• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2020

The body odor as well as the skin changes has become an important issue. Humans leave respective specific odors dependent on sex and age; The odor has been known to affect social relationship of human. In this study, we wanted to confirm the possibility as parameters to evaluate body odor into existing odor evaluation methods by experts. The 15 subjects, aged from 50 to 61 years wore cotton t-shirts for 72 hours and collected body odor. The cotton t-shirts containing body odor were used for sensory evaluation and EEG measurement by the odor experts. In order to evaluate body odors of each subject, an odor sensory evaluation and electroencephalogram (EEG) were conducted by odor exports and the correlation in between two assessments was analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis shows negative correlation of the sensory evaluation versus 'Excitement' in EEG parameter (r = - 0.649, p = 0.009) and positive correlation of the sensory evaluation versus 'Stress' in EEG parameter (r = 0.704, p = 0.003). In conclusion, it is considered that the evaluation of body odor through EEG measurement can be used as a method to complement the odor evaluation by experts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.115-116
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• 1999

대기 중으로 발산되어 인간의 감각기관을 자극함으로써 불쾌감을 유발하고 집중력을 저하시키는 등 일상생활에 좋지 않은 영향을 주는 악취를 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 취기를 감지할 수 있는 최저농도를 평가하는 감지역취(Threshold)의 결정, 냄새가 얼마나 강한가를 평가하는 악취강도(Odor Intensity) 측정, 냄새의 종류를 판단하는 냄새 질(Odor Quality) 판정 등 악취의 성질을 표현하는 여러 방법이 사용되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of Web Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.741-755
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• 2022

In this study, odor components were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and odor-active compounds (OACs) were identified using GC-olfactometry (GC-O). Among the volatile compounds identified through GC-O, p-anisaldehyde, limonene, estragole, anethole, and trans-anethole elicit the fennel odor. In particular, trans-anethole showed the highest odor intensity and content. Changes in body weight during the experimental period showed decreasing values of fennel essential oil (FEO)-inhaled groups, with both body fat and visceral fat showing decreased levels. An improvement in the body's lipid metabolism was observed, as indicated by the increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased levels of insulin in the FEO-inhaled groups compared to group H. Furthermore, the reduction in systolic blood pressure and pulse through the inhalation of FEO was confirmed. Our results indicated that FEO inhalation affected certain lipid metabolisms and cardiovascular health, which are obesity-related dysfunction indicators. Accordingly, this study can provide basic research data for further research as to protective applications of FEO, as well as their volatile profiles.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2024

Objectives : The study aims to report a suspected case of trimethylaminuria (TMAU) that developed during a herbal medicine-based diet for obesity treatment. Trimethylaminuria, characterized by a fishy body odor, can lead to significant social and psychological distress. The objective is to explore whether the prescribed Korean herbal medicine treatment could alleviate TMAU symptoms, providing insight into a potential integrative approach for managing this metabolic disorder. Methods : A 27-year-old woman who experienced significant body odor changes during a weight loss treatment with herbal medicine was observed retrospectively. The treatment initially focused on weight loss, but was modified to address the odor symptoms. Various herbal formulations were prescribed, and changes in body odor intensity were monitored using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Classification of Odor Intensity (COI) by medical staff. Results : After modifying the herbal treatment, the patient's symptoms of body odor, initially at NRS 8.5 and COI 4, gradually improved over several months. By the end of the treatment, both NRS and COI had reached 0, indicating a complete resolution of odor symptoms. Conclusions : This case suggests that herbal medicine could be an effective treatment for alleviating the symptoms of TMAU. Further research is needed to determine the precise role of herbal formulations in managing metabolic disorders like TMAU, as this study highlights the potential benefits of integrative Korean medicine in managing complex metabolic conditions.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

Using GC/MS and GC/Olfactmetry analysis, we identified two vinyl ketones such as 1-Octen-3-one (OEO) and cis-1, 5-Octadien-3-one (ODO) as key materials in axillary odor. OEO and ODO showed a strong metallic odor and low odor threshold. These two materials were occurred from the reaction of unsaturated long fatty acids in lipids and the iron ion in our body's metabolism. Then, it was recognized that Morus alba (Japanese name, Kuwa) extract, one of the plant extract, showed a very good effect to control the generation of these vinyl ketones due to its remarkable anti-oxidization effects.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the decomposition efficiency of $NH_3$ odor gas using high frequency surface discharge body. The results from this study are as follows; 1, Voltage and frequency of electric elements have effects on removal of $NH_3$ odor. The higher these two elements were set up, the more efficiently deodorizing processing worked. In this experiment, the optimum voltage and frequency applicable were observed around AC 6.0 kVp-p and 24.0 kHz respectively. 2. The temperature, humidity and residence time were observed strong variables for NH$_3$ removal process. Its performance had limits at high temperature and humidity conditions. The longer the residence time continued, the more efficiently deodorization process worked. The experimental results showed that the deodorization was efficiently processed under such conditions as $30.0^{\circ}C$ in temperature, 60rh% in humidity and 0.3 sec in residence time. 3. It was observed that in deodorization experiment, $NH_3$ odor gas was perfectly decomposed under the concentration condition below 15.0ppm. Moreover it was considered as economic and practical in terms of maintenance cost when compared with other deodorization methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.94-97
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• 2017

Trimethylaminuria (TMAuria), known as "fish odor syndrome," is a congenital metabolic disorder characterized by an odor resembling that of rotting fish. This odor is caused by the secretion of trimethylamine (TMA) in the breath, sweat, and body secretions and the excretion of TMA along with urine. TMAuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). Most TMAuria cases are caused by missense mutations, but nonsense mutations have also been reported in these cases. Here, we describe the identification of a novel FMO3 gene mutation in a patient with TMAuria and her family. A 3-year-old girl presented with a strong corporal odor after ingesting fish. Genomic DNA sequence analysis revealed that she had compound heterozygous FMO3 mutations; One mutation was the missense mutation p.Val158Ile in exon 3, and the other was a novel nonsense mutation, p.Ser364X, in exon 7 of the FMO3 gene. Familial genetic analyses showed that the p.Val158Ile mutation was derived from the same allele in the father, and the p.Ser364X mutation was derived from the mother. This is the first description of the p.Ser364X mutation, and the first report of a Korean patient with TMAuria caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2013

Clothes that retain and emanate body odor feel uncomfortable and unclean; subsequently, the adsorption, desorption and removal amounts of malodorous compounds from fabrics with different polarities were examined. 1-Octen-3-one, octanal and isovaleric acid, which are important malodor compounds from the body, were used as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Samples were prepared with unfinished and ${\beta}$-CD finished cotton, nylon and PET fabrics. The amounts of VOCs retained on the fabrics were measured using headspace GC-MS; in addition, the odor intensity of the samples were evaluated by 10 trained panelists. The amounts adsorbed were estimated by weight gain; however, moisture was found to have a larger effect on the increase in weight than VOCs. The polarity of the VOCs decreased in the order of isovaleric acid, octanal and 1-octen-3-one. Despite the exceptionally large amounts of octanal adsorbed on the nylon sample, the amounts of malodorous compounds adsorbed on fabrics increased with the decreasing VOC molecular weight. The unfinished PET sample adsorbed more VOCs than the unfinished-fabric samples. The odor intensity was mostly weaker in the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics than in the unfinished fabrics. The odor intensity of the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics was lower than unfinished fabrics. The amount of VOCs that remained on the soiled fabric samples after storing in air for 24 hrs decreased with the increasing VOC vapor pressure. Most VOCs were removed by washing; however, more VOCs were left on the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics than unfinished fabrics. The intensity of the odor from the unfinished PET and ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics was stronger and weaker, respectively, than that of other fabrics, even when the same amounts of VOCs remained.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1263-1273
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) levels on the physiological response, reproductive performance, blood profiles, milk composition and odor emission in gestating sows. Methods: Seventy-two multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) of average body weight (BW), backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of six treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets with different CP levels were as follows: i) CP11, corn-soybean-based diet containing 11% CP; ii) CP12, corn-soybean-based diet containing 12% CP; iii) CP13, corn-soybean-based diet containing 13% CP; iv) CP14, corn-soybean-based diet containing 14% CP; v) CP15, corn-soybean-based diet containing 15% CP; and vi) CP16: corn-soybean-based diet containing 16% CP. Results: There was no significant difference in the performance of sow or piglet growth when sows were fed different dietary protein levels. Milk fat (linear, p = 0.05) and total solids (linear, p = 0.04) decreased as dietary CP levels increased. Increasing dietary CP levels in the gestation diet caused a significant increase in creatinine at days 35 and 110 of gestation (linear, p = 0.01; linear, p = 0.01). The total protein in sows also increased as dietary CP levels increased during the gestation period and 24 hours postpartum (linear, p = 0.01; linear, p = 0.01). During the whole experimental period, an increase in urea in sows was observed when sows were fed increasing levels of dietary CP (linear, p = 0.01), and increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were observed as well. In the blood parameters of piglets, there were linear improvements in creatinine (linear, p = 0.01), total protein (linear, p = 0.01), urea (linear, p = 0.01), and BUN (linear, p = 0.01) with increasing levels of dietary CP as measured 24 hours postpartum. At two measurement points (days 35 and 110) of gestation, the odor gas concentration, including amine, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide, increased linearly when sows fed diets with increasing levels of dietary CP (linear, p = 0.01). Moreover, as dietary CP levels increased to 16%, the odor gas concentration was increased with a quadratic response (quadratic, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Reducing dietary CP levels from 16% to 11% in a gestating diet did not exert detrimental effects on sow body condition or piglet performance. Moreover, a low protein diet (11% CP) may improve dietary protein utilization and metabolism to reduce odor gas emissions in manure and urine in gestating sows.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

Urine production is vital for the removal of certain waste products produced by metabolism in the body and for the maintenance of homeostasis in the body. The kidneys produce urine by the following three precisely regulated processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Urine is composed of water, certain electrolytes, and various waste products that are filtered out of the blood through the glomeruli. The physical features of urine are evaluated carefully to detect any abnormal findings that may indicate underlying diseases in the genitourinary system. A change in urine color may indicate an underlying pathological condition, although many of the causes of abnormal urine color are benign effects of medications and foods. A characteristic and specific odor may be the result of a metabolic disease rather than a concentrated specimen or a simple urinary tract infection. Although transient changes in urine output and nocturia are usually benign conditions, persistent abnormal findings require further workup, with a thorough medical history taking. This article presents many of the conditions that physicians may encounter and will help them in the diagnosis and in establishing a treatment plan.