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The Seasonal on Sodium and Potassium Intakes, and Their Metabolisms of Preschool Children in Korea -Add Other Electrolyes : Calcium, Phosphours and Magnesium- (한국 미취학 아동의 Sodium과 Potassium의 계절별 영양대사에 관한 연구 -기타 전해질 : Calcium, Phosphorus 및 Magnesium을 첨가하여-)

  • 이기렬
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.305-316
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    • 1988
  • The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of the dietary nutrients to blood pressure among preschool children in Seoul and to concurrently study the effect of seasonal variance on the aforementioned relationship. The subjects of the study consisted of 203 preschool children aged four to six years. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, pulse rate and blood pressure, urinary excretion of five cations(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg), creatinine and urea nitrogen and dietary questionaires concerning sodium, potassium calcium and phosphorus were taken during the two periods of summer(Aug. 1986)and winter(Feb, 1987). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The daily urinary excretion of five cations, creatinine and urea nitrogen is summer and winter was as follows; The sodium content was 57.8 mEq in the summer and 59.4 mEq in the winter ; potassium 20.4 mEq and 23.0 mEq, respectively ; calcium, 5.5 mEq and 3.6 mEq, respectively ; and phosphorus, 27.4 mEq and 19.9 mEq, respectively. Only calcium and phosphours excretions in the urine showed significant differences per season(p<0.05). 2) The average dietary intake per day of sodium was 2349mg in the summer and 2155mg in the winter ; potassium consumption was 1425mg in the summer and 1448mg in the winter ; intake of calcium was 472mg in the summer and 500mg in the winter ; and phosphours consumption was 642mg in the summer and 634mg in hte winter. The sodium-to-potassium consumption ratio 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, in the summer and in the winter and the calcium-to-phosphorus ration was 0.7 in the summer and 0.8 in the winter. The dietary calcium intake showed significant differences between the seasons. 3) The principal source of sodium consumption among preschool children was from seasoning-including talbe salt, soy sauce and instant sauce-which accounted for higher then 45% of the sodium intake in both seasons. The main source of potassium was frutis and vegetables which accounted for 29.6% of the potassium intake in the summer and 25.7% in the winter. Milk and milk products were the primary dource of calcium(higher then 40% in both seasons) 4) In the summer, urinary phosphours levels were weakly reated to systolic blood pressures. (0.05

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Development of Soil Binder Using Plant Extracts (식물추출액을 이용한 지반 고결제 개발)

  • Park, Sung-Sik;Choi, Sun-Gyu;Nam, In-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents an environment-friendly sand cementation method by precipitating calcium carbonate using plant extracts. The plant extracts contain urease like $Sporosarcina$ $pasteurii$, which can decompose urea into carbonate ion and ammonium ion. It can cause cementation within sand particles where carbonate ions decomposed from urea combine with calcium ions dissolved from calcium chloride or calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate. Plant extracts, urea and calcium chloride or calcium hydroxide were blended and then mixed with Nakdong River sand. The mixed sand was compacted into a cylindrical specimen and cured for 3 days at room temperature ($18^{\circ}C$). Unconfined compression test, SEM and XRD analyses were carried out to evaluate three levels of urea concentration and two different calcium sources. As urea concentration increased, the unconfined compressive strength increased up to 10 times those without plant extracts because calcium carbonate precipitated more, regardless of calcium source. It was also found that the strength of specimen using calcium chloride was higher than that of specimen using calcium hydroxide.

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL CALCIUM FROM SEAWEEDS

  • Lawlor Susan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2001.12a
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2001
  • As dietary intakes levels of Calcium decrease below those recommended by health authorities the incidence of Osteoporosis is set to continue to rise. To address this issue it is becoming necessary to fortify regularly consumed foods such as cereals, biscuits etc. with ingredients such as AquaCal. AquaCal is a natural, organic source of calcium that is produced from calcified seaweed, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion and can be utilised for Calcium and magnesium supplementation in a broad range of foods and beverages. AquaCal presents a great potential over other calcium sources because of its porous structure and it composition associating key minerals as calcium, magnesium and boron in addition to being neutral in taste in applications. Once consumed the efficacy of AquaCal must then be verified therefore a bioavailability a comparative feeding study to assess effects of AquaCal on bone density was carried out. There was no significant difference in bioavailability based on calcium absorption between AquaCal and Limestone however the weights of the femurs of the animals fed AquaCal did significantly increase over the group fed Limestone. As a natural and organic mineral AquaCal has many different fields of application.

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Calcium Ionization Characteristics and In vitro Bioavailability Derived from Natural Calcium Sources (천연칼슘소재의 이온화 특성 및 In vitro 칼슘 이용률)

  • Jang, Se-Young;Jeong, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.497-504
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    • 2013
  • This study examined the characteristics of ionized calcium and in vitro calcium bioavailability rate of calcium from four natural sources: shellfish shell, oyster shell, starfish, egg shell. The levels of dissolved calcium and calcium ions increased at different concentrations of natural calcium (up to 8.0% (w/v)). However, there were insignificant differences in the levels of dissolved calcium and calcium ions between samples at calcium concentrations above 8.0% (w/v). In addition, no significant differences were observed (depending on the calcium source and concentration) with an ionization yield of about 90%. The temperature of the solutions also had little influence on the ionization of calcium. The highest calcium ion content was observed when solutions were left to dissolve calcium for 18 hours. The highest in vitro calcium bioavailability rate achieved among the different calcium solutions was BS (67.3%), with overall bioavailability rates about two times higher than the rates observed in commercially sold calcium supplements and natural calcium. In addition, the in vitro calcium bioavailability rate for ionized calcium in market milk, soy milk, and orange juice was more than twice as high as calcium carbonate. Overall, we expect a high and diverse bioavailability of ionized calcium from natural resources.

Synthesis of calcium phosphates from abalone shells via precipitation (전복패각을 침전법의 원료로 이용한 calcium phosphates의 합성)

  • Moon, Sung Wook;Lee, Byeong Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.143-149
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    • 2020
  • Calcium phosphates recognized as important bio-materials have been successfully synthesized by simple precipitation using waste abalone shells, which are rich mineral sources of calcium. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) originated from abalone shells was used as calcium source (precursor) for the preparation. Synthesis of calcium phosphates was performed by reacting calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in aqueous solution. The initial precursor Ca/P ratios were adjusted to 1.50, 1.59 and 1.67, and the effect of the composition and the heat treatment on the synthesized powders and sintered bodies was investigated. The phases of the sintered ceramics prepared at 1150℃ were hydroxyapatite (HAp), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and biphasic phosphate (HAp with β-TCP)), which were determined by the initial precursor Ca/P ratios. The results demonstrate the possibility for the synthesis of high value-added calcium phosphates from economical starting materials with low cost and high availability.

The effect of ethanol on zinc, calcium and copper concentrations of tissues in rats (Rat에 있어서 ethanol투여가 체조직의 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Keun-woo;Lee, Hyun-beom
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 1989
  • This study was designed in order to clarify the effect of ethanol drinking on the mineral contents on liver, kidney, muscle and hair. Forty-five rats were divided into 2 groups and a control group. The control group received tap water and the other 2 groups were given 8% and 40% ethanol as drinking source. Liver, kindney, muscle and hair samples were taken and analyzed for zinc, calcium and copper contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods. The results obtained are summrized as follows; 1. The zinc content of muscle showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in both groups. 2. The calcium content of hair showed significant (p<0.1) increase in 8% ethanol group. 3. The copper contents of kidney and muscle in 8% ethanol group and liver in 40% ethanol group showed significant (p<0.1) decrease.

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A Study on Fourth Group of Basic Food Groups(Source of Calcium) (기초식품군중(基礎食品群中).제사군(第四群)(칼슘급원(給源)) 연구(硏究))

  • Park, Kui-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 1979
  • As a preliminary study to estimate the amount of daily calcium intake of Korean people, the present study was conducted investigating the kinds and amount of food among ordinary Korean food considered to be sources of calcium. The author sampled arbitrarily a total of 165 apartment households in Pusan City which were distributed in seven administration sections. Duration of this study was eight months, from June, 1975 to February, 1976. During summer vacation in this period twenty trained students visited these households where they measured the calcium source food at dinner, and three times this amount was regarded as the total daily intake. Also questionairs itemizing the various kinds of food which were considered to be sources of calcium were given to housewives and collected about two months later. The results are summarized as follows: The major sources of calcium food were milk and anchovy, and the total calcium content taken daily was an average 195.06 mg which was far smaller than the recommended standard. Cooking methods varied according to the kinds of food; for anchovy, the boiled water extract or the part remaining after removing bone and head was used, and for chopped cattle bone, the broth from boiling foe 5 to 6 hours was used. For boiled water extract, during extraction the amount of calcium was increased in the water but smaller than foe fresh anchovy. It is, therefore, desirable to cook and eat edible fish bone instead of discarding it after extraction. The amount of calcium of shrimp and whitebait consumed was considerably less than that of milk or anchovy. Most housewives, about 71%, discarded fish bones which contained a lot of calium before or after cooking them. So, it was considered necessary to find a good method of preparing fish so that it can be eaten palatably together with the bones.

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TRPC-Mediated Current Is Not Involved in Endocannabinoid-Induced Short-Term Depression in Cerebellum

  • Chang, Won-Seok;Kim, Jun;Kim, Sang-Jeong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 2012
  • It has been reported that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) can mediate endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression of synaptic transmission in cerebellar parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse. mGluR1 has signaling pathways involved in intracellular calcium increase which may contribute to endocannabinoid release. Two major mGluR1-evoked calcium signaling pathways are known: (1) slow-kinetic inward current carried by transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel which is permeable to $Ca^{2+}$; (2) $IP_3$-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium store. However, it is unclear how much each calcium source contributes to endocannabinoid signaling. Here, we investigated whether calcium influx through mGluR1-evoked TRPC channel contributes to endocannabinoid signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells. At first, we applied SKF96365 to inhibit TRPC, which blocked endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression completely. However, an alternative TRP channel inhibitor, BTP2 did not affect endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression although it blocked mGluR1-evoked TRPC currents. Endocannabinoid signaling occurred normally even though the TRPC current was mostly blocked by BTP2. Our data imply that TRPC current does not play an important role in endocannabinoid signaling. We also suggest precaution in applying SKF96365 to inhibit TRP channels and propose BTP2 as an alternative TRPC inhibitor.

Energy Value of Carbohydrate and Lipids with Added Calcium for Growing Mice

  • Khalil, Dania A.;Owens, Fredric N.;Hanson, Christa F.
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.100-104
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    • 2000
  • The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.

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Variation of Mineral Compositions in the Regional, Varietal, and Seasonal Mulberry Leaves

  • Kim, Iksoo;Lee, Heui-Sam;Kim, Jin-Won;Yang, Bo-Kyung;Ahn, Mi-Young;Kim, Doh-Hoon;Ryu, Kang-Sun
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content in the regional, varietal and seasonal mulberry leaves. On average, mulberry leaf samples contained minerals in the order of potassiumi phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and so on (2.494 g/100 g, 2.255 g/100 g, 1.835 g/100 g, 0.627 g/100 g, 0.0245 g/100 g DW, respectively). Calcium content was 19-fold and 4-fold higher than that of green tea and spinach, respectively, suggesting that mulberry loaves appear to be a calcium-rich food source. In the comparison of geographic samples of Cheongilppong variety, calcium bevel was highest in Youngchun sample (2.477 g/100 g) and highest potassium level in Suwon sample (2.962 g/100 g). In the geographic samples of YK209 variety, Jinju-City sample was highest in calcium content (1.509 g/100 g). Among wild mulberry loaves collected from Cheju Island and Tsushima, potassium level was highest in Bongge-dong, Cheiu City (3.865 g/100 g) and calcium level in Mitshshima Town, Tsushima (2.948 g/100 g). In the comparison of varietal samples collected in Suwon at the mulberry field of Dept. of Sericulture & entomology, Shinkwangppong variety was highest in the potassium levels although Keryangppong and Shinkwangppong were higher in calcium revel. In the comparison of seasonal samples of Cheongilppong, there was a rough trend of increase in some minerals up to July (e.g., calcium rind )potassium). Finding of the highest calcium and potassium contents in the wild mulberry (3.865 g/100 g and 2.948 g/100 g, respectively) rather than in the cultivated ones warrant that more focus should be paid to wild mulberry leaves to utilize their minerals effciently.

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