• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

A series of new derivatives of 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine has been prepared for the treatment of the vascular dementia. To investigate hepatoprotective effect of these derivatives, the serum biochemical activity and the histological change of liver tissue were evaluated in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) treated rats. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the activities of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total bilirubin in 5-oxohexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine derivatives pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ only treated rats but the content of glutathione S-transferase was increased compared to the $CCl_4$ only treated rats. These results indicated that 5-oxohexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine derivatives have hepatoprotective effect in $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Object : This study was carried out to examine the effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang on the liver and kidney of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. Methods : The histopathological changes were examined after preadministration of 100 and 200mg/100g Hwangryunhaedoktang. Results : The perivenular ballooning degeneration and infiltration of basophilic inflammatory cells were decreased in the experimental group when compared with the control group. No abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of both groups. But, interstitial nephritis was observed only in the experimental group. Conclusion : This study suggests that Hwangryunhaedoktang may be of benefit to the prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethanol, and it is more effective in high dosages.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

A limited number of studies have been conducted on the bioactivity of Callophyllis japonica (C. japonica), which is a red seaweed that is traditional in the oriental diet. In this report, the hepatoprotective effect of C. japonica was studied in a carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity model in rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 ml/kg of 20% $CCl_4$ in olive oil produced an elevated level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and increased enzyme activity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Pre-treatment with C. japonica (150 mg/kg/d) for 3 days in $CCl_4-injected$ rats reduced the levels of SGPT and SGOT compared with control levels (P < 0.05), while higher doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) were ineffective. The administration of C. japonica (150 mg/kg/d) for 3 days after the $CCl_4$ injection in rats was ineffective at reducing SGPT and SGOT. The histopathological findings in each group largely agreed with the biochemical data. The results of this study support the suggestion that C. japonica has a hepatoprotective effect on chemical-induced liver injury.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-733
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• 1996

2-(Allylthio)pyrazine is effective in selectively suppressing constitutive and inducible expression of cytochrome P450 2E1. The effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine against potentiat ed chemical injury was studied in rats. Vitamin-A pretreatment of rats substantially increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity, as supported by an ~4-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Concomitant pretreatment of rats with 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the daily dose of 200mg/kg resulted in a 76% decrease in vitamin-A-potentiated hepatotoxicity, which supported the possibility that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine protects the liver against chemical-induced hepatic injury by the mechanism associated with Kupffer cell inactivation. Pyridine pretreatment caused substantial enhancement in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine treatment of rats reduced the pyridine-potentiated toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Animals treated with both pyridine and 2-(allylthio)pyrazine prior to intoxicating dose of CCl$_4$ resulted in 85% and 47% decreases in pyridine-increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels in the liver. The protective effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine on the DNA strand breakage induced by benzenetriol was assessed by measuring the conversion of supercoiled ${\Phi}x$-174 DNA to the open relaxed form. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine blocked the benzenetriol-induced conversion of supercoiled DNA to open circular form in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the doses from I to 10mM in the incubation mixture containing 5 ${\mu}$M benzenetriol completely protected benzenetriol-induced DNA strand breakage with the EC50 for the 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocking being noted as ~220 ${\mu}$M, whereas allyl disulfide exerted protecting effect at relatively high concentrations (i.e. ~850 ${\mu}$M), suggesting that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine effectively scavenges the reactive oxygen species. These results provide evidence that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocks vitamin A- or pyridine-potentiated CCl$_4$ hepatotoxicity and that the agent is active in protecting DNA by scavenging the reactive oxygen species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

Kombucha tea(KT) is sugared black tea fermented with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is said to be tea fungus. KT is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. In the present study, KT along with black tea(BT) and black tea manufactured with tea fungus enzymes(enzyme-processed tea, ET) were evaluated for hepatoprotective and curative properties against $CCl_4$-induced toxicity, using male albino rats as an experimental model by analyzing aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma and malondialdehyde content in plasma and liver tissues. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also included. Results showed that BT, ET, and KT have the potential to revert the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. Among the three types of teas tried, KT was found to be more efficient than BT and ET. Antioxidant molecules produced during the fermentation period could be the reason for the efficient hepatoprotective and curative properties of KT against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.904-912
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• 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cordycepin-increased Cordyceps militaris strain on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) based on six dietary categories: normal (N), $CCl_4$ control (C), $CCl_4$ plus Paecilomyces japonica (CPJ) (3%, w/w), $CCl_4$ plus C. militaris (CCM) (3%, w/w), and $CCl_4$ plus cordycepin-increased C. militaris ($CCM{\alpha}$) (3%, w/w). The activities of the liver marker enzymes ALT, AST, and LDH and the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, but these parameters were significantly decreased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. The TBARS content in the liver homogenate, microsome, and mitochondrial fractions of the C group was significantly elevated compared with the N group. However, in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, $CCM{\alpha}$ group was significantly lowered in the TBARS levels of hepatic homogenate and microsomal fractions. The C group showed a significant decrease in the levels of plasma and hepatic glutathione, whereas they were significantly increased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. Accordingly, cordycepin-increased C. militaris may be an ideal animal model for studying hepatoprotective effects.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 1997

A water-soluble DDB derivative (Bis{2-(methylamino)ethyl}-4,4-dimethoxy-5,5',6,6'-dimethylenedioxy-biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate, DDB-S) was synthesized and its therapeutic effects on the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats were evaluated. Oral administration of DDB-S reduced the aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities and increased total protein and albumin contents in the serum of the carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rat. Therapeutic effects of DDB-S by intravenous injection was also investigated using carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Histological studies showed that IV injection of DDB-S had improved the typical necrosis around centrilobular area in liver tissue due to the carbon tetrachloride intoxication and also prevented the elevation of liver weigh/body weight ratio. IV administration of DDB-S to $CCl_4-treated$ rats significantly decreased AST & ALT activities and also prevented the decrease of aniline hydroxylation activity of the liver. These results indicate that i.v. administration of DDB-S is very effective in recovering the liver function in $CCl_4-treated$ rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1996

The effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia on CC1$_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Cimicifuga heracleifolia has been used to diaphoresis, antipyretics and detoxification in oriental remedy. We examined the effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia methanol extract by blood chemical analysis and histopathologic examination. ALT and AST were decreased by 38% and 67% in pretreatment group of Cimicifuga heracleifolia compared to CC1$_4$control group respectively. There were significant changes neither in total protein, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol nor in BUN and creatinine. In histopathologic examination, there were severe necrosis and hemorrhage with infiltration of inflammatory cells around the central vein, zone 3 in the liver of CC1$_4$ treated rat. Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes were frequently noted in the periphery of the hemorrhagic necrosis. In Cimicifuga heracleifolia pretreatment group, we observed mild degree of ballooning degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. No gross necrosis was observed. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) formation by TBA method. It showed that the formation of MDA in Cimicifuga heracleifolia pretreatment group was decreased compared to the $CCl_4$control group. We got the result of the effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia on CC1$_4$-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing serum ALT and AST. It seems that the decrease of lipid peroxidation is related to the recovery effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.896-901
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of succinic acid of Succiniter against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. After an adaptation period of one week, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered succinic acid of Succiniter at 200 mg/kg every day for 21 days. Then $CCl_4$ (3.3 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats of the other groups except the normal group, five hours after the last treatment of succinic acid of Succiniter on day 21. The succinic acid-treated group showed 93.20% and 88.76% of inhibitory effects in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group showed inhibition of malonedialdehyde (MDA) by 85.17% compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate promoted effects of 38.65% and 47.99% in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. In conclusion, the AST and ALT activities of the succinic acid-treated group were both decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The MDA level of the succinic acid-treated group was decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. However, the SOD and CAT levels of the succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate were both increased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. Also, histological examinations showed that the liver cell necrosis and centrilobular congestion aggregation induced by $CCl_4$ were clearly eliminated by treatment with succinic acid of Succiniter. These results suggest that succinic acid of Succiniter has a protective effect against liver damage and could be used in the development of the appropriate drug.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.516-520
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Semisulcospira libertina and garlic on the acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$) of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200∼220g were pretreated with dehydrated powder of Semisulcospira libertina (2.1 g/kg, po; SL) and dehydrated powder mixture of Semisulcospira libertina and garlic (3g/kg, 7:3 ratio, po; SG) once daily for 3 consecutive days, and then given a single dose of CCl$_4$(1g/kg in 5ml/kg corn oil, po) and liver function was determined 24 hrs later. Liver damage was assessed by quantitating activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as by histopathological examination. Pretreatments with SL and SG significantly decleased CCl$_4$-elevated ALT (48% and 61% respectively), AST (32% and 47%) and SDH (51% and 76%), but had no effect on ALP. SL and SG had revealed hepatoprotective effects against CCl$_4$-induced histopathological changes such as severe necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion in the central gene of hepatic lobule. These findings demonstrate that SL and SG may haute the hepatoprotective effect on CCl$_4$-induced liver damage.