• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

The occurrence of postharvest disease of apple was surveyed from 1995 to 1997 in the major apple-producing area in Korea. Ten genera including Alternaria spp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the decayed apple fruits. Of these, B. cinerea, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. were frequently isolated and were highly pathogenic to apple fruits. Optimum temperature of mycelial growth for Penicillium spp. ranged from 10 to $30^{\circ}C$ and that of mycelial growth for B. cinerea and Alternaria spp. ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$. Optimum temperature of sporulation of Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. ranged $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Occurrence of postharvest disease of apple increased in neglecting selection of wounded fruits before storing apples. Most of these fungi causing postharvest diseases such as Penicillium spp, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp. were isolated from healthy fruits sampled at apple orchard. These results suggested that posthavest diseases of apple were originated from apple fruits contaminated from apple orchard and occurred during storage. In addition, five fungicides including prochloraz EC, fenari EC, captan WP, benomyl WP and folpet WP suppressed posthavest diseases when they sprayed on apple fruits at 30 days before harvesting.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.292-294
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• 2013

In February 2010, the grayish fungus was found on Neofinetia falcata at Namsa-myeon, Yongin city, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The symptoms start mainly on the leaves and stems, and the infected stems were rotten. Many conidia appeared on the lesions under humid condition. Colonies were grayish brown color and sclerotial formation was observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia were mostly ellipsoidal to ovoid in shape, hyaline, one-celled, and $5.3-16.5{\times}3.8-11.0{\mu}m$ in size. Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity, the causal fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers. This is the first report of gray mold on N. falcata caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2004

In March of 2003, the gray mold occurred severely on pea (Pisum sativum) grown in the green houses and open fields in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The symptoms started with water-soaking lesions in the leaves, stems and pods. The typical symptoms of the leaves, stems and pods became withered, discolored and blighted, and then eventually died. The mycelia, conidia and conidiophore of the pathogen appeared on leaves, stems and pods. The conidia were gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in the shape and were $8{\sim}17{\times}5{\sim}13\;{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores were $14{\sim}30\;{\mu}m$ in size. The sclerotia were formed abundantly on potato dextrose agar. The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proven according to Koch's postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report on gray mold of Pisum sativum caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2002

In February of 2002, the gray mold disease occurred severely on primular(primular spp.) grown in a flower nursery farm in Jinju, Korea. At first, the infected leaves were discolored to gray or dark from the tip and gradually expanded to die. The fungus attacked not only leaves but petals, calyx flower stalk and stems. Conidia of the fungus in mass were hyaline or gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid and sized 6.8~16.9$\times$4.6~12.4 $\mu$m. Conidiophores were wide of 15.9~31.6$\mu$m in size. The sclerotia were readily formed potato-dextrose agar and optimum temperature far sclerotial formation was 2$0^{\circ}C$. Pathogenecity of the causal organism was and preyed according to Koch\`s postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report on gray mold of primula caused by Botrytis cinerea in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.213-216
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• 2011

Gray mold symptoms were frequently observed on green twigs, blossoms, leaves, and fruits of blueberry trees grown in greenhouses in Cheongyang, Dangjin, Daejeon, and Jeju during disease survey in eight locations of Korea from 2007 to 2010. The disease symptoms were not observed in the fields of the other locations investigated. The disease incidence ranged 1~30% in the greenhouses investigated. A total of 27 single spore isolates of Botrytis species were obtained from the gray mold symptoms, and all the isolates were identified as Botrytis cinerea based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to leaves of four varieties of blueberry trees by artificial inoculation with conidial suspensions. All the tested isolates caused gray mold symptoms on the leaves, which were similar to those observed in the greenhouses. This is the first report that B. cinerea causes gray mold of blueberry trees grown in greenhouses in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2006

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on Agastache rugosa was occurred at a field of Jinju from 2003 to 2005. The disease symptoms started with water-soaked lesions in the leaves and stem, then these infected lesions became withered, discolored, rotten and died eventually. The fungal pathogen was isolated from the lesions. The fungal conidia were one-celled and mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and light gray in color and $4{\sim}20{\times}4{\sim}13\;{\mu}m$ in size. The fungal conidiophores were $14{\sim}28\;{\mu}m$ in width. The Pathogen formed sclerotia abundantly on PDA. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was $20^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulates. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test, the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea. This is the first report on gray mold of Agastache rugosa caused by B. cinerea in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

In May of 2002, the gray mold disease occurred severely on broad bean (Vicia faba) grown in farmer's fields located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongnam provice, Korea. The infected leaves, at first, discolored to gray or dark from the tip, and eventually died. Conidia of the fungus in mass were hyaline or gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid and sized 6~22$\times$4~16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Thick conidiophores were formed on PDA with 15~37 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in width. The sclerotia were readily formed potato-dextrose agar and optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was 2$0^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulate. The causal organism was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on its mycological characteristics. This is tile first report on gray mold of broad bean (Vicia faba) caused by Botrytis cinerea in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.251-254
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• 2011

Botrytis cinerea infects stems and leaves of greenhouse tomatoes and can cause serious economic losses. This study was conducted to develop environment-friendly control method against tomato gray mold. Antagonistic microorganisms (bacteria) were screened for control activity against Botrytis cinerea, both in vitro and in vivo, using stem sections. One hundred bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of various plants including tomato. These strains were screened for growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea on agar plate by the dual culture and thirty strains showing strongly inhibitory effect against the pathogen were selected first. Among thirty strains, JB 5-12, JB 22-2, JB 22-3, U 4-8 and U46-6 reduced significantly disease incidence, when applied simultaneously with the pathogen. These results suggested that five antagonistic bacteria strains selected have the potential to control tomato gray mold in organic farming.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.614-621
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• 2010

Propamidine, an aromatic diamidine compound, is widely used as an antimicrobial agent. To uncover its mechanism on pathogenetic fungi, Botrytis cinerea as an object was used to investigate effects of propamidine in this paper. The transmission electron microscope results showed that the mitochondrial membranes were collapsed after propamidine treatment, followed that mitochondria were disrupted. Inhibition of whole-cell and mitochondrial respiration by propamidine suggested that Propamidine is most likely an inhibitor of electron transport within Botrytis cinerea mitochondria. Furthermore, the mitochondrial complex III activity were inhibited by propamidine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2001

Botrytis cinerea E12 was isolated from the leaves, flowers and fruits of eggplant in the greenhouse in Halrim, Kimhae and Dejeo, Pusan. The leaves infected with the pathogen were appeared initially brown-color, small gray spots at the edge, and finally fall down. The fruit was showed the symptoms of circular or irregular shapes, followed by sunken. When the symptoms were developed, the conidia formed on the surface with gray color. To determine the pathogenicity of B. cinerea E12 against the eggplants, the conidia were suspended with 30% tomato juice, PDB and sterile water, respectively. The result showed that the conidial suspension with 30% tomato juice was highly effective on the pathogenicity as more than 90%. Moreover, the symptoms caused by inoculum were the same as those of wild-type pathogen.