• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

This study examined the physiological activities as well as the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of water extract (WE), ethanol extract (EE) and hot water extract of Calystegia japonica leaves under high pressure (HWE). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rate of EE was the highest with a value of 98.89% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, whereas the rate of WE and HWE was over 90% at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of HWE was the highest at 18.88%. The nitrite scavenging abilities were 64.59-66.46% at conditions of pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL, and 52.78-55.89% at pH 3.0. The electron donating ability of EE was the highest with a value of 84.80% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. All extracts showed the highest degree of electron donating at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ mL, and this effect decreased as the extract concentration increased. The EE had the highest content of total polyphenol compound (173.89 mg/g) and flavonoid compounds (40.68 mg/g).

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.58-73
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• 2010

Background : Cancer is a disease that not only places a significant burden on patients clinically but also requires significant expense for diagnosis and treatment. Although the cancer coverage of health insurance has recently been expended, the need for financial assistance among cancer patients and their families is still expected to be significant. In this study, cancer patients' need for financial assistance in Korea was examined and its influence factors were analyzed. Methods : Target study subjects were those who are over 18 years of age and were diagnosed with cancer more than four months prior at the National Cancer Center and 9 Regional Cancer Centers in Korea during the period from July to August of 2008. Quarter sampling was conducted according to the ratio of the type of each cancer. A face to face interview survey was conducted. A total of 2,661 cancer patients finished the survey. Medical charts were reviewed in order to obtain the cancer type and SEER stage of cancer patients. An ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the level of need for financial assistance according to the demographical, clinical, and socio-economic variables of cancer patients. Result : The percentage of cancer patients who needed financial assistance was 69.0%, and 36.9% needed significant financial assistance. The need for financial assistance was perceived to be greater in males, younger age group, low income group, low education group, medical aid recipients, those who were diagnosed recently, those with a low level of quality of life measured through EQ5D, and those with decreased income after cancer diagnosis. Conclusion : In spite of the current policy to increase health insurance coverage, the majority of cancer patients and their families in Korea still need financial assistance due to cancer. In particular, there were more vulnerable groups, such as the low income, or low education group. In the future, policies that focus on the disadvantaged, which strengthen social security, should be considered for achievement of a substantially better quality of life for cancer patients and their families.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

The analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on a specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. The linearity of the AMR is its ability to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the sample from the upper and lower limit of the AMR. The AMR validation is the process of confirming that the assay system will correctly recover the concentration or activity of the analyte over the AMR. The test specimen must have analyte values which, at a minimum, are near the low, midpoint, and high values of the AMR. The AMR must be revalidated at least every six months, at changes in major system components, and when a complete change in reagents for a procesure is introduced; unless the laboratory can demonstrate that changing the reagent lot number does not affect the range used to report patient test results. The AMR linearity was total protein (0-16.6), albumin (0-8.1), total bilirubin (0-18.1), alkaline phosphatase (0-1244.3), aspartate aminotransferase (0-1527.9), alanine aminotransferase (0-1107.9), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (0-1527.7), creatine kinase (0-1666.6), lactate dehydrogenase (0-1342), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.3-154.3), sodium (35.4-309), creatinine (0-19.2), blood urea nitrogen (0.5-206.2), uric acid (0-23.9), total cholesterol (-0.3-510), triglycerides (0.7-539.6), glucose (0-672.7), amylase (0-1595.3), calcium (0-23.9), inorganic phosphorus (0.03-17.0), potassium (0.1-116.5), chloride (3.3-278.7). We are sure that materials for the AMR affect the evaluation of the upper limit of the AMR in the process system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.462-467
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• 2019

Many studies in recent decades have revealed that olfactory stimulation by perfume or malodor inhalation exerts various psychological and physiological effects on humans. The most recent studies have examined the electrophysiological response of olfactory stimulation on the activity of human cortical nerve cells. The purpose of this current study is to quantitatively analyze what changes occur in the alpha activity in healthy participants (N=12) on olfactory stimulation using two types of odors (acacia and butanol). Exposure to the odor of acacia perfume was associated with a significant increase (66.7%) in alpha activity when compared with that of the no-odor background EEG. Exposure to the odor of butanol was associated with a significant reduction (33.3% to 41.7%) in EEG alpha activity when compared with that of the no-odor control. The results of this study demonstrated the potential to alter the cerebral cortex activity by olfactory stimulation. The results also suggest that olfactory perception has stimulatory effects on the function of the nervous system. In other words, it could be concluded from this study that inhalation of olfactory stimulation affected brain wave activities and mood states. Further research is needed to completely understand and describe the electrophysiological effects of different odors on the central nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes and cervical lesions in Busan. Furthermore, the cytological and histological findings of cervical lesions were compared to determine the usefulness of the currently released vaccines. HPV subtypes of 2,130 patients who visited Haeundae Paik Hospital between January 2013 and March 2016 were analyzed by the HPV 9G DNA chip. Liquid-based cytological examination was performed, and subtypes were classified according to the 2001 guidelines of The Bethesda System. Biopsy or hysterectomy specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological examinations. Of the total 2,130 cases, 1,254 (58.9%) were positive for HPV, and 876 (41.1%) were negative. Of these, 152 (7.1%), 97 (4.6%) and 80 (3.8%) were identified as HPV 16, 68 and 56, respectively. Of the 329 cases encompassing the above three HPV subtypes, histopathological analysis diagnosed 155 (47.1%) cases with CIN2 or higher grade. Notably, the occurrences of HPV subtypes 16, 68, 56, 58 and 51 were most frequently diagnosed in Busan. Further analysis revealed that administration of Gardasil^Ⓡ 9, the currently available vaccine in the market, exerts no protection against subtypes 68, 59 and 51. This study aims to provide an important reference for future HPV vaccination programs in Busan.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and related trichothecene mycotoxins are extensively distributed in the cereal-based food and feed stuffs worldwide. Recent climate changes and global grain trade increased chance of exposure to more DON and related toxic metabolites in poorly managed production systems. Monitoring the biological and environmental exposures to the toxins are crucial in protecting human and animals from toxicities of the hazardous contaminants in food or feeds. Exposure biomarkers including urine DON itself are prone to shift to less harmful metabolites by intestinal microbiota and liver metabolic enzymes. De-epoxyfication of DON by gut microbes such as Eubacterium strain BBSH 797 and Eubacterium sp. DSM 11798 leads to more fecal secretion of DOM-1. By contrast, most of plant-derived DON-glucoside is also easily catabolized to free DON by gut microbes, which produces more burden to body. Phase 2 hepatic metabolism also contributes to the glucuronidation of DON, which can be useful urine biomarkers. However, chemical modification could be very typical depending on the anthropologic or genetic background, luminal bacteria, and hepatic metabolic enzyme susceptibility to the toxins in the diet. After toxin exposure, effect biomarkers are also important in estimating the linkage and mechanisms of foodborne diseases in human and animal population. Most prominent adverse effects are demonstrated in the DON-induced immunological and behavioral disorders. For instance, acutely elevated interleukin-8 from insulted gut exposed to dietaty DON is a dominant clinical biomarker in human and animals. Moreover, subchronic exposure to the toxins is associated with high levels of serum IgA, a biological mediator of IgA nephritis. In particular, anorexia monitoring using mouse models are recently developed to monitor the biological activities of DON-induced feed refusal. It is also mechanistically linked to alteration of serotoin and peptide YY, which are promising biomarkers of neurological disorders by the toxins. As animal-alternative biomonitoring, huamn enterocyte-based assay has been developed and more realistic gut mimetic models would be useful in monitoring the effect biomarkers in resposne to toxic contaminants in the future investigations.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2000

One hundred and twenty three strains of bacterial flora collected from Kunsan bay and examined for drug resistance to 9 antibiotics. The isolated and examined bacteria were Vibrio spp.(44 strains), Pseudomonas spp.(42 strains), Aeromonas spp.(26 strains), Moraxella spp.(9 strains), Enterobacteria spp.(6 strains), Bordetella spp.(3 strains), Alkaligenesis spp.(3 strains), Staphylococcus spp.(3 strains), and Flavobacterium spp.(2 strains). The drugs used were Ampicillin(AM), Penicillin-G(PM), Rifampicin(RF), Streptomycin(SM), Oxolinic acid (OA), Nalidixic acid(NA), Oxytetracycline(OT), Amikacin(AK), and Enorfloxacin(EF). Forty two strains were found to be sensitive to all drugs. The remaining strains showed resistance to various combinations of drugs. Among the resistant strains were mostly restricted to AM(54 strains/43.9%), PM(47 strains/38.2%), RF(35 strains/28.4%), SM(9 strains), OA(5 strains/ 4.06%), and NA(1 strains/0.8%), in combination at high degree showing 15 different drug resistant patterns. The most frequently showed resistant patterns were AM-PM-RF(16 strains/13.4%), AM-PM(8 strains/6.5%), and PM-RF(7 strains/5.6%). These results suggested that Kunsan bay were contaminated with various strains of highly resistant strains to drugs(AM, PM and RF). These results suggest that high levels of various antibiotics have already been introduced to Kunsan bay. Furthermore it seems that chemotherapy of fish disease has become extremely difficult because of the acquirement of multi-drug resistance to wide range of antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2002

Antimicrobial activities in 70% ethanol extracts of Korean bamboo trees were investigated. Among the antimicrobial activities against ten major strains causing food poisening, Wangdae (Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z.) showed the strongest activity among five major bamboo trees cultivated in Korea. Although all extracts showed relatively strong antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptoccus mutans, the extracts of bamboo culms showed stronger activities than that of bamboo leaves. MICs (minimal inhibitory concentration) of the extracts of Wangdae culm against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were over $10\;and\;20\;{\mu}L/disc$, respectively. The extract of Wangdae culm inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans at over 0.5% concentration, and almost inhibited the growth of these strains at 1% level. The inhibitory effect of the extract of Wangdae culm was not destroyed by heating at 60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, suggesting that the component in the bamboo tree was very heat-stable. These results indicate that 70% ethanol extract of Wangdae culm could be useful as a natural antimicrobial agent.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.6 s.81
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• pp.533-541
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• 2003

In the paper. the health card system to integrate several cards into one card for protecting patient's privacy and security problems is proposed. Firstly, it is defined the minimal data set for integrating several patient cards into one card using IC card, and developed the issuing system to issue the integrated patient IC card. In order to secure and certificate a patient's personal information. the integrated patient IC card has applied 3-DES and the PKI certificate authority based Windows 2000 is established. The receipt and reservation system for taking care of a healthcare has developed to cooperate with the existing hospital computer system. The integrating patient IC card system proposed in this paper is implemented to 11 hospitals and used for 1.000 patients. On the result of the simulation. the proposed system can receive or reserve for a patient to take care of healthcare in the simulated hospitals and also establish the basis of the mechanism to share a medical information.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2001

A new scale named LCL(Logically Classified Level) has been developed to judge the status of the spasticity quantitatively implementing a pcndulum test in this study. Total 30 parameters have been used to develop the new scale. One representative parameter that can represent the dominant characteristics of spasticity has been chosen through statistical analysis. 20 parameters among 30 parameters uscd in the statistical analysis were newly developed and 10 parameters were from previous studies. The new 20 parametcrs were developed using combinations of pcndulum test characteristics. ie anglc, angular velocity. musclo midel. and EMG. 11 parameters among 30 parameters have showed strong correlations each other, Finally. L11 that showed consistency at every case has been chosen to be a representative parameter among the 11 parameters. 28 patients data were separated into 4 groups. A regression equation to predict the trend of patients of L11 has been made. The paramcter L11 was tested to prove its usabilitics for various cases of patients. The new LCL scale is expected to be a quantitative scale, and to replace the MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale) that is not a quantitative scale. Especially it is also expected that the new scale could be used to plan a treatmcnt period. methods, and intensity. as it can evaluate the status of patient's in detail.