• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

It is important to estimate the capability for the facilities and the condition of schools continually and correctly because the structure's life is remained more longer through the effective building control and preservation. In accordance with above of that, it is required to understand the knowledge about all matters at the stage of management for educational facilities and establish the procedure of the facility management consistently. This research suggests the method, which remains consistent and objective and deals with the total functional degree by following ㄴthe way to systemize the management plan of the facility estimation. The functional estimation of the existing facilities will be useful to make an plan for repair, maintain and checking of them as well as be the standard for remodeling and the educational facility duration, including long period project for building mending.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.464-468
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• 2009

Gelatin nanoparticles derived from bovine or porcine have been developed as various types of drug delivery system, and they need to be cross-linked to maintain their physicochemical properties in aqueous environments. Although gelatin is a widely used material in pharmaceutical industries, the safety issue of animal-origin gelatins, such as transmissible mad cow disease and anaphylaxis, remains to be solved. The purpose of this study was to prepare type A gelatin (GA) nanoparticles by modified, two-step, desolvation method and compare the toxicity of the resulting GA nanoparticles with recombinant human gelatin (rHG) nanoparticles. The GA nanoparticles were characterized, and drug loading and release pattern were measured. FITC-BSA, a model protein, was efficiently loaded in the nanoparticles and then released in a biphasic and sustained release pattern without an initial burst. In particular, the cell viability of the GA nanoparticles was less than that of the rHG nanoparticles. This finding suggests that rHG nanoparticles should be considered as an alternative to animal-origin gelatin nanoparticles in order to minimize the safety problems.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.18-32
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• 1992

The Palaces of Chosen dynasty in Seoul had lost its original features. The external appearance of the buildings that remains in palace nowadays, have got former conditions, but its enteriors are reconstructed or removed So we have a little knowledge of interiors of palace buildings, expecially of the door and window system. To clear up ambiguity of what kinds of door are selected, and sorts of using methods are prevailed, we must persuit from the latest building to the older building, and compare with documents. For that purpose the Chukchodang of Toksu palace is selected, which reconstructed in 1904, and compared with the document published in 1906. The consequence of investigation is that the palace buildings were adopted double or triple window system, and the main room have buffer zones, such as corridors or small rooms. And the main rooms were facing with wall paper, so metal fittings are hidden and wooden surfaces are hardly expose for the purpose of amenity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2021

Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) is the principal binding phase that controls the strength and thermal stability of concrete. However, the effects of high temperature on the lattice structure and interatomic structure of C-S-H remains poorly understood due to its nanocrystallinity. This study aims to elucidate the change in interatomic distance of synthetic C-S-H with different Ca/Si molar ratios after exposure to high temperature via high energy X-ray scattering experiment which is a powerful analytical tool for amorphous materials.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2013

This paper looked into the structure of and changes in the building process of Gijang mountain fortress and its receiving reservoir by analyzing data from an excavation investigation. The structure of the receiving reservoir may be classified into a flat form, stone sheath, floor facility, wall facility, and entry and exit facility. The flat form of the Gijang mountain fortress and receiving reservoir is round. Concerning the sectional form, the wall was obliquely excavated in the trapezoid. As a stone sheath building method, it was built by undertaking a range work of oblong stone materials in a clockwise direction on a stamped soil floor. Then, it was treated with stamping using double layers of gray clay and yellowish brown clay on the floor and the wall. Also, in a space between the stamped layers on the floor, herbal plants and a straw mat were laid for waterproofing as well as to prevent sinking. As an entry and exit facility, two facilities were confirmed symmetrically in the southeast and in the northwest. It is believed that they were built additionally during rebuilding after the initial construction. The building process was revealed to have been carried out in 8 stages. Given the structure and excavated remains, the building period is estimated to be the early to mid 7th century for the initial building, the later 9th to 11th centuries for the primary rebuilding, and the later 16th to early 17th centuries for the secondary rebuilding.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 2013

Although many researchers and practitioners are in agreement about the potential applicability and benefit of BIM in construction, it is still unclear why BIM is adopted, and what factors enhance the adoption and implementation of BIM. As such, the mechanism of BIM acceptance and use remains in question. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the key factors affecting the acceptance of BIM in construction organizations, and to analyze the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors on BIM acceptance. The key factors in BIM acceptance are identified through a literature review in TAM (Davis 1989) and related theories, and consolidated by interviews and pilot studies with professionals in the construction industry. Based on the factors, a questionnaire was designed and sent out to a total of 114 construction organizations in Korea, such as contractors, architects, and engineers. Using SPSS 12.0, the data was analyzed to determine the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors and BIM acceptance through multiple regression analysis. These findings will clarify what the highly prioritized factors are, and can also be used in an assessment tool for the performance of BIM utilization.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Fire was and remains a great threat to historic buildings of wood. This threat is omnipresent and often results to irreparable property losses especially cultural heritages. Fire of historic buildings continues to increase every year. The purpose of this study is to preserve a life safety, historical heritage and architectural & cultural values by pursuing for fire safety in the historical buildings. This study shall employ two research methods: a literature review and field survey methods. The literature review shall focus on the observations of characteristics noted in fire codes. The field survey shall cover a heat analysis and fire protection equipment. A method is proposed to investigate fire codes related historical building, reported fire history Fire Codes and Regulations for modern buildings are not always applicable on the historic buildings. Old buildings, and some new buildings with architectural, historical or cultural importance may have values which cannot be measured on a monetary scale. Their protection against the damage caused by fire is considered to be one of the basic moral duties of society. It is strongly recommended, therefore, legislation for fire safety in historical buildings must be extended to a complementary relationship with 'active' fire protection measures, to provide safety in real historical building in real fire situations. The development and application of performance based Codes and the Fire Safety Engineering approach seems to be a rather reasonable and effective way to deal with this historical buildings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Among the unearthed House ruins in Gyeongju of the capital of Silla period, the ruins to see the overall appearance of building arrangement is the ruins of Silla capital S1E1 area, Inwangdong 412, and the Jaemaejeong. In this study, the characteristics of urban house arrangement of the Unified Silla period was analyzed that, through a review of the arrangement relationship between the gate and the individual buildings found in these ruins. The urban house of the Unified Silla period was surrounded with wall, and the way to distinguish between functional areas within it are shown differently, depending on the size of the house. In other words, the small house was divided each area by installation of inner fence, and the large house was by arranging attached buildings. Thai is, the central area is not divided by inner fence is the Characteristics that is different from the small house. And in all houses, a large courtyard is located in the front of main building. Conatruction of the courtyard determines the location and direction of the main building. And the each area has external space of courtyard in the center.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

The final energy consumption in the building sector in Korea represents almost 20% of the total energy consumption. Besides, Space heating and hot water generation in Korea are based on fossil fuels, with a serious environmental impact. Despite the popularity of simple solar domestic hot water systems, active solar space heating remains, for various reasons, marginal. And thus, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate potentialities of solar assisted space heating systems, both technically and economically. From this study found that the solar heating system with CPC solar collectors integrated the roof of a single-story residential building shares $50{\sim}55%$ of the annual heating load.