• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

Purpose : The majority of PCL deficient knees have some intact remnant PCL bundles. In these cases, the remnant PCL bundles were removed fur easy passage of graft(especially in bone-patellar tendon-bone graft). The purpose of study is to report the results of PCL reconstruction by posterior transseptal portal technique and by preserving the remnant posterior cruciate ligament bundles. Materials & Methods : From November 1993 to June 1999, 44 arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions have been performed by one surgeon. We studied 37 knees those were followed up over 1 year among them. The mean age($14\~56$ years) was 31.8 years. The average follow-up period was 17.8 months($12\~61$ months). The graft materials were 29 double-loop hamstring autografts, 4 double-loop hamstring allografts and 4 Achilles tendon-bone allograft. Results : There are significant improvement of the preoperative subjective symptoms. The last follow-up shows that the average Lysholm knee score was markedly improved from 59.8 pre-operation to 89.2 post-operation and the average KT 2000 side difference was decreased from 11.1mm pre-operation to 2.3 mm post-operation. Follow-up MRI showed that the graft was healed with remnant posterior cruciate ligament bundles as one ligament. Conclusion : The posterior trans-septal portal makes it possible to locate the exact tibial tunnel. The arthroscopic PCL reconstruction preserving the remnant of original PCL bundles seems to provide the good result.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the results of tibial lateral plateau fractures using arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation without cortical window or bone grafts. Materials and Methods: From March 2009 to March 2017, 27 patients with Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures with articular depression and displacement over 5 mm on a computed tomography (CT) scan, who were treated with arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation and followed-up for at least 18 months, were enrolled in this study. Under arthroscopic guidance, the depressed fracture fragment was reduced using a freer and fixed with 5.0 or 6.5 mm cannulated screws through the inframeniscal portal without a cortical window or bone graft. The clinical and radiological results were evaluated using a Rasmussen system. Second look arthroscopy was performed in thirteen patients during the implant removal operation. Results: All fractures healed completely with a mean union time of 8.7 weeks (range from 8 to 12 weeks). Twenty four patients had good to excellent clinical results and 25 patients had good to excellent radiological results according to the Rasmussen classification. A well-healed articular surface with fibrocartilage was also found in 13 cases with second look arthroscopy. The 8 cases on CT scan at outpatient department follow-up showed bone union without bone grafting. Conclusion: Arthroscopic-assisted fixation of tibial lateral plateau fractures is a useful method without a cortical window or bone graft that produces good clinical results.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the survival rate and the marginal bone level of dental implants that have functioned over 7-years. Materials and Methods: In 92 patients, 178 dental implants were included. Implant-related factors (diameter, length, prosthetic splint), patient-related factors (gender, smoking, plaque index, compliance to supportive periodontal therapy) and surgery-related factors (proficiency of surgeon, bone graft) were evaluated via clinical and radiographic examination. The marginal bone level was determined by intraoral standard radiography at the mesial and distal aspects of each implant using an image analysis software program. Results: The survival rate of all the implants was 94.94% and the marginal bone level was $0.89{\pm}1.05mm$, these results are consistent with other studies that present long-term good clinical results. Implant length and plaque index among several factors were statistically significant for implant survival rate (P < 0.05). Smoking and the presence of regeneration surgery were statistically significant for the marginal bone level (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dental implant that have functioned over 7-years showed favorable long-term survival rates and marginal bone level. Implant length and plaque control should be considered for improving the long-term clinical results. It is needed that careful application of bone regeneration technique and smoking control for maintaining of marginal bone level.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the clinical effect of cultured autoglogous osteoblasts as a way to treat the defect of mandible in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twelve rabbits were used to determine the rate of osteogenesis. The osteoblasts were obtained from the iliac crest of rabbits using aspiration. They were then cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles's Medium (DMEM) with beta-glycerophosophatate, L-ascorbicacid, and dexamethasone to proliferate and differentiate osteoprogenitor cells. The expression of osteogenic markers were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and silver nitrate staining techniques. Five, 10-mm holes were placed in each rabbit mandible to simulate defective regions with the use of a low speed trephine bur. In the experimental group, the previously cited defects were grafted with both activated osteoblastic and autogenous bone. The control group, however, was only grafted with autogenous bone. Both groups were then analyzed at 2, 4, and 8-week intervals using bone histomorphometric analysis. Results: According to histomorphologic analysis, the rates of new bone formation at the 2, 4, and 8-week intervals were 36%, 51%, and 23% for the control group, respectively; 52%, 39%, and 28%, for the experimental group, respectively. The experimental group showed higher rates of new bone formation compared to the control group at both the 2-week and 8-week interval. Conclusion: Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts seems to be a promising bone graft material.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.374-390
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• 1993

Regeneration of periodontal tissue after a loss of attachment due to disease or trauma repesents an important issue in dentistry, and various bone graft materials have been used to regenerated lost periodontal tissue and restore proper fuctions. Among those, allografts have been extensively researched and widely used clinically, since they are known to possess an excellent osteoinduction capability and result in proper topography of alveolar bone. Regeneration of periodontal tissue in supraalveolar defects may be technically difficult. However, a large amount of regeneration has been observed by complete tissue coverage of involved teeth. In this study, supraalveolar defects in adult dogs were treated with periodontal surgery, decalcified freez-dried bone allograft, complete tissue coverage was attained, and effects on repair and regeneration of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament were studied. Exposure of premolar furcation of adult dogs was attained by removing marginal alveolar bone down to 5mm from CEJ, and root surfaces were planed with curettes. On the left side, defects were treated without any allograft(Control Group). On the right side, a DFDB was used(Experimental Group). In all groups, flaps were coronally positioned and sutured, completely submerging the treated defects. At two weeks, the crown were exposed 2-3mm. Healing progresses were histologically observed after eight weeks and the results were as follows : 1. Distance from CEJ to AJE was : $2.82{\pm}0.66mm$ in the control group, $1.71{\pm}0.51mm$ in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) 2. Periodontal repair was : $2.18{\pm}0.66mm$ in the control group, $3.29{\pm}0.51mm$ in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) 3. Connective tissue repair was : $1.43{\pm}0.52mm$ in the control group, $0.76{\pm}0.47mm$ in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) Orientation of connective tissue fibers in relation to root surfaces was : mostly parallel in the control group, vertical or parallel or irregular in experimental group. 4. The amount of cementum formation was : $1.66{\pm}0.58mm$ in the control group, $2.86{\pm}0.66mm$ in experimental group, with significant differences between groups. 5. The amount of alveolar bone formation was : $0.76{\pm}0.72mm$ in the control group, $2.53{\pm}0.56mm$ in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01)

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

Purpose: We analyse and report the result of transfibular ankle arthrodesis using lateral malleolar saving procedureversus lateral malleolar sacrificing procedure. Materials and Methods: Eighteen cases of transfibular ankle arthrodesis which were performed since 2001 were included. We devided them into lateral malleolar saving and lateral malleolar sacrificing groups. We reattached and fixed lateral malleolus in 10 cases and sacrificed malleolus for morcelized bone graft in 8 cases. We evaluated clinical results by AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and radiological results by union time. Complications and subjective satisfaction degrees were also recorded and compared between two groups. Results: Preoperative mean AOFAS score was 32 points (16~41) and VAS was 7.5 points (7~8) and they were changed into 68.6 points (61~77) and 2.8 points (2~4) postoperatively. There was no significant difference in clinical results between the two groups even though lateral malleolar saving group showed higher AOFAS score (69.4) than lateral malleolar sacrificing group (67.7). Duration of getting union was 11.3 weeks in lateral malleolar saving group and 10.6 weeks in lateral malleolar sacrificing group. There was no difference in subjective satisfaction level. There were one delayed union and one nonunion in lateral malleolar sacrificing group and one nonunion in lateral malleolar saving group. Conclusion: There was no difference in clinical and radiological results between lateral malleolar saving group and lateral malleolar sacrificing group of transfibular ankle arthrodesis. Therefore it may not necessary to sacrifice lateral malleolus for bone graft except very selective case for which heavy graft is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2007

Purpose: To report the results of graft retention treatment for infection cases after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction. Materials and Methods: From a group of 511 consecutive ACL reconstruction patients, we report 5 who sustained septic arthritis. All patients underwent arthroscopic lavage, debridement, synovectomy with graft retention, and treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Results: All patients were evaluated at an average of 34 months after operation. The infection was successfully eradicated. No patient showed instability with KT-2000 arthrometer testing. The clinical outcome was inferior to normal ACL reconstruction patients. Two patients were graded as nearly normal and 3 patients were graded as abnormal with International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation form. Conclusion: There were no recurrences of septic arthritis or bone infection with graft retention treatment for infection patients after ACL reconstruction.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the result of inlay cortical strut bone grafts for large cysts or cavitary bone lesions in long bones. Materials and Methods: Seven patients with large cyst or cavitary bony lesions were managed with curettage, allogeneic inlay cortical strut and cancellous bone grafts. Additional plate and screw fixations were performed in 6 patients. There were three SBCs, two FDs with secondary ABC changes, one FD and one post-cement spacer removal state. Three of them had pathologic fractures. Progression of bone healing and mechanical support and functional result were evaluated. The mean follow-up period was 25.4 months. Results: Incorporations into host bones were progressed in all, average 4.2 months in six metaphyseal regions and 5.8 months in five diaphyseal regions respectively. Full structural supports were achieved in all except one patient without any additional procedures. No allograft-related complication was developed. Mean functional score according to the MSTS criteria was 29.6 at last follow up. Conclusion: Inlay cortical strut graft provided additional mechanical stability and bone stock for screw purchase in large cyst or cavitary defects of long bones, which allow early mobilization and excellent functional outcome.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and the biorsorbability of several types of calcium polyphosphate made through change of manufacturing process for 12 month. To solve limitation of calcium phosphate, we developed a new ceramic, Calcium Polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP blocks were prepared by condensation of anhydrous $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$ to form non-crystalline $Ca(PO_3)_2$ and then milled to produce CPP powder. CPP powder, CPP block, and CPP granules added with $Na_2O$ were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 months later. Like 3 months results, histologic observation at 12 months revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any adverse tissue reaction, CPP powder show direct bony contact, but new bone formation and fibrous tissue encapsulation showed in CPP block. 10% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show more inflammatory cells infiltration around graft materials compared at 3 month, but 15% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show less. This result revealed that regardless of addition of $Na_2O$, CPP had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of $Na_2O$ help biodegradation but optimal concentration of $Na_2O$ and other additive component to increase degradation rate should be determined in further study.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2002

Purpose: To estimate the initial and early phase fixation power of the human bone interference screw in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft. Materials and Methods: The results of twenty eight knees of reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft were analysed in 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and one year following operation. Physical examination including Lachman test, flexion rotation drawer test and jerk test were performed. The KT-1000 measurement was performed at the same time. In Lachman test 0 $\~$2mm anterior displacement of the tibia was considered normal. The KT-1000 measurement of normal side was compared with operation side and the difference of the two was recorded. The MRI was checked at final follow-up. Results: All but one knee showed normal in physical examination. The failed case showed proximal migration of the graft due to insufficient number of interference screw fixation in widened tibial tunnel. Conclusions: The human cortical bone interference screw showed sufficient initial and early phase fixation power in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.