• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium. serum estrogen level and physical activity on the bone status of 116 healthy elderly women living in urban area. Current calcium intake was assessed by convenient method(refered to as Ca intake) and calcium containing food frequency method(refered to as Ca index) Daily activity record was used for the estimation of physical activity level, and serum estrogen level was measured from fasting blood of subjects. The rate of bone resorption was evaluated by the determination of hydroxyproline(Hpr) in fasting urine with correction for creatinine excretion. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Average daily Ca intake of subjects was 621.4$\pm$155.8mg, which is above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However 44.8% of the subjects consumed Ca below RDA level. Ca index score was significantly correlated with the bone status(P<0.05), Ca intake did not show significant correlation with the bone status although a positive trend of influence was evident. 2) Average serum estrogen level of subjects was 18.7$\pm$9.8pg Contrary to our anticipation. estrogen level did not show any significant relation to age and bone status. 3) Daily physical activity was classified into four categories by activity intensity : sedentary. moderate, active and severe. The average physical activity of subjects belong to moderate level. and the bone status was significantly related to the physical activity(P<0.01) 4) Among other influential factors such as age, pocket-money. family type. drinking, smoking and BMI, there was a significant difference between bone status and BMI(P<0.05). 5) Multiple regression analysis of variables showed that physical activity has greater effect than other variables when the entire subjects were taken into account. However. eliminating the subjects whose bone status rated as excellent(Hpr/cr<0.009), Ca index showed higher correlation than physical activity. These results have demonstrated that dietary calcium intake is the primary important factor for keeping good bone health and that bone status of subjects with a sufficient calcium intake is affected by various factors such as physical activity, age, smoking. BMI and others.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effects of calcium administration on the blood coagulation mechanism through APTT in the calf. Five male calves (70~90 kg) were used in this experiment. In the control group, heparinized normal saline (1 IU/kg/min) had been infusing into the jugular vein for 100 minutes. For the analysis of calcium effects on the APTT, the same solutions had been infusing during the first 40 minutes, subsequently the solution including calcium gluconate (3.3 mg/ml/min) had been infusing for 60 minutes. Blood samples were serially collected every 10 minutes for the APTT and platelets count and every 20 minutes for the calicum level during the infusion. In the calcium-treated group, after 70 minutes the APTT ratio (APTT heparin/APTT baseline) was higher than the therapeutic range. APTT was significantly increased at 50, 60 and 70 minutes in the calcium-treated group as compared to the control group (p<0.01). In the control group, calcium level was decreased significantly after heparin infusion (p<0.01). The platelet count was gradually decreased without significant variation in the both control and calcium-treated groups. These results suggested that APTT is slightly increased in combined heparin and calcium administration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the calcium intake on lipid profile and antioxidant capacities in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups and fed diet with different levels of calcium (low 0.1%, adequate 0.5%, high 1.5%) for 4 weeks. The half of rats in each group was ovariectomized and the others were sham-operated. And rats were fed same diets for 8 weeks after operation. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly higher in OVX group than those in sham-operated. Serum HDL-cholesterol was the highest in high-calcium group of OVX. Hepatic triglyceride of low-calcium group in sham-operated was the highest, while that of highcalcium group in OVX was the highest. Hepatic activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. Hepatic TBARS level was the lowest in high-calcium group of OVX. And hepatic level of TBARS induced by AAPH was significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. These results may indicate that the high calcium intake have the potential role to improve lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities in OVX rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.371-380
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the electrocardiographic changes in experimentally induced hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in Korean black goats by dosing with 5% disodiumethylene diamine tetraacetic acid at 0.07$m\ell$/kg body weight/min and 10% Ca-borog-luconate at 0.075 $m\ell$/kg body weight/min, respectively. the result were summarized as follows： Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at 3.23 ${\pm}$ 0.10mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypocalcemia) were increased to 100${\pm}$10.5 rate/min, 132 ${\pm}$10msec and 510${\pm}$40msec, respectively. Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-T interval at 6.89${\pm}$0.23mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypercalcemia) were decreased to 73.2${\pm}$5.16 rate/min, 87${\pm}$10msec and 372${\pm}$30msec, respectively. The degree of changes of the heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at low plasma calcium level was higher than those at high plasma calcium level.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content in the regional, varietal and seasonal mulberry leaves. On average, mulberry leaf samples contained minerals in the order of potassiumi phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and so on (2.494 g/100 g, 2.255 g/100 g, 1.835 g/100 g, 0.627 g/100 g, 0.0245 g/100 g DW, respectively). Calcium content was 19-fold and 4-fold higher than that of green tea and spinach, respectively, suggesting that mulberry loaves appear to be a calcium-rich food source. In the comparison of geographic samples of Cheongilppong variety, calcium bevel was highest in Youngchun sample (2.477 g/100 g) and highest potassium level in Suwon sample (2.962 g/100 g). In the geographic samples of YK209 variety, Jinju-City sample was highest in calcium content (1.509 g/100 g). Among wild mulberry loaves collected from Cheju Island and Tsushima, potassium level was highest in Bongge-dong, Cheiu City (3.865 g/100 g) and calcium level in Mitshshima Town, Tsushima (2.948 g/100 g). In the comparison of varietal samples collected in Suwon at the mulberry field of Dept. of Sericulture & entomology, Shinkwangppong variety was highest in the potassium levels although Keryangppong and Shinkwangppong were higher in calcium revel. In the comparison of seasonal samples of Cheongilppong, there was a rough trend of increase in some minerals up to July (e.g., calcium rind )potassium). Finding of the highest calcium and potassium contents in the wild mulberry (3.865 g/100 g and 2.948 g/100 g, respectively) rather than in the cultivated ones warrant that more focus should be paid to wild mulberry leaves to utilize their minerals effciently.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2004

The calcium ionophore (A23187) has been used for activation of porcine oocytes from in vitro maturation by many researches. The signaling of calcium was known to be a primary factor of activation of MII oocyte by calcium ionophore. The calcium level was measured by an intensity of fluo 4 fluorescence and confocal microscope. The level was increased by 7% ethanol or 70 μM calcium ionophore but oscillation was not found. (omitted)

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the interaction of dietary wheat bran and dietary calcium levels n)n calcium utilization in post-breeding female rats. It was designed to compare the effects of four different levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) of wheat bran and two different levels (0.5 and 1%) of calcium on bone and calcium balance in post-breeding female rats over a ten-week period. The effects of diet on animal weight gain, serum calcium, femur weight, femur calcium concentration, bone mass and calcium balance were determined and statistically analyzed. The addition of 20% wheat bran significantly (p$\leq$0.05) decreased the weight gain of rats. Serum calcium and bone calcium contents were more affected by dietary calcium level than by dietary wheat bran level. There was no significant difference in fat-free solid, ash, percentage of ash to fat-free solid and percentage of calcium to ash among groups. Groups fed the 1% calcium diet had a higher percentage of calcium to fat-free solid. All rats were in positive calcium balance during the three-4ay experimental period. The average calcium balance of the rats fed 1% calcium diet ranged from 25.34 to 53.90mg and the average calcium balance of the rats fed the 0.5% calcium diet ranged from 26.71 to 32.90mg. In rats receiving 2.5% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was only 1.37mg, which was not significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. In rats receiving 20% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was 19.S7mg, which was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. The addition of wheat bran caused an increase in the calcium balance of the rats adminslesed the 1% calcium diet. On the other hand, the addition of wheat bran had no effect on the calcium balance of the rats adminislesed the 0.5% calcium diet. In conclusion, calcium utilization of rats wire more positively affected by the interaction of both dietary wheat bran levels and dietary calcium levels than either dietary wheat bran levels or dietary calcium levels alone. Moderate wheat bran consumption did not interfere with the calcium metabolism of rats when calcium intake was high enough.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2007

Purposes: This study was designed to explore the stage distribution of subjects according to stage of change for calcium intake and for exercise, and to identify factors that could discriminate among subjects in various stages. Methods: The sample consisted of 142 subjects who had taken bone mineral densitometry tests. The instruments used in this study were the Stage Placement Instrument for Calcium Intake and Exercise, the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, and the Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using chi square, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis by using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: For calcium stages, economic level, calcium knowledge, positive social norms for calcium intake, & educational level showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. For exercise stages, exercise efficacy, susceptibility, exercise benefit, educational level, positive social norm to exercise, educational level, and exercise barrier showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. Conclusion: This study implies that bone mass promoting program incorporating a stages of change model can be applied as useful nursing intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the status of calcium intake and serum calcium level in perimenopausal women. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Daily nutrient intake and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by a convenient method and a food frequency questionnaire. At the same time, fasting blood samples were collected and serum calcium concentration was measured. The BMD of subjects was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Fifty percent of the subjects under 50 years of age ($\leq$49 yr group) and 66.9% of the subjects from 50 years and up ($\geq$50 yr group) were classified as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Intake of energy (p<0.001), protein (p<0.05), fat (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.01) was significantly different between $\leq$49 yr group and $\geq$50 yr group. Mean daily intake of calcium was much lower than the Korean RDA : 94.9% in $\leq$49 yr group and 87.4% in $\geq$50 yr group. The average concentration of total calcium in serum was within the normal range in $\leq$49 yr group. Serum calcium concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) different between $\leq$49 yr group and $\geq$50 yr group. It was noteworthy that serum calcium concentration was positively related to the intake of protein, fat and calcium. Lettuce, sea mustard, bean-curd, anchovy, radish and perilla leaf was included among the major sources of dietary calcium. Further investigation is necessary to make sure of the relations between BMD and serum calcium level and calcium intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.266-276
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• 1997

To investigate the effects of dietary protein and calcium levels on calcium and bone metabolism Sprague-Dawley male growing rats weighting approximately 91.4g were divided into four groups and fed one of the following four experimental diets-15% protein 0.2% calcium ; 15% protein 0.5% calcium ; 30% protein 0.2% calcium ; 30% protein 0.5% calcium-for five weeks. Calcium intake and excretion, apparent calcium absorption were measured and bone densities and mineral contents of femur and scapula were analyzed. Calcium excretion through feces and urine was significantly greater in animals receiving diets of higher calcium. Fecal calcium but not urinary calcium excretion was greater when the protein level was increased from 15% to 30%. Apparent calcium absorption rate was significantly higher with lower calcium intakes. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in 0.2% calcium group than in 0.5% calcium group, while urinary hydroxyproline excretion was essentially same among all experimental groups. Weights and mineral contents or protein. Bone weights were greater, but calcium and ash contents of femur and scapula were lower in animals on the diet containing low calcium and high protein, which suggests that bone metabolism may be affected by the interaction between calcium and protein intake. These results indicate that during growth high protein intake might be beneficial to bone health if the diet is sufficient in calcium, however, if the diet fails to provide an optimum amount of calcium, such practice might be detrimental.