investigated, respectively. Results : 1. KJD suppressed $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in THP-1 and PC-12 cell treated by CT105. 2. KJD suppressed AChE activity and production of APP significantly in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by CT105. Conclusions : This study shows that KJD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2009

Objective: In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of a mixture of wild Panax ginseng and red-mold rice extracts (MPR) on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in the presence and absence of methotrexate (MTX), an anti-cancer drug, was investigated. Methods and Results: In the cell viability, MPR showed a significant cell proliferation and inhibited cell regression by red-mold rice (RMR) alone or MTX alone. MPR induced moderate increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression by LPS decreased after MPR treatment. In addition, MPR slightly induced COX-2 mRNA expression, but it did not affect the expression of COX-2 mRNA by LPS treatment. In RT-PCR analyses, MPR induced IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression, but had no effect on IL-10 and TGF-$\beta$, regardless of MTX treatment. Furthermore, MPR did not interfere with the cytotoxicity of MTX against MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Conclusions: MPR is efficacious in protecting against MTX-induced cell regression as a result of macrophage activation, resulting in induction of cytokine expression, implying that MPR could be considered an adjuvant in MTX-chemotherapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

To determine the effect of immunopotentiating activity of cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, the immune function was analyzed in vitro using mice cells. When stimulated with mitogens, productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were enhanced in spleen cells treated with cellular components, with IL-4 production being the highest in spleen cells treated with cytoplasm fraction. Without mitogen stimulation, the productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were the highest in spleen cells treated with heat-killed whole cell. $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 productions were also high in spleen cells treated with all cellular components. Only heat-killed whole cell showed significant enhancement in natural killer cell activity. In peritoneal exudates cells, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was enhanced significantly by all cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis These results indicate that the cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis are capable of stimulating immune cells to produce cytokines, and that both their cell walls and cytoplasm fraction contribute to these capacities.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2009

Transgenic plant cell cultures for the production of biopharmaceuticals including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins have been regarded as an alternative platform in addition to traditional microbial fermentation and mammalian cell cultures. Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) have several advantages such as safety, cost-effectiveness, scalability and possibility of complex post-translational modifications. Increasing demand for the quantity and diversity of pharmaceutical proteins may accelerate the industrialization of PMP technology. Up to date, there is no plant-made recombinant protein approved by USFDA (Food and Drug Administration) for human therapeutic uses due to the technological bottlenecks of low expression level and slight differences in glycosylation. Regarding expression levels, it is possible to improve the productivity by using stronger promoter and optimizing culture processes. In terms of glycosylation, humanization has been attempted in many ways to reduce immune responses and to enhance the efficacy as well as stability. In this review article, all these respects of transgenic plant cell cultures were summarized. In addition, we also discuss the general characteristics of plant cell suspension cultures related with bioreactor design and operation to achieve high productivity in large scale which could be a key to successful commercialization of PMPs.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2009

Abies nephrolepis(Pinaceae) extracts were tested for determined immune system regulating activity based on antiinflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cell line. The A. nephrolepis extracts increased dose-dependently anti-proliferation of HeLa cell line. The DM fraction of the extracts having anti-proliferatative effects of HeLa cell line was fractionalized four subfractions($D1{\sim}D4$). Inflammation-induced NO production was inhibited by D2 and D4 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. And also, this fractions showed antioxidant activity examined by DPPH radical scavenging effects. These results suggest that the potential use of DM fraction of A. nephrolepis in chemoprevention and regulation overproduction of NO on pathogenic conditions. The mechanism of the inflammatory effects, however, must be evaluated through various parameters in the induction cascade of NO production.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.355-366
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• 2009

In the present study, fuel cell driven ground source heat pump system is applied to a large community building and performance of the heat pump system is computationally analyzed. Conduction heat transfer between brine pipe and ground is analyzed by TEACH code to predict the performance of heat pump system. Predicted COP of the heat pump system and the energy cost were compared with variation of the location of the objective building the water saturation rate of soil and the driven powers of heat pump system. Significant reduction of energy cost can be accomplished by employing the fuel cell driven heat pump system in comparison with the late-night electricity driven system. It is due to the low electricity production cost of fuel cell system and the application of recovered waste heat generated during electricity production process to the heating of large community building.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.327-338
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• 1998

To investigate effect of water extract of PaIMuITang(PMT) on human cancer cell-lines and immunocytes, this research estimated proliferation of A431 cell line, KHOS-NP cell line, mouse thymocytes and mouse splenocytes, Nitric Oxide(NO) from macrophage, apoptosis and subpopulation of the mouse thymocytes. The results were obtained as follows; 1. PMT inhibited the. proliferation of A431 cell line, but it is not significant. 2. PMT inhibited the proliferation of KHOS-NP cell line, but it is not significant. 3. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes, being compared Con A non-treated group. 4. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, being compared LPS treated group. 5. PMT l00g/mQ inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vitro, being compared NPS IFN treated group. 6. PMT inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vivo, being compared LPS|IFN treated group. 7. PMT accelerated the induction of apoptosis of the mouse thymocytes. 8. In subpopulation PMT decreased $T_H$ of the mouse thymocytes, but increased T /dT s of the mouse thymocytes.