• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Fermentative $H_2$ production was studied using microbial consortia isolated from heat-treated ($90{\circ}C$, 20 min) sewage sludge. Important parameters investigated were carbon(C) and nitrogen(N)-sources, C/N ratio, phosphate concentration, pH and temperature during anaerobic cultivation in serum bottles. Starch, ribose, sucrose and glucose were good C-sources for the culture growth and $H_2$ production. Yeast extract was better N-source than $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ or peptone when individually added to the synthetic media, however the combination of above three N-sources exhibited the additional effect for cell growth and $H_2$ evolution. Addition of 100 mM phosphate as a buffering agent prevented the rapid pH drop during the cultivation. The optimum initial pH for the cell growth was at 7.0, whereas $H_2$ production was observed at pH 5.5. Optimum temperature for the cell growth and $H_2$ production was $37{\circ}C$. Initial C/N ratio of 1.22 in the media using glucose and yeast extract as the C- and N-sources, respectively, showed the $H_2$ yield 1.0 mol $H_2$/mol glucose.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the changes of cellular components and the production of Th 1 cytokine in the immune tissue, inbred C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 40 cysts of 76K strain of Toxoplosma gondii. The sequential change of cell differentials and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of splenocytes were analyzed by Diff-Quik stain and RT-PCR. There were no significant proportional changes of cellular components of splenocytes until day 4 postinfection (Pl) as compared to those of day 0, and the relative percentage of macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly (p<0.01) thereafter. The expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA of $CD3^{-}$ cells was observed from day 1 Pl at a low level. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of $CD3^{+}$ cells increased significantly from day 4 Pl (p<0.01) which progressively increased thereafter. These findings provide the relative percentages of granulocytes and macrophages were increased in conjunction with increase of total number of splenocytes after oral infection with T. gondii in the susceptible murine hosts, and lymphocytes were the major cellular components and the important source of $IFN-{\gamma}$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.456-468
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gamisagunja-tang(GS) on the airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), cytokine production and T cell activation during the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Materials and Methods : BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 100 mg of OVA and 1 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate intraperitoneally on days 1 and 7. On day 14, mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA. AHR and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), total inflammatory cell count and the production of cytokines were measured. Results : GS significantly suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue and AHR. GS significantly down regulated the production of IL-4, IL-5 and increases of $INF-{\gamma}$ in BALF. GS reduced the population of eosinophils from lung and spleen in OVA-induced allergic asthma. GS reduced the population of $CD4^{+}$ $CD69^{+}$ $CD25^{-}$ T cells in OVA-induced allergic asthma Conclusion : These results suggest that GS may inhibit the production of IL-4, IL-5 and infiltration of eosinophils and be beneficial oriental medicine for allergic asthma.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.160-170
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• 2008

This paper proposes a mathematical model for converting conveyor assembly line to cellular manufacturing in complex production environments. Complex production environments refer to the situations with multi-products, variant demand, different batch sizes and the worker abilities varying with work stations and products respectively. The model proposed in this paper aims to determine (1) how many cells should be formatted; (2) how many workers should be assigned in each cell; (3) and how many workers should be rested in shortened conveyor line when a conveyor assembly line should be converted, in order to optimize system performances which are defined as the total throughput time and total labor power. We refer the model to a new production system. Such model can be used as an evaluation tool in the cases of (i) when a company wants to change its production system (usually a belt conveyor line) to a new one (including cell manufacturing); (ii) when a company wants to evaluate the performance of its converted system. Simulation experiments based on the data collected from the previous documents are used to estimate the marginal impact that each factor change has had on the estimated performance improvement resulting from the conversion.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2011

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by abnormalities in T cell immunoregulation and hyperreactivity of B cells, leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. We investigated the effect of baicalin on aberrant immunoregulation in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mice received i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane or PBS, and approximately 3 months later, were used as a pristane-induced lupus model or healthy controls. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were randomly divided into three groups: healthy mouse group (healthy control), pristane-primed lupus control group (lupus control), and baicalin (BAC)-treated pristane-primed lupus mouse group (BAC-treated lupus). The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were administrated orally with BAC 50 mg/kg or PBS once in a day for 10 ds. These results demonstrated that levels of serum IL-6, LPS-induced production of IL-6, $PGE_2$ and NO by macrophages, $PGE_2$-stimulated production of IL-6 by macrophages and IFN-${\gamma}$ by thymocytes, and an overexpression of splenic NKT cells and CD69+CD4+ T cells were downregulated in BAC-treated lupus compared to lupus control, while reduced apoptosis of splenic CD4+ T cells were upregulated. Therefore, these findings suggest that BAC may attenuate autoimmunity and disease activity in lupus via downregulation of aberrant activation of T cells and inhibition of overproduction of IL-6 and $PGE_2$ in pristane-induced lupus mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1874-1881
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• 2006

Flocculation of Candida tropicalis HY200 was systemically investigated to elucidate its mechanism, and used for cell cycles in repeated-batch cultivations for the production of xylitol from xylose. Flocculation occurred only after the late exponential phase of growth in the culture media and buffer within the narrow pH range of 3.0-5.0. The flocculation was completely inhibited by treatments of cells with proteases and partially reduced by treatments with carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and by the presence of mannose and glucose. The addition of calcium ions significantly enhanced the flocculation during cultivation, which was completely abolished by the addition of EDTA. The flocculent yeast HY200 provided repeated-batch cultivations employing cell recycles by flocculation over 6 rounds of cultivation for the production of xylitol from xylose, resulting in a relatively high productivity of averaged 4.6 g xylitol/l h over six batches and maximal 6.3 g xylitol/l h in the final sixth batch. Cell recycle by flocculation was fast and convenient, which could be applicable for the industrial scale of xylitol production.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2015

For the hydrogen production, Gas Lab and Gnc make alkaline watrer electrolyzer and found optimized condition of experimental parameters of cell material and operating procedures. For the commercial production, we saved electric power consumption and caloric based efficiency with over 70%. Used cell pressures are 10 bar, 30 bar and consumed electricity is $4,000A/m^2$, 4.19 kW ($T=100^{\circ}C$) at 10 bar. Another data is $2,000A/m^2$, 3.92 kW ($T=95^{\circ}C$) at 30 bar. Applied voltage is 1.75 V ($100^{\circ}C$, 10 bar), 1.64 V ($95^{\circ}C$, 10 bar), 1.81 V ($85^{\circ}C$, 30 bar), 1.76 V ($95^{\circ}C$, 30 bar). As cell temperature increase, applied voltage has been decreased and current has been increased. The concentration of KOH solution is 30 weight %.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

The effects of various elicitors, metabolic inhibitors and growth regulators on the production of diterpenoid anticancer agent taxol were investigated in cell suspension cultures of Taxus brevifolia. Cell cultures of T. brevifolia were treated by 5 kinds of biotic elicitors, 5 kinds of abiotic elicitors, 2 kinds of metabolic inhibitors and 8 kinds of growth regulators at the end of exponential growth phase. Among those treatments, chlorocholine chloride-an inhibitor of plant steroid metabolism-increased the taxol production most significantly. From a series of optimization studies, it was found that the addition of 1mM of chlorocholine chloride at the 9th day of culture was the best for taxol production. Taxol yield under this condition was 0.72mg/$\ell$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Tongbi-san extract (TS) on RAW264.7 macrophages using by cell cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ghdrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capability. Methods : Cell cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The production of NO was measured by Griess assay. The production of $PGE_2$ was measured by immunoassay. And the anti-oxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. Results : TS did not increased significantly compared to the TS untreated group in the cell cytotoxicity. TS inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. TS had the DPPH free radical scavenging capability. Conclusion : The anti-inflammtory and anti-oxidant effects of TS may be use for a treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

In order to investigate the immunostimulating effect of mycelia extract of Phellinus linteus (PLM) on human monocyte THP-1 and rat peritoneal macrophage cell, we examined measuring cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$). The production of IL-6 and TNF-a in human monocyte THP-1 was slight increased dose-dependently when the cells were challenged with PLM for 72 hrs. It was also observed that the treatment of PLM with LPS augmented the production of IL-6 and TNF-a in human monocyte THP-1. It was also observed that the treatment of PLM with LPS augmented the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in human monocyte THP-1. The production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in rat peritoneal macrophage was significantly enhanced when the cells were treated PLM with LPS for 72 hrs. Moreover, the proliferation rate of rat spleen cells was increased in a dose dependent manner as the cells were treated with PLM and Concanavalin A.