• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.459-483
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• 2022

In the present work, a new photothermoelastic model based on Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory has been constructed. The governing equationsfor orthotropic photothermoelastic plate are simplified for two-dimension model. Laplace and Fourier transforms are employed after converting the system of equations into dimensionless form. The problem is examined due to various specified sources. Moving normal force, ramp type thermal source and carrier density periodic loading are taken to explore the application of the assumed model. Various field quantities like displacements, stresses, temperature distribution and carrier density distribution are obtained in the transformed domain. The problem is validated by numerical computation for a given material and numerical obtained results are depicted in form of graphs to show the impact of varioustheories of thermoelasticity along with impact of moving velocity, ramp type and periodic loading parameters. Some special cases are also explored. The results obtained in this paper can be used to design various semiconductor elements during the coupled thermal, plasma and elastic wave and otherfieldsin thematerialscience, physical engineering.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2015년도 특별논문집
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

A BC-B type bulk carrier is rarely built, so the structural characteristics is not reported and familiar so far. The biggest difference between BC-B and BC-A type vessel is applying alternate cargo loading, which density is over $1.0ton/m^3$. In this paper, 150K DWT class BC-B type bulk carrier is calculated and compared with BC-A type vessel, which has same condition such as main dimension and deadweight, about prescriptive rule and FEA based on CSR. And aspect ratio of target vessel is smaller than typical capsize bulk carrier, so 150K and 180K bulk carrier, which applied BC-A type, are also compared to find feature of wide beam vessel.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

In this paper, we analyze the performance of code division multiple access (CDMA) systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) that employ random spreading sequences in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We obtain the probability density function (pdf) of the multiple access interference and extend the results to OFDM-CDMA systems to determine the pdf of multiple access and inter-carrier interference in terms of the number of users, the spreading length, the number of sub-carriers, and the frequency offset. We consider the synchronous downlink of cellular multi-carrier CDMA and derive a Gaussian approximation of the multiple access and inter-carrier interference. Overall the effect of frequency offset is shown to vary with the system loading. The analysis in this paper is critical for further development into fading channels and frequency selective multipath channels.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2011

In order to design a shear coaxial injector of solid particles with water, basic experiments on a particle laden jet are necessary. The purpose of the present study is to understand the effect of particle loading ratio on the particle spray characteristics (i.e. spreading angle, distribution of particle number density, velocity profiles, and particle developing region length). Hydro-reactive Al2O3 particles with a primary particle diameter of 35~50 ${\mu}m$ are used in this experiment. An automated particle feeder was designed to supply constant particle mass flowrates. Air is used as the carrier gas. To determine the air velocity at the orifice exit, tracers (aluminum oxide, 0.5~2 ${\mu}m$ primary diameter) are also supplied by a tracer feeder. A plain orifice type injector with 3 mm diameter, and 20 mm length was adopted. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the mean and fluctuating velocity components along the axial and radial directions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

In order to develop new protein carrier replacing poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, succinylated pullulan acetate (SPA) was investigated to fabricate a long term protein delivery carrier. SPA microspheres loaded with lysozyme (Lys) as a model protein drug were prepared by a water/oil/water (W/O/W) double emulsion method. An acidity test of SPA copolymers after hydrolysis was performed to estimate the change of protein stability during releasing proteins from the microspheres. There was no pH change of SPA copolymers, but pH of PLGA polymers after hydrolysis was significantly decreased to around pH 2, indicating that the long-term stability of proteins released from SPA microspheres can be guaranteed. Loading efficiency of proteins into SPA microspheres was three times higher than those into conventional PLGA microspheres, indication of inducing stronger charge interaction between proteins and succinyl groups in SPA microspheres. Although initial burst behaviors were monitored in Lys-loaded SPA microspheres due to relatively strong hydrophilic succinyl segments in SPA microspheres, initial burst issues would be circumvented if the ratio of charge density of succinyl moieties and hydrophobic acetate groups is harmonically controlled. Therefore, in this study, a new attempt of protein delivery system was made and functional SPA was successfully confirmed as a new protein carrier.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1333-1338
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• 2013

Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared through ionic cross-linking and gelation of chitosan (CS) by tripolyphosphate (TPP). CS properties such as molecular weight, and preparation conditions were screened and the resulting nanoparticles were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained particles were consistently spherical with an overall diameter of approximately $107{\pm}20$ nm. They were successfully used as a carrier for Zidovudine, an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which, to our knowledge, is novel. The encapsulation ability, loading capacity, and controlled release behavior for these CSNP was evaluated. Results indicated that their intrinsic properties were strongly affected by properties inherent to CS such as molecular weight, and by the preparation condition, such as cross-linking density, which depends on the concentration of the cross-linker. In vitro release tests for the entrapped zidovudine showed that the CNNP provided a continuous release that can last upwards 20 h.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2004

콜로이드와 계면화학은 표면적과 표면에너지의 학문이다. 계면상의 위치에 따라서 분자밀도, 분자간의 상호작용력, 분자 배향성 그리고 반응성이 달라진다는 것은 흥미있는 주제가 되고 있다. 이러한 계면에너지가 중요하게 작용하는 시스템으로서 회합체, 에멀젼, 입자분산, 거품, 2차원적 표면이나 필름을 들 수 있다. 특히 나노 입자에 관련된 생체 적합성 재료를 사용하여 약물 전달체와 화장품 나노 소재로 이용하는데 관심이 고조되고 있다. 나노 입자는 수 nm에서 수백 nm 크기를 갖는, 넓은 표면적을 가진 콜로이드 상의 불균일 분산 입자의 일종이다. 지금까지 나노 입자의 제조, 특성 규명, 나노입자를 이용한 약물 봉입에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어져 약물 전달체로서의 가능성이 충분히 입증되었다. 또한 난용성분 가용화 나노소재, 피부 흡수 증진용 나노소재, 자외선 차단용 나노소재, 안정화용 나노소재, 서방형 나노소재 등의 화장품 연구에 생체적합 나노전달체를 이용한 예가 보고되었다. 나노/마이크로 입자 시스템은 제조방법과 형태에 따라 나노/마이크로 스피어, 나노/마이크로 캡슐, 나노/마이크로 에멀젼, 폴리머 마이셀, 리포좀 등으로 구분된다. 수용액상에서 자기 회합체를 구성하는 나노수준의 폴리머 마이셀입자, 고농도, 고활성 물질에 대하여 농도 및 활성을 일정하게 제어할 수 있는 나노/마이크로 캡슐, 단일 이중층 또는 다층(100~800 nm)을 형성하여 여러 생리 환성 물질의 전달체로 이용되는 리포솜(liposome)에 대하여 제조방법과 산업의 응용에 대해 소개하였다.