• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.334-349
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• 1996

Regeneration of the periodontal tissue destroyed by periodontal disease is one of the final goals of periodontal therapy. In the past few years, periodontists have used various alloplastic grafting materials in an attempt to regenerate bone lost from periodontal disease. These materials have used widely because they have shown to be nontoxic, biologically compatible with surrounding host tissue and chemically similar to bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Porous Resorbable Calcium Carbonate and Porous Replamineform Hydroxyapatite on the regeneration of the alveolar bone and the healing of roots transplanted into the periodontally diseased extraction sockets of dogs. The experimental chronic periodontitis was induced by elastic ligatures on the 2nd and 3rd mandibular premolars of 2 adult dogs for 8weeks after surgically creating periodontal defect. The extracted root were split in half along the long-axis, and the extend of plaque exposure was marked on the root surfaces with burs. The roots were inserted in extraction sockets with Porous Resorbable Calcium Carbonate(PRCC) in left side and with Porous Replaminefrom Hydroxyapatite(PRH) in right side. The flaps were sutured to cover the sockets completely. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks of healing, and the specimens were examined histologically. The results were as follows: 1. No inflammatory reactions were observed in either groups. 2. Hoot resorption was observed in both groups while the general outline of the roots were maintained. 3. PRCC was almost completely resorbed and replaced with new bone, while R.H.A. was not resorbed & remained encased in newly-formed C-T and alveolar bone. 4. PRH was encapsulated with alveolar bone which has been deposited from apical & lateral area of the sockets, while the coronal portion of the sockets were filled with C-T. 5. In both groups, the resorbed portions of the roots were replaced with new bone. These results suggest that either PRCC or PRH may not interfere with bone formation or healing in extraction sockets, and in some degree, retard the root resorption. Because the roots maintained in anatomy, we think that graft materials prevent the root resorption.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2019

Confirming the direct link between neural circuit activity and animal behavior has been a principal aim of neuroscience. The genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI), which binds to calcium ions and emits fluorescence visualizing intracellular calcium concentration, enables detection of in vivo neuronal firing activity. Various GECIs have been developed and can be chosen for diverse purposes. These GECI-based signals can be acquired by several tools including two-photon microscopy and microendoscopy for precise or wide imaging at cellular to synaptic levels. In addition, the images from GECI signals can be analyzed with open source codes including constrained non-negative matrix factorization for endoscopy data (CNMF_E) and miniscope 1-photon-based calcium imaging signal extraction pipeline (MIN1PIPE), and considering parameters of the imaged brain regions (e.g., diameter or shape of soma or the resolution of recorded images), the real-time activity of each cell can be acquired and linked with animal behaviors. As a result, GECI signal analysis can be a powerful tool for revealing the functions of neuronal circuits related to specific behaviors.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2013

지구온난화 원인으로 지목되고 있는 $CO_2$가스를 저감시키기 위한 방안 중의 하나로 칼슘이나 마그네슘 등을 함유하는 천연규산염 광물의 탄산염화가 제안되고 있다. 전기로제강슬래그는 칼슘, 마그네슘 등 을 주성분으로 하는 규산염들로 구성되고 있어, 이 슬래그를 천연규산염 광물 대신에 탄산염화의 대상원료로 사용하면 $CO_2$가스저감은 물론 탄산칼슘과 같은 산업원료를 제조, 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 전기로제강슬래그 탄산염화에 의한 탄산칼슘 제조공정은 칼슘성분의 분리단계와 분리된 칼슘성분의 탄산염화단계로 구성된다. 슬래그 중의 칼슘성분 분리를 위한 초산침출 연구결과는 이미 보고되어 있으며 분리된 침출용액 중의 칼슘이온의 탄산염화는 고압의 $CO_2$가스 하에서도 반응속도가 매우 느린 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보다 효율적인 침출 및 탄산염화 공정의 개발을 위하여 염산수용액 침출에 의한 칼슘성분 분리에 관한 실험을 수행하였으며 그 침출결과를 초산침출 실험결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 용액 중의 $Ca^{2+}$의 $CO_2$가스에 의한 탄산염화 반응에 대한 열역학적 자료를 통하여 용액의 pH에 따른 $Ca^{2+}$과 $CaCO_3$의 phase boundary를 고찰하였다. 슬래그 중의 칼슘성분 분리를 위해서는 염산이 초산에 비하여 더욱 효율적인 침출용매이며, 염산을 침출용매로 사용 시는 침출용액 중의 미반응산의 회수 및 재순환이 유리할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2000

A study on the removal of Pb ion from Pb-contaminated soil was carried out using ex-site extraction process. Tartaric acid (TA) and iminodiacetic acid sodium salt(IDA) as a washing agent were evaluated as a function of concentration reaction time mixing ratio of washing agent and recycling of washing agent. TA showed a better extraction performance than IDA. The optimum washing condition of TA and IDA were in the ratio of 1:15 and 1:20 between soil and acid solution during 1 hr reaction. The total concentrations of Pb ion by TA and IDA at three repeated extraction were 368.8 ppm and 267.5 ppm respectively. The recovery of Pb ion from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide form the precipitation of lead hydroxide and lead sulfide and optimum amounts of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide were 7 g/$\ell$ for the TA washing solution and 4 g/$\ell$, 5g/$\ell$ for the IDA washing solution respectively. The efficiency of recycle for TA and IDA washing solution were 78.8% , 95.1%, and 89.2%, 96.6% at third extractions under $Na_2S$ and $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

한국도시인(韓國都市人)의 식이(食餌) 가운데 Ca 급원식이(給源食餌)의 1일섭취량(日攝取量) 및 실제 섭취(攝取)되고 있는 1일(日) Ca 량(量)을 기초조사(基礎調査)하기 위하여 부산(釜山) 전(全) 산역(山域)에 있는 7개구(個區)의 아파트군(群) 가운데 165가구(家口)를 대상(對象)으로 Ca급원식이(給源食餌)의 종류(種類), 섭취량(攝取量), Ca 함량(含量), 조리법(調理法)등을 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Ca 섭취대상(攝取對象)으로는 멸치와 우유를 주로 섭취하고 있으며 1일(日) Ca급원식품중(給源食品中)의 Ca함량(含量)은 195.06mg으로서 권장량에 상당히 미달(未達)되고 있다. 2. 멸치는 통째 먹는 경우보다 용출시키거나 뼈부분(部分)을 제거(除去)하고 섭취한다. 3. 뱅어포, 새우는 사용빈도가 많지 않았다. 4. 사골은 $5{\sim}6$시간 정도(程度) 용출시켜 섭취하고 있으나 용출시간이 길수록 Ca 용출량이 많았다. 5. 그밖의 생선(生鮮)은 Ca 급원(給源)이라 인정(認定)되는 뼈부분(部分)의 섭취가 거의 안되고 있으므로 뼈를 먹는 조리방법(調理方法)이 개선(改善)되어야 하겠으며 뼈와 동시에 조리(調理)를 하여 결국은 먹지 않음으로해서 버려지는 조미료의 손실도 함께 막아야 될 것 같다. 6. Ca 은 체내흡수(體內吸收)가 용이(容易)하지 않으므로 흡수효과(吸收效果)도 고려한 식품선택(食品選擇) 및 방법(方法)이 권장되어야 하겠다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2007

본 연구는 대부분 매립 처분되고 있는 굴패각을 소성가공을 통한 약상 칼슘제 추출을 목적으로 굴패각의 이화화적인 특성과 열적특성 및 소성가구 후 패각의 특성 등 액상 칼슘제 추출을 위한 기초연구를 수행한 결과 굴패각 분쇄시 입자특성은 시료에 따라 입경의 차이가 큰 자이가 나타났으며, 소성온도에 따른 특성변화는 소성온도가 높을수록, 소성시산이 경과 할수록 무게감소량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 칼슘함량은 소성신간이 경과 할수록, 소성온도가 높을수록 칼슘함량이 증가하는 것으로 나타나 소성온도가 높고, 분말의 입자크기를 작게 할수록 소성가공이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 소성가공된 패각은 식물이 이용할 수 있는 양이온치환능력(CEC) 함량이 30~60배까지 증가하는 하는 것으로 나타나 소성 가공된 굴패각을 식물에 유익한 영양소원으로 재활용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2011

The process of making or cultivating indigo dyes is very cumbersome and complex. The dye extraction and dyeing methods using general plant dye, moth repellent dye, fast acting natural dye, and other dyes are very different. This research investigates the extraction of indigo dye and liquid dye extraction of polygonum(indigo) plants using calcium oxide water. While extracting indigo dye the concentration of purified indigo dye may be controlled by adjusting the pH level. Due to the various uses of dyes the adjustment of surface color must be considered. In regard to the change according to different concentrations of reducing agents, it was found that cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics show the highest color difference at 0.4% and 0.3% respectively. As the reduction temperature increases, the color difference increases as well. The maximum color difference was found to appear at $90^{\circ}C$. Cotton fabrics and ramie fabrics showed 70.55 and 67.01 respectively. The color difference increases as the concentration of dyes increases, but at a concentration of 300%, cotton fabrics was found to show 6.22PB in H value using the Munsell color system, containing purple and blue color. The pH of the polygonum dyes extracted through this experiment were adjusted by adding calcium oxide to the experimental water, without directly adding calcium oxide to the liquid polygonum extract. In a refine state, it was mixed with polygonum extract to extract a more refine and highly concentrated indigo dye. When lye and reducing agents are added to extracted indigo dye and sealed for long-term storage, it can be effective and easily used for dyeing.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

Effects of microwave and ultrasonication on chitin extraction time were investigated in this study. Chitin was extracted from ground crab shell by demineralization in 1.0 N HCl solution at 25$^{\circ}C$ with or without ultrasonication and deproteinization in 1.0 NaOH solution at 100$^{\circ}C$ without ultrasonication and at 70$^{\circ}C$ with ultrasonication. Microwave treatment was also used for deproteinization with 5 min heating and 5 min standing without microwave. The changes in color difference, the contents of ash, calcium and nitrogen were measured during demineralization and deproteinization. Ultrasonication of 4 hr in 1.0 N HCl solution for removal of calcium and 1.5 hr of microwave heating in 1.0 N NaOH for deproteinization corresponded to 6 hr in 0.1 N HCl and 2 hr in 1.0 N NaOH of heating at 100$^{\circ}C$ without those treatments, respectively. The data obtained showed that these treatments were effective reduction of chitin extraction time by 25${\sim}$33% for chitin preparation. The chitin obtained from these ultrasonication and microwave treatments resulted 0.55% of ash, 0.25% of calcium, 2.47% of nitrogen and 20.64% of yield ratio. Those treatments selected were also reduced the darkness development time of the chitin solution during demineralization and deproteinization.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.579-589
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• 1996

이 연구의 목적은 치주질환에 이환된 성견의 치근을 활택술 후 발치와에 이식하였을 때 calcium sulfate 골이식이 치근흡수와 치근유착을 지연시키는가를 알아보고자 하는 것이다.성견의 제2, 제3 소구치 주위의 치조골을 제거하여 분지부를 노출시키고, 8주간 교정사를 결찰하여 실험적 만성치주염을 유발하였다. 치관을 제거하고, 치근을 반분하고, 활택한 후 발치하였다. 발치된 치근을 둘로 나누어 각각을 우측에는 calcium sulfate와 함께, 좌측에는 이식재 없이 이식하였다. 12주간의 치유 후 조직학적으로 관찰하였다. 대조군에서는 흠의 치관쪽으로 치근흡수와 치근유착이 일어났고, 실험군에서는 성견 결합조직과 calcium sulfate가 위치하였던 공간이 관찰 되었고 치근흡수는 지연되었다. 이 연구에 나타난 바에 의하면, 치근 이식시 calcium sulfate 의 사용은 치조골로부터의 육아조직을 배제하고 치근흡수와 치근유착을 지연할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

Mycelial growth of L. edodes by pretreatments of softwood was studied on a sawdust medium. The sawdust used was from the following softwood species : Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. The pretreatment consisted of cold-water (48 h), hot-water (3 h) and steam extractions (3 h) at a ratio of 500 g : 3,000 mL (sawdust : distilled water). The sawdust medium was a mixture of 76% sawdust, 20% rice bran, 3% glucose, 0.4% potassium nitrate and 0.6% calcium carbonate. Following sawdust pretreatments proved most suitable : L. leptolepis (steam extraction), P. densiflora (hot-water extraction) and P. koraiensis (hot-water extraction). Mycelial growth on P. koraiensis sawdust increased in proportion to an increase in hot-water extraction time. Mycelial growth was optimum on the sawdust extracted for 12 hours, hot-water extraction beyond this period proved unsuitable. With the exception of P. densiflora at 100 ㎍/mL, antifungal activity occurred in every sample. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was obtained from following concentration of hot-water extractives : P. densiflora (10⁴ ㎍/mL) and P. koraiensis (10⁴ ㎍/mL). This study has provided useful preliminary information for the cultivation of L. edodes.