• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2011

Biogas production and utilization are an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy sectors such as space heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded that is mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content up to more than 95 ~ 97 vol% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Usage of Biogas as a fuel of vehicles have an effect of reducing $CO_2$ emission compared to fossil fuels. Biomethane which is produced by upgrading of biogas is regarded as a good alternative energy and usage of clean energy is encouraged to deal with air pollution and waste management as well as production of clean energy. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuel are newly being launched and Korea government have also announced a plan for investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. In this study, it is aimed to examine the potential feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel. As a results, the status of biomethane, quality standard, quality characteristics, and upgrading technology of biogas were investigated to evaluate of biogas as a vehicle fuel of transportation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.174.1-174.1
• /
• 2011

Biogas production and utilisation is an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy services such as heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded, that is, mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content, up to more than 95% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Biogas fuelled vehicles can reduce $CO_2$ emission by between 75% and 200% compared with fossil fuels. Biomethane development is largely driven by national initiative and predominately by concerns for national air pollution and waste management. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuels by some companies are ongoing and Korea government also announced investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel in Korea. In this study, we investigated quality characteristics, quality standard and upgrading technology to use vehicle fuel of transport sector in Korea.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

바이오가스를 이용한 수소 제조는 주요한 에너지 및 환경 관련 이슈들을 동시에 해결할 수 있다는 장점으로 꾸준히 주목받아 왔다. 바이오가스 정제를 통해 얻은 바이오메탄 수증기개질은 천연가스 개질을 대체할 수 있는 좋은 현실적인 대안이다. 하지만, 경제성과 환경 유해성을 모두 고려한다면 바이오가스를 직접 개질반응에 활용하는 바이오가스 수증기 개질 및 건식 개질을 활용한 수소 제조가 보다 효과적이라 평가된다. 본 논문에서는 바이오가스 기반 추출수소 제조 관련 최근의 기술 이슈 및 개발 동향을 소개하며 향후 상업화를 위한 효과적인 적용 방향에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2014

Food waste leachate (FWL) is a serious pollutant waste coming from the food waste recycling facilities in Korea. FWL has a high organic matter content and high COD to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio, which can disturb efficient methane production in the anaerobic digestion of FWL. In the present study a microalga, Clorella vulgaris (C.V), was used as co-substrate for the FWL anaerobic digestion in order to supply nutrients, decrease the COD/N ratio and increase its methane yield. Different co-digestion mixtures (COD/N ratios) were studied by using biochemical methane potential test and modified Gompertz equation for kinetic study. Mixed substrate of FWL and C. vulgaris in the co-digestion clearly showed more the biomethane yield than the sole substrates. The maximum methane production, 827.7 mL-$CH_4$/g-VS added, was obtained for COD/N ratio of 24/1, whereas the highest improvement of methane yield was found for COD/N ratio of 15/1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.864-873
• /
• 2013

In developing countries, biogas energy production is seen as a technology that can provide clean energy in poor regions and reduce pollution caused by animal manure. Laboratories in these countries have little access to advanced gas measuring equipment, which may limit research aimed at improving local adapted biogas production. They may also be unable to produce valid estimates of an international standard that can be used for articles published in international peer-reviewed science journals. This study tested and validated methods for measuring total biogas and methane ($CH_4$) production using batch fermentation and for characterizing the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) ($CH_4$ NL $kg^{-1}$ VS) of pig manure, cow manure and cellulose determined with the Moller and VDI methods was not significantly different in this test (p>0.05). The biodegradability using a ratio of BMP and theoretical BMP (TBMP) was slightly higher using the Hansen method, but differences were not significant. Degradation rate assessed by methane formation rate showed wide variation within the batch method tested. The first-order kinetics constant k for the cumulative methane production curve was highest when two animal manures were fermented using the VDI 4630 method, indicating that this method was able to reach steady conditions in a shorter time, reducing fermentation duration. In precision tests, the repeatability of the relative standard deviation (RSDr) for all batch methods was very low (4.8 to 8.1%), while the reproducibility of the relative standard deviation (RSDR) varied widely, from 7.3 to 19.8%. In determination of biomethane concentration, the values obtained using the liquid replacement method (LRM) were comparable to those obtained using gas chromatography (GC). This indicates that the LRM method could be used to determine biomethane concentration in biogas in laboratories with limited access to GC.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2021

국내 유기성고형폐기물 중 우분이 가장 많은 에너지잠재량을 지니고 있으나, 바이오가스화에 대한 연구는 제한적으로 진행되었다. 특히, 우분이 저장 중에 일어나는 유기물의 분해 및 톱밥의 첨가량이 메탄잠재량에 영향을 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 본 연구에서는 신선한 두 종류의 우분(한우분뇨, 젖소분뇨)을 저장 시 온도와 기간에 따른 우분내 유기물 함량의 변화, 그리고 그 과정 중에 발생하는 온실가스와 악취를 조사하였고, 저장 후 우분의 메탄잠재량과 톱밥 함유량에 따른 메탄잠재량도 알아보았다. 우분의 저장 온도에 따른 성상(VS, COD) 변화를 90일간 관찰한 결과, 20℃ 조건에서는 초기 우분 대비 약 10% 감소한 반면에 30℃ 조건에서는 약 30% 감소하였다. 유기물의 분해에 따라 메탄전환율 측면에서 한우분뇨의 경우 30℃, 90일 조건에서 메탄전환율이 약 10-13% 감소하였고 젖소분뇨의 경우 동일 조건에서 약 24% 정도 메탄전환율이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 저장 기간 중 30℃에서의 온실가스 배출량이 20℃조건에 비해 약 3.3-3.8 배나 높게 나타났고, 악취 발생량은 29배 더 많았다. 전체 톱밥한우분의 전체 중량대비 톱밥 함유량이 25%만 되더라도 메탄전환율은 61% 감소하였으며 톱밥 함유량이 45%와 55%로 증가하면 저감 비율은 각각 69%, 75%으로 나타났다. 이는 톱밥의 첨가가 우분에서 전환될 수 있는 메탄잠재량값도 낮추는 즉 저해 작용 때문으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2019

바이오가스화는 유기성폐기물을 처리하는 과정에서 발생되는 메탄가스를 포함하는 환경 친화적인 연료를 생산하는 기술이다. 바이오가스화는 유기성폐기물의 해양투기 금지 이후 안정적인 육상처리일 뿐만 아니라 신재생에너지원으로 인정받으면서 세계적인 관심을 받고 있다. 최근에는 생산된 바이오가스를 고품질화하여 도시가스 및 수송용으로 이용하는 추세가 증가하고 있다. 바이오가스화 현장시설에서는 아직도 잦은 고장으로 바이오가스 생산이 저하되고, 또한 생산된 바이오가스를 효과적으로 정제하여 이용하는 것이 미흡한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 바이오가스 생산 및 이용 시설에서의 문제점들을 파악하고, 최적으로 바이오가스를 도시가스 및 수송용으로 활용 가능하기 위한 가이드라인 및 기술지침을 마련하고자 하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.172-172
• /
• 2011

Anaerobic digestion(AD) has successfully been used for many applications that have conclusively demonstrated its ability to recycle biogenic wastes. AD has been successfully applied in industrial waste water treatment, stabilsation of sewage sludge, landfill management and recycling of biowaste and agricultural wastes as manure, energy crops. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is primarily composed of methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) with smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and ammonia(NH3), trace gases such as hydrogen(H2), nitrogen(N2), carbon monoxide(CO), oxygen(O2) and contain dust particles and siloxanes. The production and utilisation of biogas has several environmental advantages such as i)a renewable energy source, ii)reduction the release of methane to the atomsphere, iii)use as a substitute for fossil fuels. In utilisation of biogas, most of biogas produced from small scale plant e.g. farm-scale AD plant are used to provide as energy source for cooking and lighting, in most of the industrialised countries for energy recovery, environmental and safety reasons are used in combined heat and power(CHP) engines or as a supplement to natural. In particular, biogas to use as vehicle fuel or for grid injection there different biogas treatment steps are necessary, it is important to have a high energy content in biogas with biogas purification and upgrading. The energy content of biogas is in direct proportion to the methane content and by removing trace gases and carbon dioxide in the purification and upgrading process the energy content of biogas in increased. The process of purification and upgrading biogas generates new possibilities for its use since it can then replace natural gas, which is used extensively in many countries, However, those technologies add to the costs of biogas production. It is important to have an optimized purification and upgrading process in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency giving high methane content in the upgraded gas. A number of technologies for purification and upgrading of biogas have been developed to use as a vehicle fuel or grid injection during the passed twenty years, and several technologies exist today and they are continually being improved. The biomethane which is produced from the purification and the upgrading process of biogas has gained increased attention due to rising oil and natural gas prices and increasing targets for renewable fuel quotes in many countries. New plants are continually being built and the number of biomethane plants was around 100 in 2009.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of inoculum and carbon sources on anaerobic digestion characteristics. The treatments were combinations of inoculum (digestate of cattle manure and rumen fluid) with carbon sources (starch, cellulose, and xylan). Anaerobic digestion was performed in triplicate at $37^{\circ}C$ for 18 days at 100 rpm. Sampling was performed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days to measure pH, ammonia-N, volatile solids reduction, the cumulative methane content, and the cumulative methane production. There was a significant difference in methane content depending on the carbon source and there was a significant difference in pH, ammonia-N, methane production, and methane content depending on the inoculum (P < 0.05). The results of methane production were higher in the digestate of cattle manure treatment than in the rumen fluid treatment (P < 0.05). In this study, different digestive patterns depending on the type of carbon source could be used as basic research data to set the hydraulic residence time of anaerobic digestion facilities. In addition, the use of ruminal fluid as an inoculum may help accelerate the hydrolysis and acid production steps.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 거대억새(Miscanthus sacchariflorus var Geode Uksae-1)와 갈대(Phragmites australis)를 활용하여 돈분뇨 처리수 유래 영양염류(질소 및 인) 제거를 정량적으로 분석하고 생산된 바이오매스의 총 에너지가와 바이오메탄 잠재성 분석을 목적으로 수행되었다. 식물들은 일반토양과 사질토 또는 일반토양, 사질토 및 바이오세라믹의 혼합 여재로 채워진 용기에서 다루어졌다. 사용된 돈분뇨 처리수의 총질소와 총인함량은 각각 222.78 mg/L 과 66.11 mg/L에 해당하였다. 총질소와 총인 모두 바이오세라믹 첨가구에서 높은 제거율을 보였다. 거대억새에서 총질소 제거율이 가장 높게 나타났다(96.14%). 하지만 식물체의 원소분석 결과 갈대의 질소함량이 거대억새보다 더 높게 나타나 갈대의 질소흡착력이 더 뛰어난 것으로 판단된다. 반면 가장 높은 총 인 제거율을 보인 처리구는 갈대로 98.12%의 값을 보였다. 식물체 셀룰로스 함량은 일반토양 처리구보다 바이오세라믹 처리구에서 약 3~6% 더 높게 나타나 바이오세라믹은 식물섬유 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 생산된 바이오매스의 바이오메탄 잠재성 분석결과 약 $57.01{\sim}99.25L-CH_4/kg$ VS의 값을 보였다. 리그닌은 식물의 바이오매스 분해를 방해하는 요소로 일반토양-사질토 여재를 사용한 갈대 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타나 메탄 생산력이 떨어지는 것으로 판단된다.