• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.170-179
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• 1993

Three hundred consecutive adult patients having cardioaortic surgery under the cardiopulmonary bypass for a variety of cardioaortic lesions were evaluated retrospectively for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia[above 5mg/100ml].We found twenty eight patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia and divided them into two groups according to the postoperative day of peak s-bilirubin .Group A was the patients with a peak s-bilirubin level within three days ,and group B above three days postoperatively.Group B was divided into group S[survive] and group D[death] . We had compaired the survival & death group and observed the correlation between the decreasing tendency of postoperative s-bilirubin & the nutrition per os in group B. The incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia,as defined by a s-bilirubin concentration of 5.0mg/100ml or greater,was 9.3%.The mortality rates of group A & B were 0.0% and 35.7% respectively.Important contributing factors between group A & B were the age,duration of ICU,Max.DOAB[maximum dose of catecholamine used],amount of blood transfused during or shortly after surgery and preoperative pulmonary hypertension[main pulmonary artery pressure > 30mmHg] and backward heart failure. The risking factors of group D compared to group S were as follows the age,preoperative & postoperative SGOT[serum glutamic-oxaloacetic trasaminase],postoperative total & indirect bilirubin,cardiopulmonary bypass time,duration of ICU & mechanical ventilation ,Max.DOAB,preoperative pulmonary hypertension and backward heart failure.The six patients in group B showed good correlation between the decreasing point of s-bilirubin and the starting day of oral or tube feeding.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 1991

The adequacy of anticoagulation with heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass, and precise neutralization with protamine at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass, were important. In sixty children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, ACT and heparin dose-response curve were studied. Total dose of heparin before bypass were 2.80$\pm$0.74 mg/kg and the amount of protamine administered after bypass were 3.0$\pm$1.23 mg/kg. So protamine: heparin ratio was 1.07: l.c After administration of protamine which dose is calculated with heparin dose-response curve, ACTs were returned to normal range[mean 114.8 $\pm$13 second]. The heparin sensitivity and its half-life do not have relationship with age, weight, height, surface area and urine amount during operation. And there are too much individual variations in heparin sensitivity and its half-life. So conventional heparin protocols can overestimate or underestimate the amount of heparin and protamine. Heparin dose-response curve makes it possible to maintain anticoagulation in a safe range during bypass with adequate amount of heparin individually. At the conclusion of bypass, this curve can be used to predict the precise amount of protamine amount of protamine needed for neutralization of the heparin. But heparin dose-response curve to be used clinically, further studies will be needed about relationship between ACT and heparin level in the high range, influence of hemodilution and hypothermia to ACT and discrepancy between true adequate amount of protamine and calculated amount by heparin dose-response curve.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Purpose : The aim of the study is to compare the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with voice and CPR without voice by one rescuer. Methods : Subjects were 26 students in C University who had basic life support certificate for Healthcare Provider. They performed 30:2 CPR for 6 minutes by two groups of CPR with voice and CPR without voice by one rescuer from August 14 to 16, 2012. They performed CPR with Resusci Anne SkillReporter$^{TM}$ and Laerdal PC SkillReporting System Ver. 2.4.1(Laerdal Medical, Norway and recored voice using TES-1350A(TES Electrical Electronic Corp, Taiwan). Between each experiment, 1 day of rest was given, providing enough time to recover from the fatigue of CPR. Results : The depth, rate of chest compression, and ventilation volume were not affected by a voice (p >.05), and the ratio of chest compression to ventilation kept 30:2, when the subject made a sound (p <.05). Conclusion : Making voice during CPR was associated with an accurate ratio of 30:2 and the reduction in hands off time.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2013

Objectives : It is considered that the education of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the preparation for quick response to cardiac arrest are very important to dental hygiene students who get employed in dental clinics and hospitals after graduation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the perception, attitude and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in dental hygiene students and to provide basic data to educate CPR education program for the dental hygiene students. Methods : The study subjects were 260 students in the department of dental hygiene in J city health college. A self-reported questionnaire was conducted from May 1st to 31st 2013. A frequency analysis and x2-test was carried out to confirm the general characteristics of the 260 respondents. Results : The perception rate of the CPR was 55.8%(145 persons). There were positive correlations between perception and attitude of CPR (r=.202) and attitude and knowledge(r=.249). Conclusions : CPR performance is the vital to the cardiac arrest victim. So it is necessary to educate the dental hygiene students in case of emergency situation. It is necessary to educate CPR and basic life support (BLS) in dental hygiene students.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2015

Cardiopulmonary depression of long-term constant rate infusion (CRI) administration of multiple analgesic drugs is important, especially in critically ill dogs. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lidocaine, ketamine or combined lidocaine-ketamine combination CRI treatment on vital signs and left ventricular (LV) function in healthy dogs. Six adult Beagle dogs were administered either ketamine (initial loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg followed by $10{\mu}g/kg/min$ CRI), lidocaine (initial loading dose of 2 mg/kg followed by 0.025 mg/kg/min CRI), or combined lidocaine-ketamine intravenously. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT) and echocardiographic LV dimensions were measured before administration of medications, immediately after administration of drugs, and then every 10 min for 2 h. There were no significant changes in HR, RR, BT and BP after the administration of either lidocaine CRI, ketamine CRI, or combined lidocaine and ketamine CRI. There were also no significant changes in LV dimensions and stroke volume. The results revealed that treatment with either lidocaine, ketamine or combined lidocaine-ketamine may not cause cardiopulmonary suppression in healthy dogs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.460-469
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), general characteristics associated with CPR and attitude toward CPR by college students. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design with a convenience sample. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 424 college students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: Most of the students had received CPR training (58.3%) and 17% of the students had given help on request in an emergency situation. But only 11.3% of them performed CPR. The mean scores for knowledge of CPR and attitude toward CPR by students were $5.79{\pm}2.41$, $33.8{\pm}6.53$, respectively. The 18.3% of explained variance for attitude toward CPR was significantly explained by gender, age, having received CPR training and knowledge of CPR. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study the development of CPR training programs which are tailored to personal characteristics of college students are necessary to improve attitudes toward CPR. Further nursing research is needed on the characteristics of college students associated with attitude toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 2005

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery induces the production and release of numerous chemotactic substances and cytokines, ensuing systemic inflammatory response that causes postoperative major organ dysfunctions. We performed a randomized, prospective study to investigate clinical effects of preoperative treated-methylprednisolone for preventing inflammation in pediatric cardiac surgery with CPB. Thirty pediatric patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized to either control(n=15) or steroid group (n=15, 10 mg/kg of methylprednisolone). Arterial blood samples were taken before and after the operations for measuring total leukocyte (T-WBC) and differential counts, platelet counts, interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neuron specific enolase (NSE), troponin-I (TNI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels. Postoperative parameters such as pulmonary index (PI, $PaO_2/FiO_2$), 24 hrs and total bleeding volumes, mechanical ventilating (MVP) and intensive care unit (ICU)-staying periods, and hospitalization were assessed. T-WBC, neutrophil fraction, IL-6, MPO, NSE, TNI, AST and creatinine levels, bleeding volumes, PI, and MVP at the postoperative periods were lower or shorter in steroid group than in control group (P<0.05). These findings indicated that preoperative administration of methylprednisolone attenuated CPB-induced inflammatory reactions, contributing to postoperative recovery of patients underwent cardiac surgery.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the attitude of physicians and nurses toward family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: 100 physicians and 100 nurses from five hospitals with than 500 beds in B city were surveyed using a Family Presence During Resuscitation (FPDR) Inventory. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS/WIN 19.0 version. Results: Nurses showed more positive attitudes toward family presence during CPR but reported more concerns about the problem of confidentiality, arguing with family members, and emotional distress of family members than physicians did. Conclusion: On the basis of results from this study, we recommend that educational program be developed within the hospitals to change the negative perception of health care providers for the family presence during CPR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.834-838
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• 2003

Background: Deairing from the heart after open heart surgery(cardiopulmonary bypass) is a very important procedure. Artificial arteriovenous fistula was used to remove air, and the efficiency was evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. Material and Method: Just before termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, a standard pressure transducer line is connected between the stopcocks of the connections in the arterial and venous circuits, creating a small controlled arteriovenous fistula between the arterial and venous cannulas. The degree of intracardiac air and air removal time were evaluated either by transesophageal echocardiography or direct vision of pressure transducer line. Result: By simple procedure, cardiopulmonary time was shortened and air clearing can be confirmed using echocardiography in a few minutes. Conclusion: Creation of arteriovenous fistula using small connecting line between aortic and venous cannula is a very simple and effective method of deairing and preventing of air embolism after open heart surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.339-346
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• 2010

Purpose: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival. However, there have been few studies on the performance of bystander CPR in Korea. This study was done to identify the reasons for being unwilling to perform CPR, and to investigate the factors associated with performing CPR on a stranger in an emergency situation. Method: The participants in this study were 444 local residents. Data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires from May 1 to June 30, 2010. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SAS version 9.1. Result: Only 32.2% of respondents reported being willing to perform CPR on a stranger. The major reason for not being willing to perform CPR on a stranger was "have no confidence to perform CPR well". From multiple logistic regression analysis, statistically significant predictors of CPR performance on a stranger were found to be a higher educational level (OR=6.11, 95% CI 1.46-25.52), neighbors with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (OR=6.65, 95% CI 3.93-11.24), and having confidence of performing CPR (OR=3.02, 95% CI1.78-5.14). Conclusion: CPR education (including automatic external defibrillator) should be offered to family members and neighbors. In addition, the Good Samaritan Law must be given wider publicity at the national level.