• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2319-2323
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• 2007

Introduction of a difluoromethylene group into organic compounds has been observed to impart them with positive properties, as viewed by a wide range of industries. Here, synthesis of 3,3-difluoro-2-pyrrolidone derivatives (7) was accomplished by the reaction of ethyl 2,2-difluoro-4-iodo-4-(trimethylsilyl) butanolate (4) with primary amines followed by desilylation. The key intermediate (4) was prepared from the addition reaction of trimethylvinylsilane (3) to ethyl difluoroiodoacetate (2) in the presence of Cu(0). Ethyl difluoroiodoacetate (2) was prepared starting from ethyl bromodifluoroacetate (1) via Reformatsky-type reaction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate the Cause and Symptom of Ji-Eum ( 支飮 ) by referring to 34 documents. The results were as follow ; 1. Ji-Eum ( 支飮 ) is caused by the Su-Eum ( 水飮 ) storing up thoracic cavity ( 胸中 ), interdiaphragam ( 膈間 ). SimHa ( 心下 ), and stay lung. 2. The symptom of Ji Eum ( 支飮 ) is as follows ; HaeYouk( 咳逆 ), EuySik( 倚息 ), dyspnea( 短氣 ), sleeplessness ( 不得臥 ) edema ( 基形加腫). WhungMan ( 胸滿 ), SimHaChukGey ( 心下築悸 ), GoMoHyun ( 苦冒眩 ), EumSikBulWha ( 飮食不化 ). Pulse HyeonGin ( 弦緊 ). Greasy white coat of tongue.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.10.1-10.5
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• 2016

Setarches longimanus (Alcock 1894), in the family Scorpaenidae, was collected from Busan and the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, in January and November 2014, respectively. Two specimens are characterized by XI, 10 dorsalfin rays; 19-21 pectoralfin rays; III, 5 anal fin rays; a second preopercular spine much shorter than the first and third; and an interorbital width 11.3 %-11.6 % of the standard length. We also analyzed 587 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences in order to confirm the taxonomic status of the specimen. As a result, the sequences of our specimen almost corresponded to those of Chinese S. longimanus (genetic distance, d = 0.005), but considerably differed from those of S. guentheri (d = 0.120-0.124). We propose the new Korean names "Ma-su-gam-peng-sok" for the genus Setarches, and "Bul-geun-ma-su-gam-peng" for the species S. longimanus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 1997

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of zeranol injection on dry matter(DM) and nutrient intake requirement by growth stage of early castrated bull with 3 treatments(bul1, steer, steer+zeranol) with 28 Holstein bull at National Livestock Research Institute. The main results were as follows: DM intake at growing and fatting stage was the highest in steer groups, that the highest in bull groups at finishing stage and overall mean DM intake was 5% lower at steer+zeranol groups compared to bull and steer, respectively. Net energy intake at finishing stage was the highest as 35.49 Mcal at bull groups, while overall mean net energy intake was 101 - 109% of NRC requirement without significant difference. Concentrate intake to body weight was 1.68- 1.82, 1.91 -2.08 and 1.81 -2.05% at growing, fatting and finishing stage, respectively. Overall mean concentrate intake to body weight at steer groups was 1.94%, which is 1.8 and 1.81% higher compared to bull and steer+zeranol groups, respectively. Feed conversion ratio(DM) during overall period was the worst at steer groups as 9.321g, and also net energy conversion ratio was similar to DM conversion ratio.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 2006

Study of east & west medical science documentary records of Hip joint pain lead to following conclusions. 1. Easten medicine classify hip joint pain with terms "Bi-chu-tong", "Bi chu in tong" "Bi-chu-choong-tong". 2. Easten medicine asorts cause of hip joint pain with external factor, such as exogenous energy, six yin evil energy and intrinsic factor, which are weakness caused by prolonged deasease, warm-heat evil. 3. In western medicine, causes that trigger hip joint pain are trauma, fracture, dislocation,and bacterial infection. 4. Treatment of hip joint disorder in western medicine, physiotherapy concerning conservative treatment, and pain control with drug treatment, kinesitherapy are used, and concernig fracture, operation is used. 5. In Eastern medicine, principle of treating hip joint pain, sung-juk-sa-ji(盛則寫之), hu-juk-bo-ji(虛則補之), yul-juk-jil-ji(熱則疾之), han-juk-yu-ji(寒則留之), ham-ha-juk-chim-ji(陷下則沈之), bul-sung-bul-hu(不盛不虛), yi-kyong-chui-ji(以經取之) is presented. This priciple of treatment was descended through ages and is now applied to treatments such as Acupuncture, Herbal, physical treatment based on so-san-eo-hyul(消散瘀血), seo-kun-tong-rak(舒筋通絡), so-ri-kwan-jul(疏利關節) principle. 6. In Eastern medicine, meridians used to treat hip joint pain are The Chok yangmyung wi Kyong(足陽明胃經), Chok taeum bi Kyong(足太陰脾經), Chock soyang dam Kyong(足少陽膽經), Chock guelum gan Kyong(足厥陰肝經). In conclusion, hip joint pain should be considered in relationship with internal organs and whole body system. Western & Eastern point of view should be carefully inspected and connected and intensive study of nervous system and meridian is required, in order to adopt best treatment for the patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 1991

Review of literature on stomachache. According to investigated the pathology of a stomachache about all sorts of falling ill, I have been obtained following conclusions. 1. The cause of Ui Wan Tong are clod-wet-ui wan, sik juk, dam eum, a huy1 be made of gi bul soon (氣不順). 2. Pain of Je sang bu are called jung wan tong, dae bok tong, jung cho tong, cause are sik juk, han sa, chung juk. pain of je ha bu are called so bok tong, hache tong, soh bok tong, so bok are devided two part, one is so eum sin the other is gul eum gan, cause are jo gyul dae jang, yul gyu1 bang kwang, hyul gyul bang kwang, porak hu ect. 3. Pain of je bu are called je bok tong, hwan je e tong, so bok je ju tong, and cause are juk yu1, jo si, dam hwa. Pain of yang hyup bu are called yang hyup ha so bok tong, yang bang ge hyup tong, yang hup jisang tong, cause are ban gi,yang myung jo geom. According to above results, the patholosy of a stomach ache about the part of falling ill in a course of transformation on the epidemic fever comes into the viscera.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study were to investigate the standing balance, dynamic activity in hemiplegic patients according to the types of ankle-foot orthosis(AFO) and to determine the most effective type of AFO for gait training. Method: A prospective study was performed for 16 patients with hemiplegia who was able to walk independently. Static balance and dynamic activity were compared in two condition : 1) barefoot and SPAFO, 2) barefoot and HPAFO. Static balance and dynamic activity characteristics were evaluated by Active Balance while they were standing with in two condition AFO and barefoot. Results: There were significant difference in standing balance between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). There were significant difference in dynamic activity balance between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). There were significant difference in gait speed between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that wearing SPAFO and HPAFO gave fair amount of improvement to balance and gait ability of hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause symptom and treatment of wind-coughing ( 風嗽 ) by referring to 38 literatures. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The factors causing wind-coughing ( 風嗽 ) is wind-air. The 1st factors are mistaking of transport lung-air ( 肺氣不宣 ) and cleaning lung (肺失淸肅). 2. The symptom of wind-coughing ( 風嗽 ) is as follows. Bi Saek Sung Jung ( 鼻塞聲重 ), Gu Gun Hu Yang ( 口乾喉痒 ), A Mi Kung I Hae ( 語未竟而咳 ), Maek Bu ( 脈浮 ), Jeang Han Jang Yul ( 憎寒壯熱 ), Ja Han OU Pung ( 自汗惡風 ), Bun Jo ( 煩躁 ), Bi Ryu Chung Chae ( 鼻流淸?), Ya Jung 11 Jyung ( 夜重日輕 ). 3. The treatment-method of wind-coughing ( 風嗽 ) is as follow. Bal San Bul Ga Ha ( 發散 不可下 ), So Pung San Han ( 疏風散寒 ), Chung Yul ( 淸熱 ), Sun Pae Ji Hae ( 宣肺止咳 ). 4. The treatment-herbs of wind-coughing ( 風嗽 ) is as follow. Kwan Dong Hwa San ( 款冬花散 ), Gun Bi Cho San ( 金沸草散 ), Sam Yo Tang ( 三拗湯 ), Ji Hae San ( 止嗽散 ), Hang So San ( 杏蘇散), Sang Kuk Yeam ( 桑菊飮).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.166-182
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• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause and symptom of Hae su (咳嗽) cause by a cold referring to 25 literature. 1. Cause : wind (風), cold (寒), heat (署), moisture (濕), dryness (燥), fire (火). It appears to cause double and above. 2. Symptoms : PunghanHaeSu (風寒咳嗽) ; HaeSu (咳嗽), Balyul (發熱), DamHueSaegBaeg (痰稀色白), Hu Yang Sung Tag (喉痒聲濁), BiSaegYuChe (鼻塞流涕), OhPungHan (要風寒), DooShinTong (頭身痛), TaeBaqBaeg (笞薄白), Maeg Bu Gin (脈浮緊). PungYeulHaeSu (風熱咳嗽) ; HaeSu (咳嗽), DamJo (痰稠), SaegHwang (色黃), KaegChulBulSang (喀出不痰), KuKallnTong (口瀉咽痛), BalYeul (發熱), OhPungYuHan (要風有肝), HogYuDuTong (或有頭痛), TaeBagHwang (笞薄黃), Maegbusag (脈浮數). JoYeulHaeSu (燥熱咳嗽) ; KunHaeMuDarn (乾咳無痰), HogDamJungDaeHyulSa (或痰中帶血絲), HaelnHungTong (咳引胸痛), BiJolnKun (鼻燥咽乾), pliogyuOhPungBalYeul (或要風發熱), TaeBagHqangIKun (笞薄黃而乾), MaegSeSag (脈細數). 3. Treatment ; PungHanHaeSu ; SoPungSanHan (疏風散寒), Sun PaeJiHae (宣肺止咳), PungYeulHaeSu ; SoPungchungYeul (疏風淸熱), SunPaeJiHae (宣肺止咳), JoYeulHaeSu; CheongPoeYunJo (淸肺潤燥), SaengJinJiHae (生津止咳). Basing on the literature research, I found that Hae Su (咳嗽) caused by a cold belong to category of YugEum(六淫).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2024

The sharks identified in the coastal waters of Korea are known to date to 9 Orders, 21 Families, 32 Genera and 47 Species. Therefore, recent studies and records of shark appearance in Korean waters were reviewed and organized. As a result, Halaelurus buergeri was separated from the Family Scyliorhinidae into the Family Pentanchidae based on the supraorbital crest absent on cranium above eyes. Accordingly, compared to the previous study, Family Pentanchidae, Genus Hexanchus, and 2 Species Hexanchus griseus and the Alopias superciliosus were added, resulting in a total of 49 species of sharks in 9 Orders, 22 Families, and 33 Genera in coastal waters of Korea. A list of these species, a search table, and the history of scientific name changes are provided, and proposed a new Korean name of 'Bul-beom-sang-eo-gwa' of the Family Pentanchidae.