• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-69
• /
• 2015

Plants and birds have symbiotic relationship as the birds eat the fruits and disperse its seeds from the different places. Because Brown-eared Bulbul eats various fruits, We investigated the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul and the distribution of these seeds. Surveys were conducted at several area throughout Jeju Island at least twice a month from 2013 to 2014. We identified the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul through observation, pictures and interviews from the local residents. Results showed that this species consumed fruits from 82 plant species, belonging to 38 plant families. Thirty nine percent(39%) of these plant species belong to the Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Aquifoliaceae and Vitaceae and 33 species were classified as warm-temperate and subtropical plant which is 40% of the total plant species consumed. Two feeding types, which were gulper type and pecking type were observed for the Brown-eared Bulbul. It was also observed that this species preferred eating fruits of gulping type compared to that of pecking type. The average size of the fruits consumed through gulping was $8.92{\pm}3.41mm$ while it was $45.25{\pm}26.67mm$ for the pecker type. This bird species also consumed more fruits with globular shape compared to those of fruits with ellipse shape. For the fruit color, red and black-colored fruits were more preferred than yellow-colored fruits by Brown-eared Bulbul. Eaten frequency varied from 0.04 to 0.58 and the 10 fruits species were eaten frequently by Brown-eared Bulbul. This study would provide information for the role of Brown-eared Bulbul in the ecosystem as a seed dispersal agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a high-protein oilseed crop, cultivated worldwide. Soybean seeds are abundant in various secondary metabolites with physiologically active. Mature seeds of 25 soybean cultivars with various morphological and physiological characteristics analyzed for secondary metabolites, such as carotenoid, isoflavone, and soyasaponin. These secondary metabolites showed various content by genotype in 25 cultivars. Total carotenoid content ranged from 1.23 to 33.78 mg/g and three cultivars, such as IT177645, PI90763 and IT234975 with black seed coat showed high levels of total carotenoid. Total isoflavones content ranged from 20.28 to 276.35 mg/100g and were detected high levels in Savoy, PI90763 and KLG16001. In addition, total soyasaponins content ranged from 33.12 to 246 mg/100g and were detected high levels in PI90763, PI86490 and IT234975. The PI90763 was showed abundant content in all of the carotenoid, isoflavones and soyasaponins. These results could be valuable information for the development of new soybean cultivars and regulation of secondary metabolites biosynthesis in soybean.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.1211-1219
• /
• 2013

Dasik is a kind of traditional Korean dessert, which has polysaccharides as the major base. Dasik was prepared using rice and various ingredients and its antioxidant properties were determined. In addition, textural changes and sensory evaluation were conducted on Dasik during 7-day storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Dasik containing brown rice, red ginseng, and rice bran oil showed higher radical scavenging ability, reducing power, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents among tested rice-based samples. Dasik prepared using black sesame seeds showed the highest radical scavenging ability and reducing power compared to rice-based Dasik. In sensory evaluation, 10 trained panelists found that hardness of the rice-based Omija Dasik sample increased significantly (P<0.05) while moistness and softness attributes decreased as the storage period of Dasik increased. The roasted bean Dasik and black sesame Dasik samples were evaluated similarly and their moistness decreased significantly (P<0.05) with longer storage period. The overall and texture acceptability of the rice-based Omija Dasik and the roasted bean Dasik samples decreased significantly (P<0.05), and scores of willingness to try again of the rice-based Omija Dasik decreased as the storage period of Dasik increased. Positive or negative correlations among the results from sensory evaluation and textural analysis were observed in Dasik.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2013

This experiment was carried out to select white asparagus varieties suitable for shading culture in greenhouse. Eight white and one green varieties were tested. Seeds were sown in 72-cell trays in a glasshouse on 24 Dec. 2008 and the seedlings were transplanted in a P.E house on 22 May 2009. Planting distances were 30 cm apart in a raw and 125 cm between the raws. For white asparagus production, small tunnel ($210cm{\times}160cm$) was established inside the P.E house, and covered with black and white P.E film (0.1 mm) on 5 March 2010. Days to sprouting took 5 days in 'Ravel' variety and took 16 to 18 days in 'Backlim', 'Horlim', 'Herkolim' varieties. The number of spear was highest in 'Ravel' with 6 and lowest in 'Backlim' with 3.7. The spear weight was heaviest in 'Herkolim' with 25.6 g and lightest in 'Ravel' with 15.6 g. The highest total yield was in 'Herkolim' with 296 kg/10a, followed by 'Super welcome' with 275 kg/10a and lowest in 'Rapsody' with 176 kg/10a. Marketable yields in 'Super welcome' and 'Herkolim' were 241 kg/10a and 239 kg/10a, respectively, and the yield was lowest in 'Rapsody' with 139 kg/10a. The L grade (over 20 g of spear weight) was highest in 'Herkolim'. Accordingly, 'Herkolim' was the most suitable white asparagus variety among the tested varieties for shading cultivation in greenhouse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2002

A number of experimental and epidemiological studies have implicated that antiestrogenic effects of estrogen-like compounds in legumes and plant seeds are responsible for lowering breast cancer risk in human. However, few studies have been conducted to illustrate the possible chemopreventive effects of Korean traditional food materials. This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of yellow soybeans, black soybeans and brown rice extracts on hormone-dependent and hormone-independent human breast cancer cells. Methanol-or acetone-soluble fractions of soybeans or brown rice were incubated with hormone-dependent cells (MCF-7) or hormone-independent cells (MDA-MB-231). Cell cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 hrs of incubation. Apoptotic effects of these extracts toward breast cancer cells were also determined at 48 hrs of incubation by measuring DNA fragmentation. Results indicated that the acetone-soluble fraction of brown rice exerted strongest cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 ceIls, although other fractions also reduced the number of viable MCF-7 cells after 48 hrs of incubation. Both acetone and methanol soluble fractions of all samples exerted a significant cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs of incubation, and acetone and methanol soluble fractions of brown rice were especially effective in these cells. At 48 hrs of incubation, methanol fractions of all three samples induced apopotosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate methaol or acetone soluble fractions of yellow soybeans, black soybeans and brown rice induce cytotoxicity in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. Therefore, possible mechanisms of cell cytotoxicity do not necessarily include antiestrogenic effects of soybean or brown rice extract. A possible anticarcinogenic effect of brown rice methanol-soluble fraction may mediated through their apoptotic effect. Further studies are requried to elucidate responsible compounds and mechanisms involved in observed anticarcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.222-225
• /
• 2010

'Seoritae' is a very famous variety of black soybean for mixed cooking with rice in Korea. However, it has a couple of bad traits such as late flowering and maturity. To improve these characteristics, seeds of original 'Seoritae' were irradiated using a 250 Gy gamma ray in 1994. Some mutants were identified and finally a new soybean variety 'Josaengseori' was developed in 2005. This variety has a few distinguishable characteristics such as smaller grain size, early maturity and high yielding compared to the 'Seoritae'. The flowering period of 'Josaengseori' is 57 days after seeding (DAS), which is 10 days earlier than that of 'Seoritae' (67 DAS). The maturation period of 'Josaengseori' is 130 DAS, which is 34 days earlier than 'Seoritae' (164 DAS). And the total yield of the new variety with 179 kg/10a is 2.4 times higher than that of 'Seoritae' with 74 kg/10a. 100 grain weight of 'Josaengseori' is 32.8 g, which is 20% lower than that of 'Seoritae' with 40.1 g.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2017

A new small red bean cultivar, 'Geomguseul', was artificially crossed between 'Chilbo' and 'SA8412-3-1-4-3-3-2-3' in 1998, fixed excellent agronomic characters by pedigree breeding method, and selected for the further trials with the name of 'Miryang 10'. It was prominent and showed good result, such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high-antioxidant activity in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2009 to 2011 and released for the public consumption as the name of 'SA9801-24-4-3-1' in 2011. 'Geomguseul' has a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flower, green embryonic axis, black seed coat, white hilum, and small spherical seed (12.2 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of 'Geomguseul' was 2.01 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2009 to 2011 which was a little higher than that (1.98 MT/ha) of the check variety, 'Chungju'.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.424-429
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of different planting time on the synthesis of isoflavone in black soybean, Three varieties used in this experiment were lpumgeomjeongkong, Cheongjakong and Heugcheongkong which had different ecotypes, repectively. Seeds were sown at different time, May 15th, May 30th and June 15th with planting density of $60{\times}15cm$. In order to analyze the content of isoflavone, we collected sample every 5 days from 30 days after flowering to harvest and analyzed them with UPLC. As sowing was delayed, the content of isoflavone increased in all of three varieties. The content of genistein was greater than daidzein and glycitein. Increase of Glycitein was not distinct from 55 days after flowering(DAF) and it was stable against temperature change during the seed developing period. Although the content of genistein in Ilpumgeomjeongkong from 50 to 55 DAF, in Cheongjakong from 40 to 55 DAF and in Heugcheongkong from 60 to 65 DAF was lower than the content of daidzein, it was higher than that of daidzein afterward. In the statistical analysis on the relationship between average temperature and the content of aglycone isoflavone at 5-day intervals from 30 DAF during the grain filling period, genistein in Ilpumgeomjeongkong showed meaningful correlation as y=-15.28x+407.9 ($R^2=0.505^*$), diadzein in Cheongjakong showed meaningful correlation as y=-6.188x-164.5($R^2=0.454^*$), and genistein showed significantly high correlation as y=-11.59x+297.6 ($R^2=0.545^{**}$). Taking all the above results into consideration, it was suggested that the regions suitable for high content of isoflavone in black soybean be the northern area of Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do and inland area of Gyeongsangbuk-do, where are relatively low average temperature from flowering stage($R_2$) during the grain filling period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 1994

The experiment was conducted to determine if seed size and seed coat color of soybean might be effective in water uptake and cotyledon damage after imbibition, and hypocotyl elongation. Eight soybean cultivars were separated into two classes of large and small seed based on seed weight, and each class included two cultivars with yellow and black seed color, respectively. Small seed size group was superior in water uptake by seed for 24 hour in imbibition at $25^{\circ}C$ , but its differences decreased as soaking time increased. Small seed cultivars germinated faster and had better germination rate than large ones. However, cultivars with black seed coat showed more slow water uptake at initial time and faster germination than yellow seed, but in 24 hour after imbibition, cultivars with black seed coat had higher water uptake rate than yellow seeds. Small seed cultivar group showed no cotyledon damage in imbibition for 24 hour while large seed cultivars were damaged 78% of cotyledon, and black seed showed low cotyledon damage compared to yellow seed. Hypocotyl length was shorter in large seed rather than in small seed, but hypocotyl thickness in large seed was more thick than in small seed. In correlation coefficients, seed coat rate, embryo rate exhibited significantly negative association with seed weight, and the correlation of seed weight with water uptake in 3 hour after soaking was significantly negative, but in 24 hour showed positive correlation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1998

Seeds of medicinal soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merill] are characterized by a black seed coat, white stripe at hilum border, yellow cotyledon, and very small seed weight. Production of this medicinal soybean has recently increased as a consumption increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed yield of collected medicinal soybeans and to obtain basic information on production practices and breeding materials. The collected medicinal soybean lines were cultivated at three locations for two years. Twenty-seven lines were planted at the Research Farm, Korea University, Namyangju city, on May 23, and at the Research Farm, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, on May 20, 1995. In 1996 field experiments, forty-four lines were planted on May 25, at Research Farm, Korea University, and twenty-seven lines among those were planted on June 7 at the Research Farm of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station, Milyang city. The investigated lines had purple or white flower. Flowering and maturing dates were similar or later than those of the control cultivars. Branch number was greater for the investigated lines. One hundred-seed weight of the lines ranged from 8.5 to 15.0 g. Mean seed yields ranged from 1.54 to 2.89 MT/ha. Nine lines of the investigated medicinal soybeans showed higher yield capacity than the control cultivars. Further research should be done on the improvement of the production system and breeding program of medicinal soybeans.