• Title/Summary/Keyword: brown blight

Search Result 152, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

A New Mid-late Maturing Rice Cultivar with High-Quality and Multiple Resistance to Diseases and Insects, 'Dacheong' (벼 중만생 고품질 복합내병충성 신품종 '다청')

  • Kim, Woo-Jae;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Ko, Jong-Cheol;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Ha, Ki-Yong;Shin, Mun-Sik;Kim, Yeong-Do;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Kang, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Ki-Young;Baek, Man-Gee;Park, Hyun-Su;Baek, So-Hyeon;Shin, Woon-Chul;Kim, Kyeong-Hun;Choung, Jin-Il;Goo, Hwang-Hung;Kim, Jung-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.42 no.6
    • /
    • pp.649-653
    • /
    • 2010
  • 'Dacheong', a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iksan450 having a good eating-quality and multi-disease resistance, and YR21258-GH3 having insect resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. This variety has about 125 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 87 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1\;to\;K_3$, stripe virus and brown plant hopper. The milled rice of 'Dacheong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has slightly lower amylose content of 18.8% and lower protein content of 5.7%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.91 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Dacheong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

A Medium-late Maturing New Rice Cultivar with High Grain Quality, Multi-disease Resistance, Adaptability to Direct Seeding and Transplanting Cultivation, "Hopum" (벼 중만생 최고품질 복합내병성 직파 및 이앙 겸용 "호품")

  • Ko, Jong-Cheol;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Baek, Man-Gee;Ha, Ki-Yong;Kim, Ki-Young;Son, Ji-Young;Lee, Jae-Kil;Choung, Jin-Il;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Shin, Mun-Sik;Kim, Young-Doo;Mo, Young-Jun;Kim, Kyeong-Hoon;Kim, Chung-Kon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.40 no.4
    • /
    • pp.533-536
    • /
    • 2008
  • Hopum is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 and F1 crossing Milyang165 and Iksan438 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 141 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. This cultivar has short culm and spikelet number per panicle is similar to that of Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than standard variety. This cultivar has medium size of brown rice and shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, to bacterial blight pathogens of $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ and stripe virus disease but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of Hopum is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein and amylose content of Hopum is about 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively. This cultivar has better palatability of cooked rice than Chucheongbyeo harvested in Gyeongki province. Its milling recovery (76.8%) and percentage of perfect-shaped milled rice (94.7%) were higher than Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Hopum was 5.83 MT/ha (15% higher than Juan) under wet-direct seeding, 5.66 MT/ha (8% higher than Juan) under dry-direct seeding, and 6.00 MT/ha (8% higher than Nampyeong) under ordinary transplanting cultivation. "Hopum" would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

Cultivation of Ginseng in Baengnyeongdo, the Northernmost Island of the Yellow Sea in South Korea (서해 최북단 섬 백령도의 인삼 재배 현황)

  • Cho, Dae-Hui
    • Journal of Ginseng Culture
    • /
    • v.4
    • /
    • pp.128-141
    • /
    • 2022
  • Baengnyeongdo Island, which belongs to Ongjin-gun, Incheon, is an island in the northernmost part of the West Sea in South Korea. Baengnyeong Island is the 15th largest island in Korea and covers an area of 51 km2. The Korea Ginseng Corporation (KGC) investigated the possibility of growing ginseng on Baengnyeong Island in 1996. In 1997, thanks to the support of cultivation costs from Ongjin-gun, the first ginseng seedbed was built on Baengnyeong Island. In 1999, the seedlings were transplanted to a permanent field under a contract with KGC. In 2003, the first six-year-old ginseng harvest was performed, and KGC purchased all production according to the contract. Since then, KGC has signed on to grow ginseng until 2012 and purchased six-year-old ginseng until the fall of 2016. Since 2014, the GimpoPaju Ginseng Agricultural Cooperative Association has signed a ginseng production contract. According to a survey of nine 6-year-old ginseng fields (total 5,961 units) on Baengnyeong Island, the top five with good growth had a survival rate of 42.6 to 68%, and the bottom four with poor growth had an extremely low survival rate of 11.1 to 21.3%. The four fields with low survival rates were where hot peppers were planted before ginseng cultivation. It is believed that the excess nitrogen remaining in the soil due to the treatment of compost or manure during pepper cultivation causes ginseng roots to rot. The average incidence of Alternaria blight was 8.6%. Six six-year-old ginseng gardens were low at 1.1 to 4.7%, while the other three were high at 16.7 to 20.9%. It is assumed that the reason for the low survival rate and high incidence of Alternaria blight is a rain-leaking shield. Farmers used rain-leaking shields because the precipitation on Baengnyeong Island was smaller than on land. One field showed 3% of leaves with yellowish brown spots, a symptom of physiological disturbance of the leaf, which is presumed to be due to the excessive presence of iron in the soil. To increase the production of ginseng on Baengnyeong Island, it is necessary to develop a suitable ginseng cultivation method for the island, such as strengthening the field management based on the results of a scientific study of soil, using rain-resistant shading, and installing drip irrigation facilities. I hope that ginseng will become a new driving force for the development of Baengnyeong Island, allowing ginseng products and food to thrive in the beautiful natural environment of the island.

Status and Future Measure on Production of Medicinal Crops in the Major Cultivation Area (약용작물주산지(藥用作物主産地)의 생산실태(生産實態)와 금후대책(今後對策))

  • Lee, Seung-Tack;Lee, Jung-Il;Seong, Nak-Sul;Park, Rae-Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.74-80
    • /
    • 1993
  • Survey on the status of cultivation and production of medicinal crop was studied on 18 medicinal herbs and 5 medicinal trees in 66 major crop producing complexes. Native seeds or seedlings of the crops obtained from self-seed or neighbored farmer were cultivated and organic fertilizer was preferred to chemical fertilizer in the complexes. More than 60.7% of farmers were applied compost among the organic fertilizers, while 34.8% of them cultivated without any organic fertilizers. Both of using the compound chemical fertilizers and urea and urea only used were showed 51. 5% and 40.9%, respectively. Ostericum koreanum, Angelica gigas, Phellopterus littoralis, and Bupleurum fulcatum belonging to the family Umbeliferae and Aralia continentalis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Eucommia ulmoides in the complexex were not damaged by insect pests and plant diseases. Mite, aphid, grub, cutworm, onion magot fly and european corn borer were known to as major insect pests and anthracnose, powdery mildew, brown leaf spot, leaf blight and root rot as major plant diseases. Productivity and income of a farm by medicinal crops in the complex were greatly different from seeding time, planting distance, year yielded, and selling routes even in the same cultivation method and in the same cultivated area.

  • PDF

Screening of Antifungal Medicinal Plants for Turfgrass Fungal Disease Control (잔디 병해 방제를 위한 항균성 약용식물의 탐색)

  • Kwon, Soo-Mean;Kim, Dae-Ho;Chang, Tae-Hyun;Jeon, Min-Goo;Kim, In-Seob;Kim, Ik-Hwi
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.176-181
    • /
    • 2010
  • Brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1), dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), pythium blight (Pythium spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), yellow patch (Rhizoctonia cerealis) and Zoysia patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2) are the major turfgrasses diseases in Korea. In this study, 23 medicinal plant extracts were tested for antifungal activities against turfgrass pathogenic fungi. In paper disk diffusion method, 12 medicinal plant extracts, including Sophora flavescens, showed antifungal activity. Also, in the test of antifungal activity on media contained the extracts of S. flavescens, Curcuma longa, Rheum undulatum, Coptis chinensis and Asiasarum sieboldi showed above 80% inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth in 110 mg/10 ml concentration of the extracts. S. flavescens, in particularly, showed antifungal activity against the six turfgrass pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of S. homoeocarpa was 100% in 10 mg/10 ml, 5 mg/10 ml and 2 mg/10 ml concentrations of C. longa extract. In case of Pythium spp., the extracts of S. flavescens, R. undulatum and C. chinensis showed 100 % inhibition rate on the test media.

Evaluation of the Qualitative Characteristics of Creeping Bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) Cultivars Using NTEP Data (미농무성 NTEP(Nat'l Turfgrass Evaluation Program) 자료를 이용한 Creeping Bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) 품종의 특성 평가)

  • Jang, Duk-Hwan;Joo, Young-Kyoo
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was initiated to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivars for the climate In Korea through the NTEP(Nat'l Turfgrass Evaluation Program) data. 'L-93' showed the highest rating in overall mean visual quality. It was also the most prominent cultivar in seedling vigors, ground cover, and genetic color especially in summer. In case of turf texture, 'Penn A-1' and 'A-2' were the finest group, but the poorest group in cold tolerance. Leaf density and thatch accumulation were lower with 'Penncross', 'Pennlinks', 'Crenshaw', and 'L-93' as compared with 'Penn A'-type and 'G'-type cultivars. Resistance to moss invasion was greater with 'Penn A'-type and 'G'-type cultivars, but 'Penncross' was the least. These observations indicated that leaf density was considered to associate with the characters of turf quality, thatch accumulation and resistance to moss invasion. 'Penn A'-type cultivars were highly resistant to snow mold. Greater resistance to brown patch was associated with 'Penn A' and 'Penncross'. Higher resistance to pythium blight was found with 'Penncross' and 'Pennlinks'. 'L-93' showed higher resistance to dollar spot, but not to pythium. Therefore, these results demonstrated that turf maintenance program for the new bentgrass cultivars should be different from a conventional management for the cultivar of 'Penncross'.

Buffer Zones for Non-Target Organisms by Aerial Pesticide Application Around Rice Paddy (벼 재배지의 항공 방제시 비표적 생물에 대한 안전거리)

  • Park, Yeon-Ki;Jin, Yeoung-Duck;Kim, Byung-Seok;Park, Kyung-Hun;Lee, Jea-Bong;Shin, Jin-Sup;Bae, Chung-Han;Lee, Kyu-Seung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.32-37
    • /
    • 2007
  • The study was carried out to establish buffer zone for the protection of the non-target organisms by aerial pesticide application. The two pesticide combination of 3-way tank-mixing of three pesticides for aerial application, ferimzone tricyclazole SC + BPMC EC + validamycin-A SL and hexaconzole EC + isoprothiolane EC+phenthoate EC were selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. Aquatic organisms including killifish and loach in the paddy field and nearby water reservoirs were not affected by aerial application of the pesticides. However, all the water flea were killed, when they were exposed 10 m from the aerially sprayed site, while the water flea exposed in 30 m away from the site were not affected. Honeybees within 50 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite wind direction showed a mortality of $7{\sim}100%$. Residues concentration of the pesticides in paddy water were not detectable level after six days from aerial application. Drifting distance of aerially sprayed droplet from the target area was within 30 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite direction. Consequently, it was the buffer zones in the aerial pesticides application for the protection of the non-target organisms should be at least 50 m for aquatic organisms and 100 m for honeybees.

Fungal Distribution and Varieties Resistance to Kernel Discoloration in Korean Two-rowed Barley (국내 육성 2조 겉보리 변색 종실에서의 곰팡이 분포와 품종 저항성)

  • Shin, Sang-Hyun;Seo, Eun-Jo;Choi, Jae-Seong;Kang, Chun-Sik;Lee, JungKwan;Park, Jong-Chul
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.183-187
    • /
    • 2013
  • Barley kernel discoloration (KD) leads to substantial loss in value through downgrading and discounting of malting barley. The objective of this research is to investigate fungal distribution and varieties resistance to KD in Korean two-rowed barley. Several fungal organisms including Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Epicoccum spp. and Rhizopus spp. were isolated from Korean two-rowed barley representing KD. The symptoms of KD were brown and black discolorations of the lemma and palea. The most frequently detected fungal species was Alternaria spp. which exhibited 69.1% and 72.2% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Epicoccum spp., Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus spp. were also detected. Fusarium spp., primary pathogen of barley head blight, were rarely occurred in the 2011 and their occurrence increased to 4.7% in 2012. Twenty cultivars of Korean two-rowed barely were evaluated to KD. The average percentage of KD was 8.0-36.0% in 2011 and 5.2-36.6% in 2012. Two cultivars ('Sacheon 6' and 'Dajinbori') showed KD of 6.2% to 8.8% and determined resistant, however 'Samdobori' and 'Daeyeongbori' demonstrating KD of 22.2-36.6% were highly susceptible. 'Jinyangbori', 'Danwonbori', 'Sinhobori' and 'Kwangmaegbori' showing KD of less than 15% were moderately resistant cultivar.

Sclerotinia Shoot Rot of Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Korea (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 의한 포도나무 균핵병 발생)

  • Park, Jong-Han;Han, Kyung-Sook;Han, You-Kyoung;Lee, Jung-Sup;Kim, Dae-Hyun;Hwang, Jeong-Hwan
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.15 no.3
    • /
    • pp.259-261
    • /
    • 2009
  • Sclerotinia shoot rot of Grapevine(Vitis labruscana) occurred at Gapyeong and Yeongwol area from 2003 to 2005. Infected plants showed shoot blight at the one-year-old fruit bearing branches. The first visible symptom noticed was wilting and blighting of the branches. The obvious and typical initial symptom is the presence of a cottony, white, dense mat of mycelial growth on the surface of the diseased lesions. The base or stem of the infected young shoots develop a pale brown rotted area, which girdled and killed shoots. In advanced stages of the disease, stems and branches became bleached and eventually died. The isolates collected from diseased grapevine stem were identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. The pathogenicity test revealed that Vitis vinifera(cultivar: Kyoho) was stronger than V. labruscana(cultivar: Campbell early) to the pathogen. This is the first report on sclerotinia shoot rot of grapevine in Korea.

First Report on Pink Rot of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Caused by Trichothecium roseum in Korea (Trichothecium roseum에 의한 해바라기 분홍빛썩음병 발생 보고)

  • Kim, Sang Gyu;Hur, On-Sook;Sung, Jung Sook;Ko, Ho-Cheol;Luitel, Binod Prasad;Rhee, Ju-Hee;Baek, Hyung-Jin;Ryu, Kyoung-Yul
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.202-205
    • /
    • 2017
  • Pink rot appeared in greenhouse-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Jeonju, Korea. The symptoms appeared as brown discoloration of sunflower head and progressed into stem in advanced stage. In order to investigate the causal organism of this disease, we isolated a fungus from the infected seeds and maintained the isolated fungal culture on potato dextrose agar medium. Conidiophores were simple or branched, 62.5 to $123.1{\mu}m$ long. Conidia were produced in basipetal chains, ellipsoidal to pyriform with oblique and prominent truncate basal scars, two-celled, hyaline and measured $10.2-21.4{\times}7.5-12.6{\mu}m$. The fungus was inoculated to a new sunflower plant and showed the typical blight on the leaves. Study of morphological characters, pathogenicity tests and sequence analysis revealed that the isolated fungus is confirmed to be Trichothecium roseum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pink rot on sunflower caused by T. roseum in Korea.