• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2015

Fluorine-doped $SnO_2$ (FTO) thin film/Ag nanowire (NW) double layers were fabricated by means of spin coating and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. To investigate the optimum thickness of the FTO thin films when used as protection layer for Ag NWs, the deposition time of the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process was varied at 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10 min. The structural, chemical, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of the double layers were examined using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the Hall effect measurement system, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Although pure Ag NWs formed isolated droplet-shaped Ag particles at an annealing temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, Ag NWs covered by FTO thin films maintained their high-aspect-ratio morphology. As the deposition time of the FTO thin films increased, the electrical and optical properties of the double layers degraded gradually. Therefore, the double layer fabricated with FTO thin films deposited for 1 min exhibited superb sheet resistance (${\sim}14.9{\Omega}/{\Box}$), high optical transmittance (~88.6 %), the best FOM (${\sim}19.9{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}^{-1}$), and excellent thermal stability at an annealing temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ owing to the good morphology maintenance of the Ag NWs covered by FTO thin films.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 1998

To understand the tissue specific expression pattern of S RNase genes associated with self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum, two promoter regions of $S_{11}$ and $S_{12}$ RNase genes were compared. Homologous sequences between two S RNase gene promoters were found within 300 bp upstream of transcription start site. Moreover short direct repeat sequences within $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter existed in the vicinity of 350-500 bp upstream of transcription start site. To identify whether the unique promoter sequences of $S_{11}$ RNase gene confer the tissue specific expression, six deletion fragments for $S_{11}$ genomic gene promoter constructed by PCR were fused to $\beta$-glucuronidase gene, and introduced into various tissues of L. peruvianum by microprojectile bombardment. Transient expression assays indicated that $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter contained the positive and negative regulatory sequences, which can control the floral tissue-specific expression in L. peruvianum.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.213-231
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 6th graders' understanding of the concepts of variable on various aspects of school algebra. For this purpose, the test of concepts of variable targeting a sixth-grade class was conducted and then two students were selected for in-depth interview. The level of mathematics achievement of the two students was not significantly different but there were differences between them in terms of understanding about the concepts of variable. The results obtained in this study are as follows: First, the students had little basic understanding of the variables and they had many cognitive difficulties with respect to the variables. Second, the students were familiar with only the symbol '${\Box}$' not the other letters nor symbols. Third, students comprehended the variable as generalizers imperfectly. Fourth, the students' skill of operations between letters was below expectations and there was the student who omitted the mathematical sign in letter expressions including the mathematical sign such as x+3. Fifth, the students lacked the ability to reason the patterns inductively and symbolize them using variables. Sixth, in connection with the variables in functional relationships, the students were more familiar with the potential and discrete variation than practical and continuous variation. On the basis of the results, this study gives several implications related to the early algebra education, especially the teaching methods of variables.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.79-82
• /
• 2014

Mowat-Wilson syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease that is characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, Hirschsprung's disease, and other congenital anomalies. This disorder is caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions in the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox-2 gene (ZEB2). Thus far, approximately 200 cases of Mowat-Wilson syndrome have been reported worldwide. In Korea, only one case with a 2q22 deletion, which also affects ZEB2, has been previously reported. Here, we describe a patient with Mowat-Wilson syndrome who presented with developmental delays, typical facial dysmorphism, and Hirschsprung's disease. Molecular analysis of ZEB2 identified a novel heterozygous mutation at c.190dup ($p.S64Kfs^*6$). To our knowledge, this is the second report of a Korean patient with Mowat-Wilson syndrome that has been confirmed genetically.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.842-847
• /
• 1998

Ohmic thawing in combination with conventional water immersion thawing was investigated. Frozen meat chunks $(10{\times}10{\times}10{\;}cm)$ were immersed in a water reservoir $(12{\times}12{\times}12{\;}cm)$ which temperature was maintained at $10^{\circ}C{\;}or{\;}20^{\circ}C$, and were positioned between two stainless-steel electrodes $(10{\times}10{\;}cm)$ having no direct contact with the samples. Alternating current $(60{\;}V{\sim}210{\;}V)$ at various frequency $(60{\;}Hz{\sim}60{\;}kHz)$ was used to generate internal heat by the electrical resistance. When the frequency was fixed to 60Hz, thawing time was reduced as the voltage increased. Frequency changes gave no significant effect on thawing time. Ohmically-thawed samples treated with lower voltage showed lower drip loss and higher water holding capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
• /
• 2001.04b
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2001

Stem firmness and flowering response of cut lily as influenced by medium composition (Control: Upland soil, Pt: Peatmoss, Pe: Perlite, Ve: Vermiculite, Rrh: Rotted rice-hull, RPt: Russian Peatmoss) were studied. For 'Casa Blanca', plant height and length of flower stalk increased when bulbs were planted in Pt:Rrh:Ve(1:1:1, v/v), and dried leaves of lower part plants decreased by RPt:Pe:Rrh(1:1:1, v/v). In case of 'Marco Polo' plant height and length of flower stalk increased with Pt:Rrh(1:1, v/v) as compared to other treatment, number of leaves and dried leaves increased when bulbs were planted in RPt:Pe:Rrh(1:1:1, v/v) as compared to control. Flowering of 'Casa Blanca' was promoted in Pt:Pe:Ve(1:1:1, v/v) and 'Marco Polo' was accelerated in Pt:Rrh:Ve(1:1:1, v/v). Flower length of 'Casa Blanca' was increased by RPt:Pe:Rrh(1 :1 :1, v/v) as compared with control and 'Marco Polo' was increased when bulbs planted to Pt:Rrh(1 :1, v/v). Flower-bud blasting of two cultivars was increased with Pt as compared with other treatment. Stem firmness of 'Casa Blanca' was increased by Pt:Pe:Ve (1:1 :1, v/v), and especially, stem firmness of upper part plants was increased by Pt:Rrh(1 :1, v/v) in 'Marco Polo' as compared to control plants. but generally, stem firmness of 'Casa Blanca' was not influenced with all cultural media as compared to control.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.307-310
• /
• 2011

We have investigated the structural, electrical and optical properties of $In_2O_3$ thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and then annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. The structural and electrical properties are strongly related to annealing temperature. All the annealed $In_2O_3$ films are grown as a hexagonal wurtzite phase and the largest grain size is observed in the films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance decreases with a increase in annealing temperature and $In_2O_3$ film annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ shows the lowest sheet resistance of $174{\Omega}/{\Box}$. The optical transmittance of $In_2O_3$ films in a visible wavelength region also depends on the annealing temperature. The films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ show higher transmittance of 76% than those of the films prepared in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2018

In this study, the electrical conductivity, transmittance and gas barrier properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films were studied. DLC is an insulator, and has transmittance and oxygen gas barrier properties varying depending on the thickness of the thin film. Recently, many researchers have been trying to apply DLC properties to specific industrial conditions. The DLC thin films were deposited by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) process. The doping gas was used for the DLC film to have electrical conductivity, and the optimum conditions of transmittance and gas barrier properties were established by adjusting the gas ratio and DLC thickness. In order to improve the electrical conductivity of the DLC thin film, $N_2$ doping gas was used for $CH_4$ or $C_2H_2$ gas. Then, a heat treatment process was performed for 30 minutes in a box furnace set at $200^{\circ}C$. The lowest sheet resistance value of the DLC film was found to be $18.11k{\Omega}/cm^2$. On the other hand, the maximum transmittance of the DLC film deposited on the PET substrate was 98.8%, and the minimum oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the DLC film of $C_2H_2$ gas was 0.83.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.517-522
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate food allergens and prevalence rates of food allergies, followed by comparison of consumer attitudes and preferences regarding food allergy labeling by diagnosis of food allergies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 543 individuals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area participated in the survey from October 15 to 22 in 2013. RESULTS: The results show that the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed food allergies was 17.5%, whereas 6.4% of respondents self-reported food allergies. The most common allergens of doctor-diagnosed and self-reported food allergy respondents were peaches (30.3%) and eggs (33.3%), respectively, followed by peanuts, cow's milk, and crab. Regarding consumer attitudes toward food labeling, checking food allergens as an item was only significantly different between allergic and non-allergic respondents among all five items (P < 0.001). All respondents reported that all six items (bold font, font color, box frame, warning statement, front label, and addition of potential allergens) were necessary for an improved food allergen labeling system. PLSR analysis determined that the doctor-diagnosed group and checking of food allergens were positively correlated, whereas the non-allergy group was more concerned with checking product brands. CONCLUSIONS: An effective food labeling system is very important for health protection of allergic consumers. Additionally, government agencies must develop policies regarding prevalence of food allergies in Korea. Based on this information, the food industry and government agencies should provide clear and accurate food labeling practices for consumers.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.3 no.10
• /
• pp.351-356
• /
• 2014

Recently, automobile black boxes have evolved to support functionality to transfer videos stored in them into mobile phones via wireless network, from which the videos can be utilized for various purposes. This paper presents a method for automation of traffic violation reports using the automobile black boxes. When a traffic violation is captured by a black box, the proposed method helps a user to transfer the video capturing it into a mobile phone through a simple UI operation. With the video, an HTTP request to report the violation is automatically generated from the mobile phone, and then is transferred to a cyber-report center. We present a prototype system that implements the proposed method, and discuss several issues necessary to apply the method to real-world applications.