• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2003

터널의 3차원 해석을 통한 발파진동 평가시에 최대진동속도를 산정하기 위해 구조물 하부에서의 진동응답이 감소하는 터널직경의 3D위치까지의 경계를 설정하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 구조물하부에서 터널발파시 진동성분이 장약으로부터 구형형상으로 전파되어나갈 때 구조물에서 발파막장의 거리가 터널직경의 약 1-2배일 때 최대진동속도를 나타내었으며, 수치해석시에는 속도성분영역을 확인하여 정확한 구형의 발파진동속도영역의 산정이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 속도성분과 기존의 발파진동전파식을 비교한 결과 터널심도 15m, 25m일 경우에는 유사하게 나타났으나, 터널심도 35m일 경우에는 기존 발파진동전파식과는 상당한 차이를 보이므로 터널심도가 터널직경의 5배 이상일 경우에는 기존발파진동전파식에 의한 속도성분이 수치해석에 비해 과다하게 산정됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1996

In order to analyze the effects of ground vibration caused by underground blasting having an effect on structure, the particle velocity and acceleration are calculated by using DYNPAK program. The DYNPAK program analyzes nonlinear transient dynamic problem and adopts the very popular and easily implemented, explicit, central difference scheme. In this program, the material behavior is assumed to be elasto-viscoplastic. Using the particle acceleration history, modal analysis method is applied to the forced vibration response of multiple-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) systems using unclupled equations of motion expressed in terms of the system's natural circular frequencies and modal damping factors. AS a means of evaluating the vibration behavior of building structure subjected to underground blasting, the time response of the displacements relative to the ground of five-story building is determined. It is concluded that the amount of explosives consumed per round, the location of structure, the properties of rock medium, the stiffness fo structure, etc. act on the important factors influencing on the safety of building and that the response of a structure subjected to a forced excitation can usually be obtained with reasonable accuracy by the modal analysis of only a few mode of the lower frequencies of the system.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.463-470
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• 2000

In tunnel excavation by blast beneath the surface structures in urban area, the characteristics of ground vibration induced by blast and its influence on surface structures are analyzed by the field test and the numerical analysis on dynamic behaviors of the structure. According to the field test on the propagating characteristics of blast vibration through the rock mass and the concrete foundation pile. the attenuation index of peak particle velocity with distance shows the range of 1.7∼2.0 for the rock mass and the range of 2.0∼2.3 for the concrete pile. This shows that the blast vibration reduces more rapidly in the concrete pile. It is known from the numerical analysis on dynamic behavior of the structure that the coefficient of response, velocity ratio of structure response to input wave, is different according to the story of the structure. It can be said from this research that the characteristics of the ground vibration and the dynamic behavior of the structure should be well evaluated and be considered as important factors for safe blasting design especially in underground excavation at shallow depth in urban area.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2020

Concrete dams are important structures due to retaining amount of water on their reservoir. So such kind of structures have to be designed against static and dynamic loads. Especially considering on critical importance against blasting threats and environmental safety, dams have to be examined according to the blast loads. This paper aims to investigate structural response of concrete gravity dams under blast loads. For the purpose Sarıyar Concrete Gravity Dam in Turkey is selected for numerical application with its 85 m of reservoir height (H), 255 m of reservoir length (3H), 72 m of bottom and 7 m of top widths. In the study, firstly 3D finite element model of the dam is constituted using ANSYS Workbench software considering dam-reservoir-foundation interaction and a hydrostatic analysis is performed without blast loads. Then, nearly 13 tons TNT explosive are considered 20 m away from downstream of the dam and this is modeled using ANSYS AUTODYN software. After that explicit analyses are performed through 40 milliseconds. Lastly peak pressures obtained from analyses are compared to empirical equations in the literature and UFC 3-340-02 standard which provide unified facilities criteria for structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions. Also analyses' results such as displacements, stresses and strains obtained from both hydrostatic and blasting analysis models are compared to each other. It is highlighted from the study that blasting analysis model has more effective than the only hydrostatic analysis model. So it is highlighted from the study that the design of dams should be included the blast loads.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2018

In the analysis of the effects of rock tunnel blasting vibration on adjacent existing buildings, the model of simplified equivalent load produces higher calculation result of vibration, due to the lack of consideration of the millisecond delay effect. This paper, based on the static force equivalence principle of blasting load, proposes a new determination method of equivalent load of blasting vibration. The proposed method, based on the elastic-static force equivalence principle of stress wave, equals the blasting loads of several single blastholes in the same section of millisecond blasting to the triangle blasting load curve of the exploded equivalent elastic boundary surface. According to the attenuation law of stress wave, the attenuated equivalent triangle blasting load curve of the equivalent elastic boundary is applied on the tunnel excavation contour surface, obtaining the final applied equivalent load. Taking the millisecond delay time of different sections into account, the time-history curve of equivalent load of the whole section applied on the tunnel excavation contour surface can be obtained. Based on Sailing Tunnel with small spacing on Sanmenxia-Xichuan Expressway, an analysis on the blasting vibration response of the later and early stages of the tunnel construction is carried out through numerical simulation using the proposed equivalent load model considering millisecond delay effect and the simplified equivalent triangle load curve model respectively. The analysis of the numerical results comparing with the field monitoring ones shows that the calculation results obtained from the proposed equivalent load model are closer to the measured ones and more feasible.

• 대한화약발파공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화약발파공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.119-140
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• 2006

발파를 통한 암반 굴착작업은 폭약의 폭발 시 발생하는 충격압과 가스압을 이용하여 암석을 파괴하며, 폭원으로 부터 3차원적으로 전파되어온 충격압에 의한 충격파는 발파에 의한 에너지의 $0.5{\sim}20%$가 탄성파의 형태로 균열대 외부의 지반속으로 전파되면서 공기매체를 타고 전달되는 것이 발파소음이다. 발파소음은 공기의 진동에 의한 음파 가운데 가청범위 ($20{\sim}20000Hz$)의 주파수를 갖는 충격성 소음으로 인체 감응에 의해 영향이 제기되는 것으로, 정신적 고통에 의한 민원발생으로 공사정지, 발파규모 축소 등으로 발파작업에 지장을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 터널발파작업에 따른 발파소음 저감을 위해 현장마다 설치하고 있는 방음시설의 설치시기와 설치방법 그리고 재질에 대하여 현장시공 사례를 통하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2007

This research presents a laboratory study about an annoyance of impulsive sound caused by construction site(breaker and blasting). The sources are sampled from outdoor noise and their levels range from 40 to 75 dB at the interval of 5dB. The noise unit is based on A-weighted sound exposure level (ASEL; $L_{AE}$). To make equal ASEL of outdoor noise, finite impulse response (FIR) filter is applied to the originally sampled source to include the effect of distance attenuation. The evaluation method of jury test adopted a Semantic Difference Method (SDM). In the result of the Jury test for impulsive noise, the annoyance response of blasting noise was higher than that of breaker noise.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2002

Solid particle erosion wear characteristics of high Cr white iron hardfacing were investigated using the erosion wear test method according with the ASTM G76-95. Wear experiments, where the blast angle, blast distance and blast pressure were selected as test variables, were planned and analyzed by response surface method (RSM to evaluate the wear loss statistically and quantitatively. The measured wear losses well coincided with the calculated ones by the experimental equation. The wear loss of high Cr cast iron hardfacing was increased with blasting pressure, but affected in a complicated way by the blasting angle and distance. Erosion wear of high Cr cast iron hardfacing could be well predicted by RSM analysis of wear variables.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.746-755
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• 2008

This research presents a laboratory study on subjective response of impulsive sound caused by construction site (breaker and blasting). The sources are sampled from outdoor noise and their levels range from 40 to 75 dBA at the interval of 5 dBA. The noise unit is based on A-weighted sound exposure level(ASEL; $L_{AE}$). To make equal ASEL of listening level, finite impulse response(FIR) filter is applied to the originally sampled source to include the effect of propagation attenuation. Sixty-three subjects, forty-two males and twenty-one female, between 18 and 29 years of age, participated in the experiment. The evaluation method of jury test adopted a semantic difference method(SDM). In the test results for impulsive noise, the subjective response of blasting noise was higher than that of breaker noise. The result of %HA that has been combined responses of the three methods except for pink-noise was executed by regression analysis and was shown as the following equation.: $%HA=746.53/(1+{\exp} (L_{AE}-93.3))+0.34$.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

화약발파에 의한 암반의 파괴는 폭약의 열화학적 반응에 의해 생성되는 에너지가 주위 암반으로 전달되면서 발생한다. 폭약의 반응은 매우 짧은 시간에 격렬하게 이루어지므로 실험적 관찰이 용이하지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 암반을 대상으로 발파할 경우 암반의 불균질성, 이방성으로 인해 동일한 조건으로 실험을 하더라도 특성상 정량적 정성적으로 똑같은 상황을 반복적으로 재현하여 실험하는 것도 불가능하다. 따라서 폭약으로부터 발생하는 에너지와 암반으로의 전달과정은 암반 파괴의 에너지원으로서 매우 중요하면서도 명확히 파악되지 않은 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 수치해석적 방법으로 발파원과 암반의 거동을 모델링하여 발파원의 특성이 암반 거동에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 주요 결과로는 발파원과 관련된 입력 자료로서 감쇠상수와 발파공벽에 가해지는 압력의 증가시간에 따라 암반의 동적거동이 상이하게 나타났으며, 동적 거동을 결정짓는 두 입력 변수의 상호관계를 유도할 수 있었다.