• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2003

To investigate the association between breast cancer risk and nutrient intake in Korean women, a case-control study was carried out. Incident cases (n=224) were identified through cancer biopsy between february 1999 and December 2000 at two university hospitals in Seoul. Hospital-based controls (n=250) were selected from patients in the same hospitals, during the same periods. food intake was investigated with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (98 items) by a trained dietitian. Subjects were asked to indicate the average intake, for a 12-month period of three years prior to the baseline phase. In this study, no apparent association was found between fat intake level and breast cancer risk. High fiber intake showed a significant inverse association only among premenopausal women. In terms of antioxidant vitamins, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin C among premenopausal women and vitamin C intake among postmenopausal women was significantly associated with a decreasing risk of breast cancer. A protective effect of high calcium consumption was observed among postmenopausal women. In conclusion, our findings support epidemiological evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake could lower the breast cancer risk in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2015

Background: This study was planned as comparative and descriptive in order to measure and evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding early diagnosis of women with and without a family history of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of the relatives of female patients (N=253) who were admitted to Istanbul University of Medicine. Women with a family history of cervical cancer formed the case group, while those without family history of cervical cancer constituted the control group. Two distinct data collection tools, a questionnaire and the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS), were used in order to obtain data for evaluation with SPSS for Windows 20.0 statistics package program. Results: It was found that 61.0% of the case group with family history of cervical cancer and 19.0% of the control group without family history of cervical cancer were using early diagnostic methods. Thus the presence of an individual with cervical cancer in the family affected the attitudes towards early diagnosis. It was further found that the level of knowledge on cervical cancer and PAP smear test was higher in the case group, which was more sensitive with regard to being informed about cervical cancer as compared to general society. However, the average MBSS scores were not significantly different compared to the control group. Conclusions: It was noted that, women participating this study knowledgeable, but this did not necessarily transform into better behavior.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the hand-on breast massage techniques used by well-known experts in breastfeeding clinics. Methods: A qualitative multiple-case design was applied that involved a feasibility test. Four experts sampling qualitative data collected by observing participants and in individual interviews were analyzed by content analysis, linking data to the propositions, and cross-case pattern matching. This study explored differences within and between cases, and the possibilities of replicating findings across cases. Thirty-nine postpartum women participated voluntarily in the feasibility test, which investigated the usability of four massage techniques. Results: The four techniques showed considerable similarities in terms of the application of stimulation to the breast base and increased flexibility of the wired flexible body, which was the core mechanism underlying the techniques. The breast management strategies were consistent with existing practice guidelines with the exception of using cold cabbage to control engorgement pain. There was insufficient scientific evidence for supporting the massage techniques used by the experts. All of the techniques showed 100% education completeness, but application rates were higher for self-control-oriented techniques. Conclusion: The massage techniques applied by experts in breastfeeding were based on hypotheses and self-control techniques are feasible to apply in practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4439-4444
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• 2016

The objective of this case-control study was to determine anthropometric and reproductive factors associated with the development of breast cancer among women. Fifty-six newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were recruited from the Oncology Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), and 56 healthy female hospital employees were recruited as controls. Socio-demographic and reproductive data were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometric factors (body weight, height, body fat percentage, visceral fat and waist and hip circumference) were assessed. A high waist circumference (adjusted OR= 1.04, [95% CI: 1.00, 1.09]) and being more than 30 years of age at first full-term pregnancy (adjusted OR=3.77, [95% CI: 1.10, 12.90]) were predictors of breast cancer development. The results of this study indicate that weight and reproductive health management should be emphasized for breast cancer prevention in Malaysia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6185-6187
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• 2013

Cervical cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in Lucknow and New York in the $21^{st}$ century. Cancer genetic studies are essential to identify/stratify disease-susceptible individuals in a population-based cohort. Sample size homogeneity and North Indian caste in female urology genetic-studies are significant issues in meaningful interpretation of data. A review of scientific literature using Pubmed database was conducted, including an assessment of cervical cancer genetic studies conducted as part of the author's doctoral dissertation at a premier Lucknow-based medical research Institute. Sample size numbers and caste criteria in the North Indian cohort ($N{\leq}400$ subjects) were evaluated with homogeneity in the sample cohort data set(s). Subgroup caste-stratification of North Indian cohort is equally essential, for instance, Brahmin (e.g. Pandey), Vaishya (e.g. Mittal), Rajput (e.g. Singh) and Kshudra (e.g. Yadav) during the conception and design of genetics-based studies. Sample size homogeneity in histopathologically confirmed case and control numbers and caste-based stratification in a North Indian cohort is essential in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies in cervical cancer susceptible populations to draw more definitive conclusions.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

This research is as a case study of innovative engineering education system through idea factory of korea maritime and ocean university and deals with development of temperature-humidity control device (THCD) for fiber storage on composites in viewpoint of problem solving method. Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) includes many variables on the composite manufacturing process. Above all, the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix acts as an important thing that decided mechanical property of the FRP, and also it is profoundly linked to external temperature and relative humidity. High void fraction leads to a result in interlaminar fracture. Therefore, in this research, to establish correlation between fiber reinforcement and fiber storage conditions of temperature and relative humidity we developed a THCD for fiber reinforcement. To evaluate performance of the THCD, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) is made under the extreme conditions each temperature $34^{\circ}C$, relative humidity 98 % and it can be said that there are the change of mechanical properties according to fiber storage conditions. As a result, the THCD showed sufficient possible application for understanding and applied research of composites field in material engineering. Also, we could check that the necessity of introduction of innovative system such as idea factory existed.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the herbal medicine case-control studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. Method : For this study, we searched the studies on tic disorder, which had been published 2007, through web-site CNKI(中國知識基魔設施工程) http://www.cnki.net). There were 15 herbal medicine case-control studies and we focused on those studies. Results: 1. DSM-IV(7 studies), CCMD(5 studies) and ICD-10(3 studies) were frequently used in the diagnosis of tic disorder. 2. Paeonia radix alba, Uncariae ramulus et uncus and Glycyrrhizae radix were frequently used in treatment. Moreover Scorpio, Gastrodiae rhizoma, Pinelliae rhizoma and so on were used. 3. Treatment results were assessed by improvement of symptom, YGTSS and so on. 4. Herbal medicine treatment was more effective than western medicine treatment in most studies, and side effects of herbal medicine were far less than those of western medicine. Conclusion : There have been reported many herbal medicine treatment studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. We believe that these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korean medicine.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intravenous injection case-based clinical performance examination for improvement of problem-solving skill, nursing process application, nursing skill, and learning satisfaction. Method: This study's design was a randomized control group design. A total 93 students (experimental group, 49 control group, 44) who were junior nursing students in South Korea were included in this study. Data were collected from August 12th to 19th, 2010 and analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Result: The mean score of problem solving skills, intravenous injection skill, and learning satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. However, the mean score of nursing process application was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that the case-based clinical performance examination is effective for problem solving skill, nursing skill, and learning satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended to adapt such teaching methods with integrated nursing practice education for various clinical skills development.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.152-168
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• 2020

The propensity score matching method is a statistical method used to reduce selection bias in observational studies and to show effects similar to random allocation. There are many observational studies in dentistry research, and differences in baseline covariates between the control and case groups affect the outcome. In order to reduce the bias due to confounding variables, the propensity scores are used by equating groups based on the baseline covariates. This method is effective, especially when there are many covariates or the sample size is small. In this paper, the propensity score matching method was explained in a simple way with a dental example by using R software. This simulated data were obtained from one of retrospective study. The control group and the case group were matched according to the propensity score and compared before and after treatment. The propensity score matching method could be an alternative to compensate for the disadvantage of the observation study by reducing the bias based on the covariates with the propensity score.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Objectives : The researcher had investigated the efficacy of ginseng using Microneedle Therapy System (MTS) and confirmed the effect of ginseng Cold Process (CP) soap just before and after washing face. The purpose of this study was to find out what kind of effect appeared through a period of 6 weeks when environmental factors were involved using ginseng CP soap. Methods : The researcher selected 47 subjects, 37 as the experimental group and 10 as the control group. The researcher asked participants to wash their face twice a day in the morning and evening using ginseng CP soap, and the period was set for 6 weeks. The researcher had the people who selected as the control group use a commercially available foam cleanser. They performed a skin test before the start of the test, and the change status was continuously investigated 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after using the soap. Results : In the case of T-zone oil, there was a significant decrease in the use of foam cleansing and ginseng CP soap, and in the case of pores and pigmentation, a significant decrease was observed only in the use of ginseng CP soap. In skin tone change, there was a significant effect in both the experimental group and the control group, but the significance was greatly increased in the case of ginseng CP soap compared to foam cleansing. Conclusions : Ginseng CP soap is considered to be a more suitable cleanser for skin care compared to foam cleansing.