• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 2016

Objective : Elevated cell counts and protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) result from disease activity in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC). Previous studies evaluated the use of CSF profiles to monitor a treatment response or predict prognosis. CSF profiles vary, however, according to the sampling site and the patient's systemic condition. We compared lumbar and ventricular CSF profiles collected before intraventricular chemotherapy for LMC and evaluated the association of these profiles with patients' systemic factors and LMC disease activity. Methods : CSF profiles were retrospectively collected from 228 patients who underwent Ommaya reservoir insertion for intraventricular chemotherapy after a diagnosis of LMC. Lumbar samples taken via lumbar puncture were used for the diagnosis, and ventricular samples were obtained later at the time of Ommaya reservoir insertion. LMC disease activity was defined as the presence of LMC-related symptoms such as increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, cranial neuropathy, and cauda equina syndrome. Results : Cell counts (median : 8 vs. 1 cells/mL) and protein levels (median : 68 vs. 17 mg/dL) significantly higher in lumbar CSF than in ventricular CSF (p<0.001). Among the evaluated systemic factors, concomitant brain metastasis and previous radiation were significantly correlated with higher protein levels in the lumbar CSF (p=0.01 and <0.001, respectively). Among the LMC disease activity, patients presenting with hydrocephalus or cauda equina syndrome showed higher lumbar CSF protein level compared with that in patients without those symptoms (p=0.049 and p<0.001, respectively). The lumbar CSF cell count was significantly lower in patients with cranial neuropathy (p=0.046). The ventricular CSF cell counts and protein levels showed no correlation with LMC symptoms. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which was measured from ventricular CSF after the diagnosis in 109 patients, showed a significant association with the presence of hydrocephalus (p=0.01). Conclusion : The protein level in lumbar CSF indicated the localized disease activity of hydrocephalus and cauda equina syndrome. In the ventricular CSF, only the CEA level reflected the presence of hydrocephalus. We suggest using more specific biomarkers for the evaluation of ventricular CSF to monitor disease activity and treatment response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2006

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-91
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• 2002

Method of management of the spine injury should be determined, based on the status of neurological injury as well as on the presence of traumatic instability. At the thoracic and lumbar spine, patterns of neurological injury are different from the cervical spine due to their neuro-anatomical characteristics. Especially, at the thoracolumbar junction, neurological injury patterns with their respective prognosis vary from the complete cord injury or conus medullaris syndrome to the cauda equina syndrome according to the injury level. The concept of Holdsworth's instability based on the posterior ligament complex theory has evolved into the current 3-column theory of Denis. Flexion-rotation injury and fracture-dislocation are well known to be unstable that surgical fixation is frequently needed for these injuries. However, there have been some controversies for the stability of burst fractures and their treatment, such as indirect or direct decompression and anterior or posterior approach. In this article, current concepts and management of traumatic instabilities at the thoracic and lumbar spine have been reviewed and summarized.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.163-168
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• 2004

The occurrence of neurologic symptom, for example cauda equina syndrome or disc rupture after Chuna treatment seems to be an uncommon event considering the large number of Chuna treatment performed. We experienced a woman who developed sudden complication after lumbar Chuna treatment. Patients in spinal hernation undergone Chuna treatment can be the causative factor in neurological symptom and must be considered in each case. Therefore, physicans and patients should be aware that neurological complication may occur as a result of lumba Chuna treatment.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2006

Cauda equina syndrome(CES) and disc hemiation have been implicated as a potential complication of Chuna Manipulation Treatment. We reported a man who developed sudden complication alter lumbar Chuna Manipulation Treatment. It is supposed that this patient suffered a disc herniation secondarily due to a lumbar Chuna Manipulation Treatment. Therefore, doctors should be aware that neurological complication may occur as a result of lumbar Chuna Manipulation Treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-103
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• 2006

Oral prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a medicine that is clinically applied during a treatment of patients suffering with vascular disease with chronic arterial obstruction because it has vasodilation and anti-platelet effects. The mechanisms of lumbosacral symptoms associated with spinal stenosis probably include vascular insufficiency with hypoxic injury to the cauda equina and the nerve roots. Thus, increasing the blood supply would be beneficial to improve the pathophysiologic condition. Several studies on the improvement of clinical symptoms of spinal stenosis by PGE1 treatment have been reported on. In this case, 47-year old female underwent posterior compression and posterolateral fusion with a cage at L2-4 due to L3 compression fracture, and she did not show improvement of the radiating pain of her right leg after the operation. Therefore, she received repetitive epidural catheterization and adhesiolysis, epidural block and physical therapy, but her symptoms deteriorated after temporary improvement. Finally, she was given PGE1 and the radiculopathy was completely improved, although some muscle weakness still remained.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

Objectives : This report was performed to report the present situation of the adverse reactions of chuna manipulation in Korea. Methods : Searches were conducted on Internet based field. We investigated the cases reported from Korea Consumer Agency and the "Minwon Baekseo" published by Korean Oriental Medicine Society. Results & Conclusions : The relevant cases and papers were of small number. The most adverse reaction of chuna manipulation was disc herniation. The serious adverse reactions were Cauda equina syndrome(CES) and Cerebral infarction. Most of serious adverse reaction cases were performed by non proffesional therapist. We should give chuna treatment to patients after sufficient education. We expect more case reports and systemic studies about adverse reaction and effect of chuna manipulation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to show that there was a significant result in prescribing Herb remedy and Korean-Bee-Venom acupuncture and acupuncture & moxibustion therapy to Urinary incontinence patients due to Neurologic Bladder caused by Cauda equina syndrome after having an vertebrae lumbale operation. Method : The methods used in this study was observe the patient's subjective improvement, valuation of the bladder function and the change of the sensibility drop when Herb remedy and Korean-Bee-Venom acupuncture and acupuncture was applied. Results : When acupuncture and Korean-Bee-Venom acupuncture was both applied the function of Bladder changed from score 10 to 0 and the Grade of Urinary Incontinence changed from Grade III to 0 also with the sensibility drop. Conclusion : The results show that when using Umnungchon(SP9), Yangnungchon (GB34), Taedon(LR1), Kokkol(CV2) there was an effect to some degree to the Urinary incontinence patients but when Korean-Bee-Venom was acupunctured to Kwanwon(CV4) and Kihae(CV6) the effect increased. Further studies and examples for evidence are required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2007

Objective : So called "minimally invasive procedures" have evolved from chemonucleolysis, automated percutaneous discectomy, arthroscopic microdiscectomy that are mainly working within the confines of intradiscal space to transforaminal endoscopic technique to remove herniated epidural disc materials directly. The purpose of this study is to assess the result of endoscopic spinal surgery and favorable indication in the thoracolumbar spine. Methods : The records of 71 patients, 73 endoscopic procedures, were retrospectively analysed. Yeung Endoscopic Spine Surgery system with 7 mm working sleeve and $25^{\circ}$ viewing angle was used. The mean follow up period was 6 months [range, 3-9]. Results : Operated levels were from T12-L1 disc down to L5-L6 of S1 disc. Of 71 cases, 2 patients underwent transforaminal endoscopic surgery twice due to recurrence after initial operation. MacNab's criteria was used to assess the outcome. Favorable outcome, excellent of good, was seen in 78% [57 procedures] of the patients. Among 11 fair outcomes, only 1 procedure was followed by secondary open procedure, laminectomy with discectomy. Two of 5 poor outcomes were operated again by same procedure which resulted in fair outcomes. One patient with aggravated cauda equina syndrome remained poor and a lumbar fusion procedure was performed in other patient with poor outcome. There were 2 postoperative discitis that were treated with conservative care in one and anterior lumbar interbody fusion in the other. Conclusion : Evolving technology of mechanical, visual instrument enables minimal invasive procedure possible and effective. The transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery can reach as high as T12-L1 disc level. The rate of favorable outcome is mid-range among reported endoscopic lumbar surgery series. Authors believe that the outcome will be better as cases accumulate and will be able to reach the fate of standard open microsurgery.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this review is to investigate studies of Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture and the evidence of it's effects in order to suggest a better research method in the future. Methods We retrieved numbers of clinical studies about Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture from 7 Korean web databases, using key words such as 'Scolopendrid', 'Scolopendrid AND Pharmacopuncture'. This study had been conducted from 1st May 2013 to 31th July 2013. Controlled studies and case studies were only used for this study. Clinical studies that we picked from the databases were classified according to the diseases that those studies are about, and from these clinical studies, we are to research what has to be improved generally in clinical researches. Results 18 case studies, 4 controlled studies had been under research. Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture has a therapeutic effect mainly in musculoskeletal and neurological diseases such as herniated intervertebral disc, carpal tunnel syndrome, swollen leg, feeling of cold on legs, wrist ganglion, lateral epicondylitis, radial nerve palsy, cervical myelopathy, cauda equina syndrome, postauricular pain; as an early symptom of Bell's palsy, pain of popliteal part, gout, plantar fasciitis, cellulitis, frozen shoulder, pain of hip adductors. However objectivity and reliability of the Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture studies still remains controversial. Conclusions It has been suggested that there are positive effects of Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture therapy in treating specific diseases (especially neuromusculoskeletal diseases). However, this narrative review can't conclude and prove that the Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture has positive effectiveness on these diseases unlike systematic review. So, in order to put Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture therapy to use for many kinds of diseases in more reasonable ways, it is essential to build well-designed clinical research tools. In the future, abundant case studies, more follow-up trials and randomized controlled trials based on the korean medicine should be done to use Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture for a clinical purpose.