• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.42.1-42.5
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• 2023

Objective: Case report of improvement in muscle pain, insomnia, and depression in a breast cancer patient using Ortho-Cellular Nutrition Therapy. Methods: A Korean woman in her 50s was diagnosed with breast cancer. After being diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer, her quality of life has greatly deteriorated due to the side effects of the drugs administered. Results: Symptoms of insomnia and muscle pain improved after nutritional therapy. Conclusion: Applying nutritional therapy to patients with the aforementioned condition can help alleviate symptoms.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.37.1-37.5
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• 2023

Objective: Case report of improvement in joint pain and gum bleeding in a breast cancer patient using OCNT. Methods: A Korean woman in her 60s was diagnosed with breast cancer. After being diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer, her quality of life has greatly deteriorated due to the side effects of the drugs administered. Results: Improved joint pain and bleeding gums after OCNT Conclusion: The application of OCNT to patients with above problem can help improve symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.303-306
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine risk of developing of breast cancer among Turkish women. Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive and cross-sectional approach, data were collected from 231 women. Breast cancer risk was calculated using the National Cancer Institute's on-line verson of called as the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool or the Gail Risk Assesment Tool. Results: The average age of women was $45.0{\pm}8.06$ years. It was revealed that 6.1% of participants reported having first degree relatives who had had breast cancer, with only four women having more than one first-degree relative affected (1.7%). The mean five-year breast cancer risk for all women was $0.88{\pm}0.91%$, and 7.4% of women had a five-year breast cancer risk >1.66% in this study. Mean lifetime breast cancer risk up to age 90 years was $9.3{\pm}5.2%$. Conclusions: The breast cancer risk assessment tool can help in the clinical management of patient seeking advice concerning screening and prevention. Healthcare providers in Turkey can use this approach to estimate an individual's probability of developing breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to find out plans to promote the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and breast cancer screening, which is preventive health behavior about women's having breast cancer exam in some part of our country with searching for the primary causes which have an effect on their fulfillment. The subjects of the study were 540 literate volunteers who were of age from 20 to 69 and who visited 8 health centers in Taegu. The survey research was made through questionares in the 8 health centers in Taegu from the 15th to the 30th of September, 1998. Based on Becker's health belief model asking medical staff's opinions with bibliographies, the major findings from the survey was as follow. The fulfillment rate of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening was 37.8％(204 subjects), 27.6％ (149 subjects) each. Getting breast self-exam varied significantly depending on subject's age, income of family, religion, occupation and the number of children. As far as the breast cancer screening was concerned, there was remarkably significant difference in accordance with their age, marital status, religion, occupation, income of family, the number of children, ways of nursing and parturition age of the first baby. The subjects in their forties accounted for the highest rate. Based on the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening, the average points of all the variables presented from the health belief as well as the points of the susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, knowledge and level of health concern of interest in health were significantly higher than the points of non-fulfillment of them in the statistical analysis whereas the barriers was lower than them. In consequence of the multiple-logistic regression analysis putting the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening in dependent variables, occupation, knowledge, seriousness, benefits, barriers and cues to action had significant effects on breast self-examination against breast cancer. Looking more attainments, thinking diseases more seriously, feeling more usefulness and there being any patient around with breast cancer led to the higher rate of the breast self-examination against it. On the other hand, feeling more impedition as well as housewives caused the lower rate of it. The breast cancer screening was significantly affected by age, sensitivity, usefulness, impedition and behavior momentum as well. The cases who are older, feeling more sensitivity against breast cancer, more usefulness of the examination and where any patient around, the fulfillment rate was higher. Contrarily the more impedition they felt, the lower the fulfillment rate was. Accordingly, the study of the causes, which have significant effects on the fulfillment of the self-examination and the breast cancer screening in order to find it in an early stage, and the development of health education programs as well as proper education for public health through carrying on campaigns and stepping up public relations must be indispensable.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of Traditional Korean Medicine as an adjunctive management for breast cancer treatment. Methods : A 56 year-old female patient diagnosed with stage IA(pT1cN0M0) of breast cancer was admitted our hospital. The patient had surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, and conducted adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitor. The patient's chief complaints were dry cough, thirst and fatigue, all of which were caused by radiation therapy. Traditional Korean herbal medicine was prescribed for symptom management. The patient's subjective symptoms such as cough, thirst and fatigue were evaluated by NRS. Results : Fatigue was significantly improved within a week. The severity of dry cough and thirst also was decreased after a few courses of herbal medicine treatment. Conclusion : This case study suggests that Tradition Korean Medicine would be beneficial for the patients who are suffering from adverse effects of the standard treatment of cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1627-1631
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• 2015

Background: Stage at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors of breast cancer survival. Because in the breast cancer case this may vary with socioeconomic characteristics, this study was performed to recognize the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with stage at diagnosis in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 526 patients suffering from breast cancer and registered in Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire about family levels of socioeconomic status filled in by interviewing the patients via phone. For analyzing the data, Multinomial logistic regression, Kendal tau-b correlation coefficient and Contingency Coefficient tests were executed by SPSS22. Economic status, educational attainment of patient and household head and/or a combination of these were considered as parameters for socioeconomic status. First, the relationship between stage at diagnosis and demographic and socioeconomic status was assessed in univariate analysis then these relationships assessed in two different models of multinomial logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 (SD=11.4). According to the results of this study, there were significant relationships between stage at diagnosis of breast cancer with patient education (p=0.011), living place (p=0.044) and combined socioeconomic status (p=0.024). These relationships persisted in multiple multinomial logistic regressions. Other variables, however, had no significant correlation. Conclusions: Patient education, combined socioeconomic status and living place are important variables in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Interventions have to be applied with the aim of raising women's accessibility to diagnostic and medical facilities and also awareness in order to reducing delay in referring. In addition, covering breast cancer screening services by insurance is recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9427-9432
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• 2014

Background: Delayed presentation of symptomatic breast cancer is a public health issue in Iran, making a major contribution to low survival. Despite the importance of this problem, current knowledge is insufficient to inform interventions to shorten patient delay. The aim of this study was to explore factors influencing patient delay in Iranian women with self-discovered breast cancer symptom. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted during 2012-2013. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 20 Iranian women with self-discovered symptoms of breast cancer who attended the Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth audiotaped interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis with MAXqda software version 10. Findings: Content analysis of the data revealed four main themes related to the delay in seeking medical help including: 1) attributing symptoms to the benign conditions; 2) conditional health behavior; 3) inhibiting emotional expression; and 4) barriers to access to health care systems. Conclusions: These results suggest that patient delay is influenced by complex and multiple factors. Effective intervention to reduce patient delay for breast cancer should be developed by focusing on improvement of women's medical knowledge, managing patients' emotional expression and reform of the referral system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 2009

Purpose: Breast cancer is second most common cancer in women. Almost of patients with breast cancer treated with mastectomy undergoes breast reconstruction. Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction. Many surgeons have investigated of nipple reconstruction using the flap technique after breast reconstruction with the autologous tissue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of nipple reconstruction using the C - V flap technique after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. Methods: From April 2006 to May 2008, the authors treated 17 patients of nipple reconstruction using C - V flap technique, who were received breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. We have predicted decrease of the size of reconstructed nipple and designed flap a little larger than wanted nipple size. Nipple splint was applied for 4 - 6 months for minimizing decrease of the size of reconstructed nipple. The diameter and height of the reconstructed nipple were measured and patient's satisfaction score was assessed. Results: Mean follow-up duration was 12.5 months. Among the 17 patients, the average absorption rate by height of nipple was 47.0%. Partial necrosis was noted in 1 case, and treated well with conservative management. There was no other significant complications noted. Patient's satisfactory score was assessed by the height, design and location of the nipple. The average of satisfaction score was 85%, 68%, 62% and total average was 83%. Conclusion: The authors experienced 17 patients of nipple reconstruction using the C - V flap technique after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. The absorption rate of the size of the nipple, complications and patient's satisfactory score of this study were similar to those of nipple reconstruction after breast reconstruction with the autologous tissue. It is expected that nipple reconstruction after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander is safe and reliable. It is considered that a long - term study is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program on pain, flexibility, grip strength and stress in patient with breast cancer following surgery. Method: Study was designed as a non-synchronized research method with a nonequivalent control group. Data collection was performed from September 2007 to January 1, 2008. Participants were 34 patients (experimental group: 19, control group: 15) undergoing surgery for breast cancer in a hospital in D city. Women in the experimental group were participated in the cancer-overcome BeHaS (Be Happy and Strong) exercise program for 60 minutes per session once a week for 8 weeks and it was recommended that they do the exercises once more each week at home. The control group received one education session on breast cancer management. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups for pain, flexibility or grip strength. But stress in experimental group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: This result suggests that cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program is helpful to reduce stress in patients after breast cancer surgery. Further research is needed for multi-dimensional evaluation on psycho-social effects of cancer-overcome BeHaS exercise program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4049-4052
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• 2013

Resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may lead to limited efficacy of systemic therapy in breast cancer patients, is multifactorial. Among the mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, there are those closely related to estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-related protein, glutathione S-transferase pi and topoisomerase-II. $ER{\alpha}$ is ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression and plays a critical role in endocrine signaling. In previous preclinical and clinical studies, positive $ER{\alpha}$ expression in breast cancer cells was correlated with decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy. This article reviews current knowledge on the predictive value of $ER{\alpha}$ with regard to response to chemotherapy. Better understanding of its role may facilitate patient selection of therapeutic regimens and lead to optimal clinical outcomes.