• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Lower birth rate and higher elder people are serious social problem in Korea. In 2003, the total birth rate is 1.19 per person, that record is lowest among OECD country. In 2005, Korea has been the aging society with 9.0% in aged population rate. Increasing of aged population results in elder estrangement and confliction with other generations. The social problem can be solved in some degree by improving housing environment and many kinds of welfare program. This study suggests a solution of the problem by applying community space located on ground level floor. The ground level floor of apartment has many physical benefits like connection to the earth, extension, safeness for the aged and child. in case of the National Rental apartment, small residential area and high rate of elder, child, the disabled make the ground level floor useful space for community. According to case study, almost the National Rental apartment hasn't enough facilities supporting various generations and don't supply comfortable environment. So, this study presents how to design the National Rental Apartment's community space located on ground level floor.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.167-169
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• 2018

A smooth hammerhead, Sphyrna zygaena, was caught from the coastal water of Boryeoung-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea in June 13, 2014. The shark had a total of 23 fetuses in its body. There were 12 males and 11 females. The total length of the young sharks ranges from 49.0 cm to 54.7 cm. This collection suggested that western coastal water of Korea is a birth ground of smooth hammerhead, Sphyrna zygaena.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2020

In 4th Industrial Revolution, technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and Big data are closely related to the maritime industry, which led to the birth of autonomous vessels. Due to the technical characteristics of the current vessel, the speed cannot be suddenly lowered, so complex communication such as the help of a tug boat, boarding of a pilot, and control of the vessel at the onshore control center is required to berth at the port. In this study, clustering analysis was used to resolve how to establish control criteria for vessels to enter port when autonomous vessels are operating. K-Means clustering was used to quantitatively stage the arrival pattern based on the accumulated AIS(Automatic Identification System) data of the incoming vessel, and the arrival phase using SOG(Speed over Ground), COG(Course over Ground), and ROT(Rate of Turn) Was divided into six phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Technology trends of onboard and ground health management system software for aircraft gas turbine engines are surveyed. The software has changed from ground based software for fault detection and identification to a model based health identification technology for onboard software. This advanced algorithm is currently under development in a technically advanced country while domestic research is on the birth stage. This paper suggested that the optimal development plan of the software considering current technology state.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.413-424
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• 2005

The study focused on the fluctuation of the fisheries conditions in fishing ground of yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker. A long-term decreasing trend was observed in the accumulated catches of the species since 1926, with increasing-decreasing fluctuation repeating 6 times. Periodicity was observed in 10-year interval in good fishing years, but not in poor fishing years which had irregular fluctuations. From the geographical distribution of the past catch per unit effort, it was presumed that a group of the species seasonally migrated but most of the groups stayed throughout year in the western area off Cheju Island, which was different from the assumptions of the 1970's. The fishing grounds were distributed along the migration route differently by season, throughout the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, but shifted gradually southward and narrowed down to the area of $32^{\circ}N-125^{\circ}E$ off Cheju Island, where the center of fishing grounds was given birth to throughout the year with a relatively high density from autumn to spring. It was noted that a negative correlation was shown between the area of fishing grounds and density distribution of catch.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.58.1-58.1
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• 2015

Gravitational-wave has been predicted by Einstein's general relativity in 1916, but its direct detection has failed to date despite of the persistent efforts in the last fifty years in the ground-based gravitational wave detectors. In the centennial year of the birth of general relativity, 'advanced LIGO', one of the most promising Earth-based gravitational wave detectors, plans to start commissioning for the successful discovery of gravitational waves. In addition, a pathfinder satellite of eLISA project, a space-based GW antenna by European Space Agency (ESA), will be launched in the mid of this year. In this talk, we review the current status of gravitational waves detection experiments and discuss its scientific impacts and the possibility of opening the new age of astronomy.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-172
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• 2016

Sophus Lie's research is regarded as one of the most important mathematical advancements in the $19^{th}$ century. His pioneering research in the field of differential equations resulted in an invaluable consolidation of calculus and group theory. Lie's group theory has been investigated and constantly modified by various mathematicians which resulted in a beautifully abstract yet concrete theory. However Lie's early intentions and ideas are lost in the mists of modern transfiguration. In this paper we explore Lie's early academic years and his object of studies which clarify the ground breaking ideas behind his theory.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.105-138
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• 2009

Although the decline in fertility rate is generally observed along the history of economic development throughout the world, the continuing decline hitting below the replacement level in Korea over the recent years gathered serious social concerns on the ground that it accelerates the process of population aging. The total fertility rate in Koreareached 2.08 in 1983, and gradually fell to the levels of 1.08 in 2005 and 1.26 in 2007. The policy debate over the role of the government has been focused mainly on the level of theoretical discussion without substantial basis on firm empirical evidence and the determinants of fertility. The objective of the paper is to empirically investigate the fertility effect of the female wage, which is understood as one of the most important determinants of fertility in Koreasince 1980 focusing on one aspect of fertility, namely birth spacing. Using the Korean National Fertility Survey conducted in 2006, I estimate a duration model of first and second births taking into account individual heterogeneity, which turned out to be an important factor to control for. Compared with previous studies in the literature on the Korean fertility, the study has an advantage of using the complete pregnancy history of women in a more representative sample. Unlike the previous studies, the analysis also deals with the endogeneity of marriage by treating a certain age, rather than age at marriage, as the time in which a woman becomes exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The study shares the common problem in the literature on birth spacing of lacking relevant wage information for respondents in a retrospective survey. I estimate the wage series as a function of the basic characteristics using the annual Wage Structure Survey from 1980 to 2005, which is considered as a nationally representative sample for wage information of employees. The results suggest that the increase in female wage by 10 percent leads to a decrease in second birth hazard by 0.56~0.92 percentage points and that the increase in spouse's wage by the equal amount is accompanied by the increase in second birth hazard by 0.36~1.13 percentage points. These estimates are more precisely estimated and of smaller magnitude than those presented by the previous studies. The results are robust to the different specifications of the wage equation. The simulation analysis based on the predicted values shows that about 17% of the change in the second birth hazard over the period 1980 to 2005 was due to the change in the female wage. Although there is some limitation in data, the results can be viewed as one estimate of the role of female wage on the recent fertility decline in Korea. The question raised by the paper is not a normative one of whether a government should promote childbearing but a positive one thatexplains fertility decline. Therefore, if there is a wide consensus on promoting childbearing, the finding suggests that the policies designed to reduce the opportunity cost of women in the labor market would be effective. The recent movement of implementing a wide range of family-friendly policies including child care support, maternity leave, parental leave and tax benefit in developed countries should be understood in this context.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.95-127
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• 2005

It's a matter of ontology rather than that of cognition and methodology to discuss a work of art in Gadamer's philosophy. In addition, he emphasizes the cognitive aspect of a work of art instead of comparing forms and contents of them. For that reason, he excludes aesthetic consciousness derived from Kant first and then makes away with Schiller's theory of aesthetic education. For Gadamer, the concept of truth does not mean accord or correspondence. It would rather be an encounter. This encounter is not axed on a specific time, but a continuous and historical one. Basically. a work of art guarantees this kind of an encounter. This encounter is not based on mutual agreement through an objective standard but on recognition with mutual understanding. Therefore, prejudice or tradition should be acknowledged and respected instead of being excluded. We have only to minimize difference between them through conversation. Gadamer's ontology of a work of art is based on such a ground. The function of a work of art is not only simple satisfaction of aesthetic senses but an object of interpretation, that is, a text by presenting a ground of truth through an agreement of situation. This text reveals its meaning in the situation of author-text-reader. The appearance of this meaning is nothing but the birth of truth. Symbol-allegory and classicism show how to express this kind of truth in a work of art. It is true that Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics cannot be easily applied to interpret a concrete work of art because it just lays emphasis on the process of 'understanding' instead of a detailed analysis on an individual work. For that reason, he was criticized by some people because of this subjectivity of understanding. However, it's meaning could be changed according to the viewpoint on a work of art. There appears various structural approaches on a work of art in contemporary theory of art. Gadamer just asks the basis of such approaches instead of criticizing a specific one Therefore, a practical approach on individual work should be made separately and hermeneutics enriches the meaning of open-ending of each work of art.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.209-214
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• 2020

In terms of population structure, korea military power has entered a serious danger zone, and that birth rate has led not only to a decrease in the population of the nation's economic activity, but also to a decrease in troop resources in our last security bastion, and the trend of "children from multicultural families" joining the army is predicted to soon become a "cultural force" with an average of 8,000 troops expected to join the army between 2025 and 2031. After all, the seriousness of the problem of declining troop resources in the military organization, the nation's last security bastion, and the multicultural army will be added. Therefore, this study reveals how multicultural soldiers are adapting to military service and analyzes them in depth by categorizing a series of processes on military life adaptation.