• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1827-1838
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• 2022

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2023

There are many joint fissures distributed in the engineering rock mass. In the process of geological history, the underground rock mass undergoes strong geological processes, and undergoes complex geological processes such as fracture breeding, expansion, recementation, and re-expansion. In this paper, the damage-stick-slip process (DSSP), an analysis model used for rock mass failure slip, was established to examine the master control and time-dependent mechanical properties of the new and primary fractures of a multi-fractured rock mass under the action of stress loading. The experimental system for the recemented multi-fractured rock mass was developed to validate the above theory. First, a rock mass failure test was conducted. Then, the failure stress state was kept constant, and the fractured rock mass was grouted and cemented. A secondary loading was applied until the grouted mass reached the intended strength to investigate the bearing capacity of the recemented multi-fractured rock mass, and an acoustic emission (AE) system was used to monitor AE events and the update of damage energy. The results show that the initial fracture angle and direction had a significant effect on the re-failure process of the cement rock mass; Compared with the monitoring results of the acoustic emission (AE) measurements, the master control surface, key blocks and other control factors in the multi-fractured rock mass were obtained; The triangular shaped block in rock mass plays an important role in the stress and displacement change of multi-fracture rock mass and the long fissure and the fractures with close fracture tip are easier to activate, and the position where the longer fractures intersect with the smaller fractures is easier to generate new fractures. The results are of great significance to a multi-block structure, which affects the safety of underground coal mining.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2012

Panax ginseng has been cultivated for centuries, and nine commercial cultivars have been registered in Korea. However, these nine elite cultivars are grown in less than 10% of ginseng fields, and there is no clear authentication system for each cultivar even though their values are higher than those of local landraces. Here, we have developed 19 microsatellite markers using expressed gene sequences and established an authentication system for all nine cultivars. Five cultivars, 'Chunpoong', 'Sunpoong', 'Gumpoong', 'Sunun', and 'Sunone', can each be identified by one cultivar-unique allele, gm47n-a, gm47n-c, gm104-a, gm184-a (or gm129-a), and gm175-c, respectively. 'Yunpoong' can be identified by the co-appearance of gm47n-b and gm129-c. 'Sunhyang' can be distinguished from the other eight cultivars by the co-appearance of gm47n-b, gm129-b, and gm175-a. The two other cultivars, 'Gopoong' and 'Cheongsun', can be identified by their specific combinations of five marker alleles. This marker set was successfully utilized to identify the cultivars among 70 ginseng individuals and to select true F1 hybrid plants between two cultivars. We further analyzed the homogeneity of each cultivar and phylogenetic relationships among cultivars using these markers. This marker system will be useful to the seed industry and for breeding of ginseng.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.815-829
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to construct a flatfish outlook model that is consistent with the "Fisheries outlook" monthly publication of the fisheries outlook center of the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI). In particular, it was designed as a partial equilibrium model limited to flatfish items, but a model was constructed with a dynamic ecological equation model (DEEM) system, considering biological breeding and shipping times. Due to limited amounts of monthly data, the market equilibrium price was calculated using a recursive model method as the inverse demand. The main research results and implications are as follows. As a result of estimating young fish inventory levels, the coefficient of the young fish inventory in the previous period was estimated to be 0.03, which was not statistically significant. Because there is distinct seasonality, when estimating the breeding outcomes, the elasticity of breeding in the previous period was found to exceed 0.7, and it increased more as the weight of the fish increased, in addition, the shipment coefficient gradually increased as the weight increased, which means that as the fish weight increased, the shipment compared to the breeding volume increased. When estimating shipments, the elasticity of breeding in previous period was estimated to respond elastically as the weight increases. The price flexibility coefficient of the total supply was inelastically estimated to be -0.19. Finally, according to a model predictive power test, the Theil U1 was estimated to be very low for all of the predictors, indicating excellent predictive power.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.299-300
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• 2009

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2018

Objective: Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results: After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion: This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a breeding technique to increase Hanwoo of superior characteristics. In the present study, reproductive status of Hanwoo such as size of farm, breeding system and gestationi length was investigated. In addition, effect of low dose administration of prostaglandin F2$\alpha$(PGF2$\alpha$) on luteolysis was examined. The size of farm was classified by the total number of cows and the number of breeding stocks, respectively. The distribution of herd size of < 5, 6~10, 11~30, 31~50 and > heads was 31%, 15%, 39%, 4% and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of breeding stock size of <5, 6~10, 11~30, 31~50 and > 50 heads was 36%, 28%, 31%, 3% and 3%, respectively. Average parity was 2.1 in breeding stock. In breeding pattern, artificial in semination(A.I), estrus synchronization-A.I and natural mating was 92.7%, 2.4% and 4.9% respectively. Gestational length of Hanwoo was ranged 253~316 days (average length : 285 days) after estrus( estrus=0). To induce luteolysis, PGF2$\alpha$ was injected into ovarian parenchyma by a modified ovarian injector. The effect of administration of 6mg PGF2$\alpha$ on luteolysis and estrus induction was betweer (P<0.01) when PGF2$\alpha$ was administered into ovarian parechyma than when administered intramuscluarly (71 vs. 91%). When PGF2$\alpha$ was injected into ovarian parenchyma, a decreased concentration to 3 mg did not significantly decreaed its luteolytic effect(92%). When AI was performed following PGF2$\alpha$ treatment, the intraovarian injection group yielded a higher pregnancy rate(69 vs. 88%) than the IM injection groups, regardless of the dosage. In conclusion these results suggest that increasing herd size and regular reproductive management are needed to improve reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo industry. Furthermore, intraovarian administration of PGF2$\alpha$ is effective way to induce luteolysis compared with intramuscular injection.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2018

Chemokines is a small protein that plays a major role in inflammatory reactions and viral infections as a chemotactic factor of cytokines involved in innate immunity. Most of the chemokines belong to the chemokine groups CC and CXC. To investigate the immune system of the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an expression pattern specifically induced in the early developmental stages of analysis is examined using qRT-PCR. We also examined tissue-specific expression of both CC and CXC chemokine in healthy olive flounder samples. CC and CXC chemokine shows increased expression after immune-related organs are formed compared to expression during early development. CC chemokine was more highly expressed in the fin, but CXC chemokine showed higher expression in the gills, spleen, intestines, and stomach. Spatial and temporal expression analysis of CC and CXC chemokine were performed following viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. CC chemokine showed high expression in the gills, which are respiratory organs, whereas CXC chemokine was more highly expressed in the kidneys, an immune-related organ. These results suggest that CC and CXC chemokine play an important role in the immune response of the olive flounder, and may be used as basic data for the immunological activity and gene analysis of it as well as other fish.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2020

In this study, the neutronic calculation to obtain tritium breeding ratio (TBR) in a deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion power reactor using Monte Carlo MCNPX is done. In addition, by using COMSOL software, an efficient cooling system is designed. In the proposed design, it is adequate to enrich up to 40% ⁶Li. Total tritium breeding ratio of 1.12 is achieved. The temperature of helium as coolant gas never exceed 687℃. As regards the tolerable temperature of beryllium (650℃), the design of blanket module is done in the way that beryllium temperature never exceed 600℃. The main feature of this design indicates the temperature of helium coolant is higher than other proposed models for blanket module, therefore power of electricity generation will increase.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 벼멸구 저항성 개통 육성과정 중에 수행한 PS와 MAS system간의 선발 효율을 정확성, 소요시간, 소요비용 등의 요인으로 비교 분석함으로써 MAS system의 선발 효율을 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 효과적인 MAS system을 구축하고 실용화하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. DNA marker를 이용하여 벼멸구 저항성 개체를 선발하고 MAS 체제를 확립하기 위하여 '삼강/낙동' 조합의 $F_2$집단, RIL($F_6$), DH집단, 여교잡집단($BC_6F_5$)을 대상으로 PS와 marker 검정을 병행하여 두 검정 방법 간에 각 잡종집단 및 세대별 저항성과 감수성 계통(개체)의 비율을 비교한 바 95%이상 일치하였다. MAS 체제와 PS간의 선발효율을 비교한 바 MAS는 PS에 비해 약 32%의 비용이 절감되었고, 검정에 소요되는 기간도 기존의 PS에서는 30일인데 비해 MAS에서는 7일로 크게 단축되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 MAS에 의한 벼멸구 저항성 계통 선발 체계를 확립 할 수 있었다.