• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.285-302
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• 2017

Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are commonly used as the lateral force-resisting systems in building structures in the seismic regions. The nearly-symmetric hysteretic response and the delayed brace core fracture of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) under the axial cyclic loading provide the adequate lateral force and deformation capacity to BRBFs under the earthquake excitation. However, the smaller axial stiffness of BRBs result in the undesirable higher residual drift response of BRBFs in the post-earthquake scenario. Two alternative approaches are investigated in this study to improve the elastic axial stiffness of BRBs, namely, (i) by shortening the yielding cores of BRBs; and (ii) by reducing the BRB assemblies and adding the elastic brace segments in series. In order to obtain the limiting yielding core lengths of BRBs, a modified approach based on Coffin-Manson relationship and the higher mode compression buckling criteria has been proposed in this study. Both non-linear static and dynamic analyses are carried out to analytically evaluate the seismic response of BRBFs fitted with short-core BRBs of two medium-rise building frames. Analysis results showed that the proposed brace systems are effective in reducing the inter-story and residual drift response of braced frames without any significant change in the story shear and the displacement ductility demands.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2023

In this study, a prefabricated buckling brace (PF-BRB) was proposed, and a test specimen was manufactured based on the design formula for the initial shape and structural performance tests were performed. As a result of the experiment, all standard performance requirements presented by KDS 41 17 00 and MOE 2021 were satisfied before and after replacement of the reinforcement module, and no fracture of the joint module occurred. As a result of the incremental load test, the physical properties showed a significant difference in the stiffness ratio after yielding under the compressive load of the envelope according to the experimental results. It is judged necessary to further analyze the physical properties according to the experimental results through finite element analysis in the future.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 일정 축하중과 반복횡하중 하에서 탄소섬유시트와 비좌굴 가새로 보강된 보-기둥 시험체의 횡방향 거동 평가를 통하여 사용된 보강 방법의 구조적 성능을 검증하는 것이다. 세 개의 시험체를 비보강, 탄소섬유보강, 탄소섬유와 비좌굴 가새 보강 방법을 각각 적용하여 제작하였다. 변위에 따른 최대, 최소하중은 하중-변위 관계를 분석함으로써 평가되어지며, 하중과 강성의 관계는 비교구간의 유효강성 분석에 의해 평가된다. 실험의 수행 결과, 보강을 하지 않은 시험체에 비하여 보강을 적용한 시험체는 최대허용하중과 유효강성, 철근 항복 시 재하 횡하중, 변위연성비 등에서 상대적으로 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2018

Buckling Restrained Braced (BRB) frames have been widely used as an efficient seismic load resisting system in recent years mostly due to their symmetric and stable hysteretic behavior and significant energy dissipation capacity. In this study, to provide a better understanding of the behavior of BRB frames with various beam-column connections, a numerical study using non-linear finite element (FE) analysis is conducted. All models are implemented in the Abaqus software package following an explicit formulation. Initially, the results of the FE model are verified with experimental data. Then, diverse beam-column connections are modeled for the sake of comparison from the shear capacity, energy dissipation and frame hysteresis behavior points of view until appropriate performance is assessed. The considered connections are divided into three different categories: (1) simple beam-column connections including connection by web angle and connection by seat angle; (2) semi-rigid connection including connection by web and seat angles; and (3) rigid beam-column connections by upper-lower beam plates and beam connections with web and flange splices. Results of the non-linear FE analyses show that these types of beam-column connections have little effect on the maximum story drift and shear capacity of BRB frames. However, the connection type has a significant effect on the amount of energy dissipation and hysteresis behavior of BRB frames. Also, changes in length and thickness of the angles in simple and semi-rigid connections and changes in length and thickness of plates in rigid connections have slight effects (less than 4%) on the overall frame behavior.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.703-731
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• 2013

In order to verify the applicability of buckling restrained braces (BRB's) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to the seismic strengthening of a low-rise RC building having the irregularities of a soft/weak story and torsion at the ground story, a series of earthquake simulation tests were conducted on a 1:5 scale RC building model before, and after, the strengthening, and these test results are compared and analyzed, to check the effectiveness of the strengthening. Based on the investigations, the following conclusions are made: (1) The BRB's revealed significant slips at the joint with the existing RC beam, up-lifts of columns from RC foundations and displacements due to the flexibility of foundations, and final failure due to the buckling and fracture of base joint angles. The lateral stiffness appeared to be, thereby, as low as one seventh of the intended value, which led to a large yield displacement and, therefore, the BRB's could not dissipate seismic input energy as desired within the range of anticipated displacements. (2) Although the strengthened model did not behave as desired, great enhancement in earthquake resistance was achieved through an approximate 50% increase in the lateral resistance of the wall, due to the axial constraint by the peripheral BRB frames. Finally, (3) whereas in the original model, base torsion was resisted by both the inner core walls and the peripheral frames, the strengthened model resisted most of the base torsion with the peripheral frames, after yielding of the inner core walls, and represented dual values of torsion stiffness, depending on the yielding of core walls.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The 1100 foot [335 m] tall Wilshire Grand Center tower under construction in Los Angeles illustrates many key outrigger issues. The tower has a long, narrow floor plan and slender central core. Outrigger braces at three groups of levels in the tower help provide for occupant comfort during windy conditions as well as safety during earthquakes. Because outrigger systems are outside the scope of prescriptive code provisions, Performance Based Design (PBD) using Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NRHA) demonstrated acceptability to the Los Angeles building department and its peer review panel. Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) diagonals are used at all outrigger levels to provide stable cyclic nonlinear behavior and to limit forces generated at columns, connections and core walls. Each diagonal at the lowest set of outriggers includes four individual BRBs to provide exceptional capacities. The middle outriggers have an unusual 'X-braced Vierendeel' configuration to provide clear hotel corridors. The top outriggers are pre-loaded by jacks to address long-term differential shortening between the concrete core and concrete-filled steel perimeter box columns. The outrigger connection details are complex in order to handle large forces and deformations, but were developed with contractor input to enable practical construction.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2018

Tall buildings are categorized as important structures because of the large number of occupants and high construction costs. The choice of competent lateral load resisting systems in tall buildings is of crucial importance. Bracing systems have long been an economic and effective method for resisting lateral loads in steel structures. However, there are some potential adverse aspects to bracing systems such as the limitations they inflict on architectural plans, uplift forces and poor performances in compression. in order to eliminate the mentioned problems and for cost optimization, in this paper, six 20-story steel buildings and frames with different types of bracing, i.e., conventional, mega-scale and buckling-restrained bracing (BRB) were analyzed. Linear and modal push-over analyses were carried out. The results pointed out that Mega-Scale Bracing (MSB) system has significant superiority over the conventional bracing type. The MSB system is 25% more economic. Some other advantages of MSB include: up to 63% less drift ratio, up to 38% better performance in lateral displacement, up to 100% stiffer stories, and about 50% smaller uplift forces. Moreover, MSB equipped with BRB attests even a better seismic behavior in the aforementioned parameters.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.205-229
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• 2018

Energy induced by minor earthquake and micro vibration cannot be dissipated by traditional buckling-restrained braces (BRBs). To solve this problem, a new type of hybrid passive control device, named as VE-BRB, which is configured by a BRB with high-damping viscoelastic (VE) layers, is developed and studied. Theoretical analysis, performance tests, numerical simulation and case analysis are conducted to study the seismic behavior of VE-BRBs. The results indicate that the combination of hysteretic and damping devices lead to a multi-phased nature and good performance. VE-BRB's working state can be divided into three phases: before yielding of the steel core, VE layers provide sufficient damping ratio to mitigate minor vibrations; after yielding of the steel core, the steel's hysteretic deformations provide supplemental dissipative capacity for structures; after rupture of the steel core, VE layers are still able to work normally and provide multiple security assurance for structures. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental results, validating the finite element analysis method, constitutive models and the identified parameters. The comparison of the time history analysis on a 6-story frame with VE-BRBs and BRBs verified the advantages of VE-BRB for seismic protection of structures compared with traditional BRB. In general, VE-BRB had the potential to provide better control effect on structural displacement and shear in all stages than BRB as expected.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2014

내진 보강용 이력 댐퍼로 활용하기 위해 개발된 좌굴방지가새는 일본과 미국을 중심으로 활발히 연구되어 왔다. 좌굴방지가새는 일반적으로 심재와 외피 사이를 콘크리트 등으로 채워 제작된다. 좌굴방지가새에 콘크리트를 채우는 일은 습식 공정으로 제작 효율을 떨어뜨릴 수 있는 하나의 원인으로 심재와 콘크리트의 비부착 처리는 쉽지 않은 작업이다. 이를 개선하기 위해 반원형 스프링으로 심재를 횡지지하는 건식형 좌굴방지가새를 제안하였다. 건식형 좌굴방지가새를 실용화하기 위해 적절한 거동을 갖는 반원형 스프링의 형상을 해석적으로 조사하였다. 심재가 압축을 받아 고차모드로 좌굴하기 위해 필요로 하는 횡지지 강성과 강도를 이론적으로 평가하였다. 또한 실제 적용 조건을 반영하여 반원형 스프링의 실용적 소요강성와 강도를 계산하였다. 이 값을 기준으로 5가지 높이를 변수로 한 반원형 스프링의 비선형 좌굴해석을 통해 적절한 강종과 두께를 선정하였다. 끝으로 최종 선정된 반원형 스프링의 거동을 반영하여 이차원으로 모델링한 건식형 좌굴방지가새의 비선형 좌굴해석을 통해 건식형 좌굴방지가새의 좌굴강도는 반원형 스프링 사이의 거리를 좌굴 길이로 갖는 심재의 좌굴하중과 유사함을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

본 연구는 반복 횡하중 하에서의 기둥부재와 보-기둥 연결부에 대한 구조 성능 확인을 위하여 기 수행된 실험을 토대로 해석모델을 수립하고 사용 프로그램의 유용성과 실용성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 기존 연구자들에 의해 제안된 콘크리트와 철근의 이력 모델을 비선형 해석 프로그램인 PERFORM3D에 적용하여 수행되었다. 결과로서, 반복 횡하중 하의 비보강 보-기둥 연결부재의 해석과 실험결과가 비교적 일치함을 확인하였다. 이로써 입증된 비보강 시험체의 해석 모델에 탄소와 아라미드 섬유시트 그리고 비좌굴 가새를 추가 적용하여 실험결과와 비교.검증하여 내진 성능 보강의 해석모델을 수립하였다. 이는 기존 구조물에 대한 보강에 있어서, 해석을 통한 사전 성능 검토에 활용함으로써 시간과 물질적 측면에서의 경제성 도모에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.