• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2005

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a recently described aggressive B-cell neoplasm, which usually manifests as a localized disease of the oral mucosa in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently we encountered a case of plasmablastic lymphoma manifesting in the left maxillary sinus and cervical lymph node of a previously healthy HIV-negative man, 48 years of age. we conducted a fine-needle aspiration smear of the cervical lymph node, and this was found to be highly cellular with numerous large cells exhibiting eccentrically positioned nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate quantities of basophilic cytoplasm. A biopsy of the mass in the maxillary sinus evidenced diffuse growth of similar plasmablastic cells. These tumor cells were negative for the leukocyte common antigens, CD20, CD3, CD30, and EMA. However, the cells tested positive for CD79a and CD138/syndecan-1. The tumor cells also exhibited L-light-chain restriction. The Ki-67 proliferation index was measured at almost 100%. The patient was diagnosed with plasmablastic lymphoma. After three cycles of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient went into complete remission, and currently remains in this state.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.171-183
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Erythrinae Cortex herbal-acupuncture solution(EC-HAS) at the Joksamni($ST_{36}$) of mice with collagen II-induced arthritis(CIA). Methods : The author performed several experimental procedures to observe the effects of the EC-HAS at the arthritis. The severity of arthritis, changes of cytokine level and antibody level, histological changes of the CIA mouse joint were analyzed. Results : 1. The incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased in the cases which were treated with the EC-HA. 2. Cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were reduced, and the expression of the collagen fibers was similar with that of the normal group. 3. The levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ in serum of the CIA mice which were treated with the EC-HA were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. 4. The levels of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice when they treated with the EC-HA were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. 5. The expression ratio of $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cells in the EC-HA treated mice were maintained as much as the normal group of the lymph nodes in the CIA mice. 6. The $CD3e^+CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cell populations in the knee joint were significantly decreased in the EC-HA treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that the EC-HA at the ST36 may be responsible roles to control on the synovial cell proliferation and to prevent the cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. These results will be important supporting evidence for the practical use of the EC-HA at rheumatoid arthritis clinic in the future.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-291
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis in an experiment using an NC/Nga mice induced by DNCB, which has histological and clinical similarities to the condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis(AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of NC/Nga ato-mouse. Results YHJST medicines decreased Serum level of IgE, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$. Also total number of $CD69^+$, $CD3^+$ in PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+CD3^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in Dorsal skin tissue, Serum IgG1, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b decreased significantly. Furthermore YHJST is extremely effective to histological symptoms; dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and suppressed histologic infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ear and dorsal skin lesions significantly. YHJST decreased gene-expression of IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, CCR3, Eotaxin mRNA than that of control group. Conclusions YHJST on atopic dermatitis to atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mouse induced DNCB was incredibly effective.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.602-607
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• 1993

These studies were conducted to investigates the changes in physicochemical characteristics of Charbori (waxy-barley) and Olbori (normal) during kernel maturation. 1000-kernel weight increased as the barley matured and as the original moisture decreased. The amount of total nitrogen per endosperm was similar in both cultivars. 1000-kernal weight had a correlation coefficient of $r=-0.871^{**}$ with water soluble nitrogen and of $r=-0.894^{**}$ with nitrogen solubility index. At maturity, the starch content of Olbori was 26% higher than Chalbori. Amylose content ranged from 20.4 to 24.7% in Olbori and from 9.9 to 12.9% in Chalbori as the kernel matured. ${\beta}-glucan$ viscosity was no differences at the early stages of development, but at 40 days after heading, was greatly differences between Chalbore and Olbori, 7.9 kand 5.8 cST, respectively. Gelatinization characteristics and other properties of the starch by Amylograph were compared with those of Olbori and Chalbori. The Chalbori starch usually had a lower initial temperature and setback.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

In order to investigate the efficacy of HYGBH on atopic dermatitis, various immune related factors were studied. The results and conclusions are as follows. Atopic dermatitis symptoms were improved in HYGBH treated group and significant decrease in dermatitis index were observed in 12 and 14 weeks. HYGBH treated group showed significant decrease in CD4+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratio in PBMC by 18% and 40.6% respectively. HYGBH treated group showed significant decrease in CD3+, CD11b+/Gr-1+ immune cell ratio in dorsal skin by 44.6% and 53.1% respectively. HYGBH treated group showed significant decrease in IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 29.5%, 7.7% respectively. HYGBH treated group showed decrease in the expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and histamine by 21%, 9.6%, 14%, and 32.2% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the expression of IgE by 6.8% respectively. HYGBH treated group showed significant decrease in the transcription of IL-5 and IL-3 mRNA in skin by 35.5% and 23.2% respectively. The results above indicated that treatment of HYGBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity as well as immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, to increase the application of fermented oriental medicine, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence in the future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.453-464
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• 2013

Heavy metals in the mangrove sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia were analyzed to examine the pollution levels of heavy metals using enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in surface mangrove sediments were 642, 125, 46.9, 149, 15.6, 0.14 and 8.55 ${\mu}g$, respectively. Kosrae mangrove sediments showed the highest concentrations of Cr and Ni while Chuuk contains more of other metals such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb. Compared to those from other mangrove regions of the world, Cr, Ni and As levels in mangrove sediments from Micronesia were at higher levels whereas Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were at lower to median levels. In core sediment of Chuuk, metal concentrations in the upper part were higher than those in the lower part. Based on the EF and PLI values, As is evaluated as the heaviest contaminant in the surface sediment from Micronesia whilst other metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) are present at slightly lesser levels.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Mine drainage from metal mining districts is a well-recognized source of environmental contamination. Oxidation of metal sulfides in mines, mine dumps and tailing impoundments produces acidic, metal-rich waters that can contaminate the local surface water and soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was carried out to investigate the pollution assessment of heavy metal on the water quality of mine drainage, paddy soils and sediment in lower watershed affected by mine drainage of the Sambo mine. The average concentrations of dissolved Cd (0.018~0.035 mg/L) in mine drainage discharged from the main waste rock dumps(WRD) was higher than the water quality standards (0.01 mg/L) for agricultural water in Korea. Also, the average concentrations of dissolved Zn, Fe and Mn were higher than those of recommended maximum concentrations (Zn 2.0, Fe 5.0, Mn 0.2 mg/L) of trace metal in irrigation water proposed by FAO (1994). The average contents of Pb and Zn in paddy soils was higher than those of standard level for soil contamination(Pb 200, Zn 300 mg/kg) in agricultural soil by Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. Also, the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in sediment were higher than those of standard level for soil contamination (Cd 10, Pb 400, Zn 600 mg/L) in waterway soil by Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. The enrichment factor (EFc) of heavy metals in stream sediments were in the order as Cd>Pb>Zn> As>Cu>Cr>Ni. Also, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of heavy metals in stream sediments were in the order as Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>As>Cr>Ni, specially, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Zn (Igeo 3.1~6.2) were relatively higher than that of other metals in sediment. CONCLUSION(s): The results indicate that stream water and sediment were affected by mine drainage discharged from the Sambo mine at least to a distance of 1 km downstream (SN-1, SN-2) of the mine water discharge point.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the improved contact dermatitis(CD) treated with the herbal medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. The level V steroid ointments were no use to the patient 3weeks before the treatment. Methods : In this case, the patient was diagnosed according to 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions' and took Mahwang-tang for 36days since the final diagnosis was Taeyang-byung, number 46 provision. The photographs of patient's hands were taken to observe the process of the skin status and the discomfort from CD was measured with DLQI(Dermatologic Life Quality Index) and NRS(Numeric Rating Scale). Results : The DLQI score changed from 24 to 7 and NRS of itching changed form 8 to under 4. Conclusions : This case report shows that the herbal medication through the diagnostic system could be a remedy on CD, dealing with the skin status with no use of the level V steroid ointments. It is needed proving an alternative possibility of Korean Medicine, on other skin diseases, with later studies since there are many reports on the side-effects after some long-term steroid treatments.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.919-922
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• 2004

The effect of an extract of Dalbergiae Lignum and four components that were isolated from the extract on the anticarcinogenic phase II marker enzyme, quinone reductase (QR), was investi-gated. Of the solvent extracts of Dalbergiae Lignum, the CH$_2$CI$_2$ fraction was the most potent in inducing QR activity, with a CD value (the concentration required to double the QR activity) of 29.5 $\mu$/mL. The CH$_2$CI$_2$ extract was further separated into six compounds, four of which were identified as 4-methoxydalbergione, latifolin, 4＇,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, and obtusafu-ran. Obtusafuran ［CD ＝ 1.1 $\mu$M； chemopreventive index (CI) ＝ 101.9］ and latifolin (CD ＝ 1.7 $\mu$M； CI ＝ 154.6) displayed potent QR inducing activity and high chemopreventive indices. Lati-folin and 4-methoxydalbergione were identified as strong DPPH-scavengers with half-maximal free radical scavenging concentrations of 15.9 and 17.2 $\mu$M, respectively.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.515-517
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• 2003

In order to assess the risk of adverse health effects on human exposure to arsenic and heavy metals influenced by past mining activities, environmental geochemical surveys were undertaken in the abandoned metal mine areas (Dongil Au-Ag-Cu-Zn, Okdong Cu-Pb-Zn, Songcheon Au-Ag, Dongjung Au-Ag-Pb-Zn, Dokok Au-Ag-Cu and Hwacheon Au-Ag-Pb-Zn mines). Arsenic and other heavy metals were highly elevated in the tailings from the Dongil, the Songcheon and the Dongjung mines. High concentrations of heavy metals except As were also found in tailings from the Okdong, the Dokok and the Hwacheon mines. These significant concentrations can impact on soils and waters around the tailing dumps. Risk compounds deriving from mine sites either constitute a toxic risk or a carcinogenic risk. The hazard index (H.I.) of As in the Dongil, the Okdong, the Songcheon and the Hwacheon mine areas was higher value more than 1.0. In the Okdong and the Songcheon mine areas, H.I. value of Cd exceeded 1.0. These values of As and Cd were the highest in the Songcheon mine area. Therefore, toxic risks for As and Cd exist via exposure (ingestion) of contaminated soil, groundwater and rice grain in these mine areas. The cancer risk for As in stream or ground water used for drinking water from the Songcheon, the Dongil, the Okdong, the Dongjung and the Hwacheon mine areas was 3E-3, 8E-4, 7E-4, 2E-4 and 1E-4, respectively.