• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1343-1350
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• 2005

In this study, the whole deformation conditions of domestic old tunnels and reinforcement methods for deformation tunnels were investigated and analysed, and the present conditions, occurrence cause and reinforcement methods of cavity behind the tunnel lining were investigated and analysed comprehensively. The deformation causes of domestic old tunnels could be classified in three kinds : change of earth pressure operating tunnel ground, material problem of concrete lining, mistake of design and construction. As a result of analysis, the tunnel deformation was occurred by not specific cause but various cause As a result of investigation for 455 domestic tunnel data, more than 70% of the tunnel deformation was related to leakage and the other deformation cause also accompanied leakage mostly. An applied reinforcement method was related to leakage and flood prevention measures, but application of reinforcement method for boundary area between tunnel and ground and tunnel periphery which influence on the tunnel stability was still defective. The cavity of domestic old tunnel occupied about 16% of the total tunnel length and about 68% of cavity was located in the crown of tunnel, and besides, the occurrence cause of cavity was analysed to design, construction and management cause. The filling method for cavity using filling material was comprehensively appling to cavity behind tunnel lining.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1067-1068
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• 2008

The Operation of high speed train in year 2004 bring about a great change in railroad industry. Especially in railroad construction field we have acquired great Know-how. And up to now we are building up operation skills. But the high speed train system are totally imported, so it is necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, we don't have any application case in domestic and limited in abroad. So there must be some characteristic estimation. The estimation was made in three different ways. First electrical field cause, Second physical field cause and finally in circumstance cause. In Electrical field cause, amplitude and number of time for abnormal peak voltage data are collected. And in physical field cause, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator are examined. And I circumstance cause, possibility of flying gravel and ice clod are investigated. Through this basic data suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic will be accumulated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.423-427
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• 2008

The Operation of high speed train in year 2004 bring about a great change in railroad industry. Especially in railroad construction field we have acquired great Know-how. And up to now we are building up operation skills. But the high speed train system are totally imported, so it is necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, we don't have any application case in domestic and limited in abroad. So there must be some characteristic estimation. The estimation was made in three different ways. First electrical field cause, Second physical field cause and finally in circumstance cause. In Electrical field cause, amplitude and number of time for abnormal peak voltage data are collected. And in physical field cause, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator are examined. And I circumstance cause, possibility of flying gravel and ice clod are investigated. Through this basic data suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic will be accumulated.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.881-889
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• 2018

This study examines consumer attitudes according to the Cause Related marketing information presentation type and Brand Level and China, Korea. As a result of the analysis, first, cause related marketing information presentation type conducted by the company shows that concrete has more consumer attitude than abstract. Second, consumer attitude toward cause related marketing information presentation type is different according to brand level(Corporate Brand and Individual Brand). Third, consumer attitudes cause related marketing information presentation type is different according to Korea and China. Finally, based on the results of this research, we will provide practical implications not only academically but also as a basis for marketing strategies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to describe the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness in the patients with RA. I used naturalistic inquiry as a research methodology. The purposive sampling was conducted. 23 subjects who experienced RA, lived in middle-sized city in Korea, and 19 women and 4 men. I collected data using indepth structured interview, "What is the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness?" I used inductive data analysis-such as unitizing and categorizing. This process is used constant comparative method. Summerising the results of this study, the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness are composed of physical constitution, fatalism, the attribution of physical overload, the attribution of stress, the lack of nutrition. The factors which affect the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness are composed of internal factors, external factors, environmental factors. The internal factors are the weakness of the childhood, the illness experience in the family members, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, personality, lack of nutrition. The external factors are pregnancy, delivery, role burden and conflict, economic problem. The environmental factors are humid condition, abrupt environmental change. It is needed to explaine the coping pattern according to the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness in the next research.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

Purpose: In the era of sustainable development, the role of consumers and businesses has become increasingly important by demonstrating the importance of social and environmental issues. Accordingly, firms widely adopt cause-related marketing to fulfil corporate social responsibility. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect consumer attitude toward cause-related marketing with perspectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and instrumental conditioning. Research design, data and methodology: Proposed research questions include effects of cognition, emotion, sustainability, and business ethics on attitude, effects of attitude on purchase intention, and effects of intention on satisfaction. This study collected the data via an online survey and applied factor and regression analysis. Results: Findings indicated that factors affect attitudes differently in cases of cause-related marketing with SDGs and instrumental conditioning. The results of this study found that business ethics affects consumer attitude and differ based on types of cause-related marketing. This study found that attitude positively affects purchase intention that also affects expected satisfaction. Conclusions: By applying perspectives of SDGs, findings of this study provide implications to producers, marketers, and policymakers to promote and achieve sustainability. In particular, the results found that business ethics should be more addressed to fulfill customer attitude.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.595-601
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• 2020

During the safety inspection of nitrocellulose-made explosive containers stored for more than 10 years, cracks were found in the containers. Therefore, a failure cause analysis test was performed. First, the cause of failure through the failure tree analysis was conducted to select the factors that influenced failure. The changes in the properties of the container caused by the acceleration of the reaction were found to be the cause of the failure by confirming the influence on the environment and internal/external factors that may occur during storage. To confirm this, environmental tests, such as thermal shock test and vacuum thermal stability test, were performed using a naturally aged container to analyze the cause of failure, and an accelerated aging test was performed to reproduce the failure. Through this, the chemical reaction was accelerated by heat and charge, as in the result of the fault tree analysis, and it was confirmed that the physical properties of the container were changed. In addition, the service life of the container was estimated using the Arrhenius model for the storage life due to thermal aging.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the Korean root cause analysis (RCA) software that can be used to systematically investigate underlying causes for preventing or reducing recurrence of patient safety incidents. Methods: We reviewed the existing guidelines and literatures on the RCA in order to figure out the RCA process. Also we examined the existing RCA softwares for investigating patient safety incidents to design the contents and interface of the RCA software. Based on the results of reviewing literatures and softwares, we developed a draft version of the Korean RCA software that can be easily used in Korean hospital settings by RCA teams. Results: The Korean RCA software consisted of several modules, which are modules for identifying patient safety incidents, organizing RCA team, collecting and analysing data, determining contributory factors and root causes, developing the action plans, and guiding evaluation. Conclusion: The Korean RCA software included optimized RCA process and structured logic for cause analysis. Thus even beginners in RCA are expected to easily use this software for investigating patient safety incidents. As software has been developed with the public financial support, it will be distributed free of charge. We hope that it will contribute to facilitating patient safety improvement activities in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.233-240
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• 2000

Nuclear power plant structures may be exposed to aggressive environmental effects than may cause their strength and stiffness to decrease over their service lives, Although the physics of these damage mechanisms are reasonably well understood and quantitative evaluation of their effects on time-dependent structural behavior is possible in some instances such evaluations are generally very difficult and remain novel. The assessment of existing RC containment in nuclear power plants for continued service must provide quantitative evidence that they are able to withstand future extreme loads during a service period with an acceptable level of reliability. Rational methodologies to perform the reliability assessment can be developed from mechanistic models of structural deterioration using time-dependent structural reliability analysis to take earthquake loading uncertainties into account. The final goal of this study is to develop the reliability analysis of RC containment structures. The cause of the degrading is first clarified and the reliability assessment has been conducted. By introducing stochastic analysis based on random vibration theory the reliability analysis which can determine the failure probabilities has been established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.173-184
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to quantitatively analyze problems and improvement directions of the comprehensive rural village development projects through DEMATEL and contents analysis. Contents analysis was conducted for 15 existing researches and 28 problems were deducted at the stage of the comprehensive rural village development projects. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL), a mathematical computation method, was utilized as an objective method to handle the inner dependences within a set of problems. The results of this research are summarized as follows. First, insufficient education and publicity of project was the most considerable cause problem. Second, lack of participation, will, and ability of residents was the most considerable effect problem. Finally, several improvements of the comprehensive rural village development projects were deducted by cause and effect relationship of problems.