• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines. TRAIL selectively induces apoptotic cell death in various tumors and cancer cells, but it has little or no toxicity in normal cells. Agonism of TRAIL receptors has been considered to be a valuable cancer-therapeutic strategy. However, more than 85% of primary tumors are resistant to TRAIL, emphasizing the importance of investigating how to overcome TRAIL resistance. In this report, we have found that nemadipine-A, a cell-permeable L-type calcium channel inhibitor, sensitizes TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to this ligand. Combination treatments using TRAIL with nemadipine-A synergistically induced both the caspase cascade and apoptotic cell death, which were blocked by a pan caspase inhibitor (zVAD) but not by autophagy or a necrosis inhibitor. We further found that nemadipine-A, either alone or in combination with TRAIL, notably reduced the expression of survivin, an inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family of proteins. Depletion of survivin by small RNA interference (siRNA) resulted in increased cell death and caspase activation by TRAIL treatment. These results suggest that nemadipine-A potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis by down-regulation of survivin expression in TRAIL resistant cells. Thus, combination of TRAIL with nemadipine-A may serve a new therapeutic scheme for the treatment of TRAIL resistant cancer cells, suggesting that a detailed study of this combination would be useful.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2000

Cement-bonded particleboard is being used as outdoor siding material all over the world, because this composite particularly bears a light weight, high resistance against fire, decay, and crack by cyclic freezing and thawing, anti-shock property, and strength enhancement. Construction systems are currently changing into a frame-building style and wooden houses are being constructed with prefabrication type. Therefore, they require a more durability at outdoor-exposed sides. In this study, the cement hydration property for Korean pine particle, Japanese larch particle and face- and middle layer particles (designated as PB particle below) used in Korean particleboard-manufacturing company was investigated, and the rapid manufacturing characteristics of cement-bonded particleboard by supercritical $CO_2$ curing was evaluated. Korean pine flour showed a good hydration property, however, larch flour showed a bad one. PB particle had a better hydration property than larch flour. The addition of $Na_2SiO_3$ indicated a negative effect on hydration, however, $MgCl_2$ had a positive one. Curing by supercritical $CO_2$ fluid gave a conspicuous enhancement in the performances of cement-bonded particleboards compared to conventional curing. $MgCl_2$ 3%-added PB particle had the highest properties, and $MgCl_2$ 1%-added Korean pine particle had the second class with the conditions of cement/wood ratio of 2.7, a small fraction-screened particle and supercritical curing. On the contrary, the composition of non-hammermilled or large fraction-screened particle at cement/wood ratio of 2.2 was poorer. Also, the feasibility for actual use of 3%-added, small PB particle-screened fraction was greatest of all the conventional curing treatments. Relative superiority of supercritical curing vs. conventional curing at dimensional stability was not so apparent as in strength properties. Through the thermogravimetric analysis, it was ascertained that the peak of a component $CaCO_3$ was highest, and the two weak peaks of calcium silicate hydrate and ettringite and $Ca(OH)_2$ were present in supercritical treatment. Accordingly, it was inferred that the increased formation of carbonates in board contributes to strength enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2012

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

The anti-diabetic effect of green tea fermented by cheonggukjang was evaluated using KK-$A^y$ mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Over a 90 day testing period, food and water intake decreased significantly in the group fed fermented green tea (FGT) and a group fed commercially available health functional food (PC), when compared with a diabetic control group (DC). The blood glucose levels of FGT mice were lower than in DC mice throughout the test period and were similar to the levels in PC after 60 days. Levels of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and insulin resistance were lower in mice of the FGT group than in mice of the DC group. DNA microarray analysis showed that administration of FGT increased the abundance of 12 mRNA transcripts related to diabetes. Whereas FGT increased hexokinase transcripts related to glycolysis more than 37 fold, levels of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1) and Cacna1e (calcium channel) transcripts increased more than 1.8 fold.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2018

Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between nutrition intake, meal quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Koreans with metabolic syndrome. The 2,536 subjects, aged 19~64, who participated in 2015 National Nutrition Survey were included in this study. The 24-hour recall method was employed to analyze nutrition intake and dietary quality. Subjects were grouped into either the non-metabolic syndrome group (n=1,938) or the metabolic syndrome group (n=598). Total males and females were divided into 3 groups according to the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level to study its relationship to metabolic syndrome and its components, including odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Results showed the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in the metabolic syndrome group (3.37) than non-metabolic syndrome group (1.57) (p<0.001). In the Index of Nutrition Quality, males in the non-metabolic syndrome group showed higher niacin (p<0.05) than males in metabolic syndrome group. Females in the non-metabolic syndrome group had higher vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001), niacin (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.001), and phosphate (p<0.01). Female in the high hs-CRP group showed high OR in blood glucose component (OR 2.488, 95% CI: 1.269~4.879) and metabolic syndrome risk (OR 2.856, 95% CI: 1.292~6.314). Females in the middle hs-CRP group had high triglycerides component (OR 2.956, 95% CI: 1.920~4.551), compared to the low hs-CRP group. The study showed females with higher hs-CRP had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2015

For the cost down of polymer concrete, It is very important to reduce the use amount of polymer binder, which occupies most of the production cost of polymer concrete. Fly ash and atomizing reduction steel slag are spherical materials obtained from industrial by-products. Spherical atomizing reduction steel slag was manufactured using steel slag from reduction process of ladle furnace by atomizing technology. To investigate the physical properties of polymer concrete, polymer concrete specimens were prepared with the various proportions of polymer binder and replacement ratios of atomizing steel slag. Results showed that compressive and flexural strengths of the specimens were remarkably increased with the addition amount of polymer binder and the replacement ratios of atomizing steel slag. In the hot water resistance test, compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density and average pore diameter decreased but total pore volume and pore diameter increased. We found that polymer concrete developed in this study reduced the amount of polymer binder by 18.2% compared to the conventional product because of the remarkable improvement of workability of polymer concrete using spherical fly ash and atomizing reduction steel slag instead of calcium carbonate (filler) and river sand (fine aggregate).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Chloride ion, which penetrates into the cement composites from the outside, generally diffuses by the concentration gradient. Chloride ions are adsorbed by the chemical reaction with cement hydrates. Recent studies have shown that anion exchange resin (AER) powder can effectively adsorb the chloride ion in the cement composites, and thus, the cement composites containing AER have a high chloride adsorption capacity and a good resistance for chloride penetration. In this study, the chloride adsorption ability of the AER powder was investigated under the conditions of distilled water and calcium hydroxide saturated solution to determine if the AER powder is less effective to increase the chloride adsorption ability after grinding process. The chloride adsorption ability of AER powder was compared with the previous research about the chloride adsorption of AER bead. In addition, the compressive strength, chloride diffusion coefficient (using NT Build 492 method), and the chloride profile of cement mortar substituted with AER powder were investigated. There was no decrease in the chloride adsorption capacity of AER powder but increase in the kinetic property for chloride adsorption after the grinding process. The AER powder could absorb the chloride ion in the mortar quickly, and showed better chloride ion adsorption ability than the cement hydrates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.389-396
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• 2014

The set accelerator used for shotcrete at high pH environment often causes the dusting problem in practice. In this research, a slurry-type set accelerator was developed to avoid this problem and its effectiveness was investigated by applying it to shotcrete mortars. Set time, stiffening, compressive strength, and chloride ion penetration resistance were examined with different amounts of slag, used as partial replacement of cement. According to the experimental results, it was found that the earlier responses such as set time, stiffening, and 1-day compressive strength were probably affected by the amount of ettringite, formulated by the hydration between C12A7 and calcium sulfate polymorphs present in blast furnace slag. Whereas, it is believed that the result of compressive strength after 3 days was attributed to the hydration of tricalcium silicates. As for the results of a chloride ion penetration test, the partial replacement of cement with slag significantly reduced the total charge passed through the shotcrete mortar.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.200-207
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• 2019

Cement is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction and civil engineering industry. However, emissions of carbon dioxide generated during the production of cement have been linked to climate change and environment pollutants. In order to replace cement, many studies have been actively performed research to utilizing Blast Furnace Slag(BFS), which is a byproduct of the steel industry. This study aims to investigate the physiochemical properties of the BFS powder based grout to determine whether it can be used as an environment-friendly grout material. As a fine powder, BSF can be used instead of cement grout due to its potential hydraulic property. BSF has also been known for its ability to strengthen materials long-term and to densify the internal structure of concrete. In order to investigate the physicochemical properties of the BFS powder based grout as a grout material, in this study assessment tests were performed through a gel-time measurement, uniaxial compressive strength, and chemical resistance tests, and heavy-metal leaching test. Characteristics and advantages of the slag were studied by comparing slag and cement in various methods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to study about influenced inorganic element contents of flag leaf and chaff with different nitrogen and silicate application in Jinan (sea level 303m). The recommended rate of fertilizer application above N 15kg/10a was poor for dry production increment in cold in July elevation and was demanded increment of silicate. In the elevation of cold in July high rates of nitrogen application produced more incomplete grain and a reduced cold tolerance. These effects were due to over-content of soluble nitrogen within flag leaf and disturbance of uptaking potassium and silicate. On the other hand, the application of silicate could increase yield by promoting resistance to cold- damage. The application of increasing level of nitrogen resulted in increasing the contents of total nitrogen and phosphate in both sterile and fertile glumes. The contents of potassium and calcium were the highest at the level of nitrogen 10 - 15kg/10a, but magnessium was rather high at low nitrogen levels. It is interesting that at any level of nitrogen, over 6% higher silicate contents were noted in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff. Application of increasing level of silicate fertilizer decreased total nitrogen contents, but increased the contents of phosphate, potassium. and silicate in the chaff. Increasing rate of silicate content by increasing silicate addition was remarkably higher in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff.