• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

Background: Meningiomas are the second most common primary intracranial tumors after gliomas. Epigenetic biomarkers such as DNA methylation, which is found in many tumors and is thus important in tumorigenesis can help diagnose meningiomas and predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated aberrant O6-methyl guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in meningiomas. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients were classified according to the WHO grading, and MGMT promoter methylation status was examined via the methylation-Specific PCR(MSP) method. Results: MGMT promoter methylation was found in 22.2% of grade I, 35% of grade I with atypical features, 36% of grade II, and 42.9% of grade III tumors. Conclusions: There was an increase, albeit not statistically significant, in MGMT methylation with a rise in the tumor grade. Higher methylation levels were also observed in the male gender.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.4 s.62
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

In Juam basin, the ratio of non-point pollution source among pollutant loading of basin was significantly high, since the utilization level of land was high. In addition, the most pollutants were not treated and flowed out. In this study, the correlation between non-point source pollutants from the forest area and increasing algae was investigated. 1. Chl-a concentration flowed out to runoff from forest area and stream water was low as $0.1{\sim}20.3{\mu}g/{\ell}$ and $0.1{\sim}9.3{\mu}g/{\ell}$, respectively, and chl-a concentration ($0.1{\sim}28.5{\mu}g/{\ell}$) of branch stream was higher $5{\sim}7$ times than that of runoff from forest area. 2. In correlation between runoff from forest area and Juam lake water, annual chl-a concentration of area front Juam dam was higher twice than forest area. 3. In runoff from forest area within Juam basin, flagellate, green, diatom and blue algae occupied $33.0{\sim}41.7%$, $22.2{\sim}30.8%$, $17.3{\sim}22.5%$ and $13.7{\sim}17.6%$, respectively. 4. In runoff from forest area, both green and diatom algae were maintained constantly irrespectively of season, and flagellate algae dominated since August. 5. In characteristics by forest tree types, four types algae were inhabited in mixed forest, and flagellate algae were higher in conifer and broadleaf forest than in other area. And green algae in herbaceous forest were higher than other area.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide substantial foundation to establish effective sex education plan for female college students. For this purpose, we compared female college students with health related majors and the ones with non-health related majors in knowledge in sex, attitude toward sex, and sexual experience. We took the form of self-recording to survey 269 single female college students. The result is as follows. For knowledge in sex, including reproductive organs, contraception, delivery, sexual disease, and sexual intercourse, students with health-related majors(20.59) gained higher scores than students with non-health related majors(16.82). Scores for attitude toward sex indicated 2.43 for the health related majors and 2.35 for the non-health related majors. Attitude toward pre-marital sex, sex admissibility, and abortion showed especially distinct result between the two groups. Whether a student has ever engaged in sexual intercourse served as a significant variable to determine knowledge in sex overall, and the indexes such as sexual pleasure, chasteness, marital values, and attitude towards sex indicated significant differences. The result may be interpreted that the students with sexual experience tend to show more open attitude toward sex. The result indicated that contraception, pregnancy, and delivery were the parts that the participants most wanted to be educated on. Knowledge in sex is both positively correlated with attitude toward sex and sexual behavior. Also, the result indicates that knowledge in sex, both subjective and objective, significantly affects sexual behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.787-792
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• 2015

Background: Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, originating in the lymphatic organs, whose incidence is increasing in developed as well as developing countries. Epidemiological evidence suggests that aspirin may reduce the incidence and mortality of several cancers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between using aspirin and development of NHL with a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 7 studies were included. Outcome was calculated and reported as odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q and $I^2$ statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot visualization and trim-and-fill analysis. Results: Our analysis showed OR of developing NHL overall of 1(95% CI: 0.87-1.16, p=0.9), and in females this was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.72-.92, p=0.001) and in males 1.01 (95%CI: 0.82-1.26, p=0.86). The odds ratio (OR) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75-0.97, p=0.02), The ORs of follicular lymphoma (FL) and large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in individuals exposed to aspirin were 1.12 (95%CI: 0.86-1.45, p=0.37) and 1.03 (95%CI: 0.9-1.19, p=0.6) respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, individuals taking aspirin do not demonstrate any change in risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose is to understand the perception of medical providers at tertiary hospitals in Seoul on the importance-performance of the reform on a doctor-designation system, and to provide the policy suggestion of the perception on such a system. Methodology: To achieve the purpose, this study utilized structured survey tools to conduct a questionnaire survey of nursing, administrative and medical technology professionals at six tertiary hospitals in Seoul. An importance-performance analysis was utilized for an analysis that showed the perception of the reform on a doctor-designation system. Findings: First, it was identified that those medical providers had the highest perception of the importance about the performance of the reform on a doctor-designation system. Second, according to the result of action grid of an importance-performance analysis (IPA), it can be identified that in the 2nd stage of 'Concentrate here' included are the items as to design and effect of medical care quality and subsidies & patient infection and safety and control fees, effect of income security of the method for compensating for loss established by the government and offering sufficient information on general medical services and doctor-designation medical services. In the 1st stage of 'Keep up the Good Work', and the 2nd stage of 'Concentrate here' included is the item as to the performance of patients of the reform on a doctor designation system. Practical Implications: There could be identified the effect of the reform bill on the perception of medical providers. It is expected that a better environment would be provided for patients to use a hospital and for medical providers to offer medical services, if the goverment makes efforts to improve methods for compensating for loss and continuous monitoring of the performance of patients.

• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

A new macroscopic riverine red algal species, Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales) is described from Manipur in northeast India. It has a sparsely branched, pseudoparenchymatous thallus with a single, central axial filament that lacks cortical filaments. Spermatangia occur generally in isolated, low and indistinct patches or form an almost continuous ring around the axis. Carposporophytes project into the hollow thallus cavity without an ostiole. The most striking morphological feature is the carposporophyte with very short gonimoblast filaments having cylindrical, narrow and sparsely branched sterile filaments, the terminal cell of each branch with a single, large, elongate carpospore. The widely distributed L. fluviatilis has spherical carpospores in long branched chains. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequence data and comparison with other Batrachospermales clearly show that our specimens do not align with other species of Lemanea and Paralemanea investigated thus far. Five specific names attributed in previous literature (1973-2014) to Lemanea from Manipur, L. australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, and L. torulosa are rejected until critical anatomical and molecular evidence is available for specimens from the Manipur river systems. Taxa referable to Paralemanea were not confirmed for India in this study. In view of the high demand for food and medical uses of L. manipurensis in northeast India, conservation measures are needed for its long term survival. The present paper constitutes the first combined morphological / molecular study on a freshwater red alga from India.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.633-640
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• 2011

In this study, the stabilization of an edge flame and the intensity variation of a diffusion branch were investigated using a multi-slot combustor under conditions of high temperature and small fuel-concentration gradient (FCG). The combustor consists of three narrow channels: a quartz channel and two side-heating combustors. For the accuracy of this experimental study, quantitative analysis was carried out for each boundary condition. Stable edge flames could be observed under high-temperature conditions by controlling the FCG and fuel dilution ratio. Moreover, it was found that the intensity of the diffusion flame was increased by increasing the temperature of the mixture. On the contrary, the intensity of the diffusion flame was decreased by increasing the dilution ratio. It was also found that a propane flame is more sensitively affected by these experimental parameters than a methane flame.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7665-7671
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• 2014

Objectives: The association between body mass index (BMI) and ovarian cancer risk is unclear and requires further investigation. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on ovarian cancer risk in the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Data sources: Major electronic databases were searched until February 2014 including Medline and Scopus. Reference lists and relevant conference databases were searched and the authors were contacted for additional unpublished references. Review Methods: All cohort and case-control studies addressing the effect of BMI on ovarian cancer were included, irrespective of publication date and language. The effect measure of choice was risk ratio (RR) for cohort studies and odds ratio (OR) for case-control studies. The results were reported using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 3,776 retrieved studies, 19 were ultimately analyzed including 10 cohort studies involving 29,237,219 person-years and 9 case-control studies involving 96,965 people. The results of both cohort and case-control studies showed being overweight and obesity increased the risk of ovarian cancer compared to women with normal weight during both premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: RR=1.08 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.19) and OR=1.26 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.63) for overweight and RR=1.27 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.38) and OR=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.50) for obesity. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that an increase in BMI can increase the risk of ovarian cancer regardless of the menopausal status, mimicking a dose-response relationship although the association is not very strong.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.586-594
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• 2013

This paper proposes a new coupling element of microwave slot coupler for designing waveguide slot array which can reduce the effect of undesired higher order mode coupling between coupling and radiating slots in the branch waveguide. The proposed device is composed of a centered longitudinal shunt-series coupling slot at the center of broad wall shared by two crossed rectangular waveguides and an asymmetric compound iris that excites the coupling slot. We first have obtained scattering parameters for the proposed coupler by use of EM S/W tool HFSS and then extracted the parameters of T- network equivalent circuit for the coupling slot. We also have analyzed the resonant properties such as resonant length and normalized admittance by changing the geometrical dimensions. The measured results for the fabricated coupler with short-circuited block ${\lambda}_g/4$ away from the coupling slot are well agreed with the simulated ones.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.221-235
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• 2015

Risk assessment is an important phase of risk management. It is the stage in which risk is measured thoroughly to achieve effective management. Some factors such as probability and impact of risk have been used in the literature related to construction projects. Because in high-rise projects safety issues are paramount, this study has tried to develop a quantifying technique that takes into account three factors: probability, impact and Safety Performance Index (SPI) where the SPI is defined as the capability of an appropriate response to reduce or limit the effect of an event after its occurrence with regard to safety pertaining to a project. Regarding risk-related literatures which cover an uncertain subject, the proposed method developed in this research is based on a fuzzy logic approach. This approach entails a questionnaire in which the subjectivity and vagueness of responses is dealt with by using triangular fuzzy numbers instead of linguistic terms. This method returns a Risk Critical Point (RCP) on a zoning chart that places risks under categories: critical, critical-probability, critical-impact, and non-critical. The high-rise project in the execution phase has been taken as a case study to confirm the applicability of the proposed method. The monitoring results showed that the RCP method has the inherent ability to be extended to subsequent applications in the phases of risk response and control.