• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.563-568
• /
• 1996

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information of biochemical changes in the process of senescence by measuring the total RNA, protein, protease activity and electrophoretic pattern of protein in tobacco plant. The content of soluble protein increased by 15 days after leaf emergence and its level was not changed from 15 to 35 days after leaf emergence. The content of total RNA showed a maximum value at 15 days after leaf emergence and then decreased rapidly until 30 days after leaf emergence. The activity of protease of neutral fraction was higher than that of acidic fraction and rapidly increased up to the end of senescence after 50 days after leaf emergence. According to the analysis of electrophoresis, polypeptide band of 61kd was developed after 35 days after leaf emergence and increased by the end of senescence.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2012

Hematological analysis can provide crucial information for monitoring the health of fish. However, there is no current information available regarding hematological changes in olive flounder following infection by Vibrio scophthalmi. In this study, hematological and biochemical alterations were determined in olive flounder infected by the high virulence strain (HVS) and low virulence strain (LVS) of V. scophthalmi. Survival in serum, skin mucus, and macrophages of olive flounder was also compared between the HVS and LVS. The results demonstrated that the hematocrit value in infected fish declined from 23.4% at 0 h to 18.0% at 168 h post infection. The total protein concentration in fish infected with the HVS was significantly higher than in fish infected with the LVS and a non-infected control. Lysozyme activity was significantly different between infected and control fish. The HVS survived in serum and cell numbers increased substantially, while cell numbers of the LVS in serum decreased. These changes in hematological characteristics in fish infected by V. scophthalmi can be used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish. The survival and reproduction of V. scophthalmi in host serum, skin mucus, and macrophages play a major role in systemic infection and can serve as a virulence indicator for different strains.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.501-506
• /
• 2019

New technology-driven biocatalysts are revolutionizing the biochemical industries. With maximum utilization of renewable feedstock, biocatalysts have been the basis for a major breakthrough. Lipases are the most widely established catalysts used for hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification reactions. In this research, a biochemical process that combines extraction of lipase enzyme from germinated wheat seeds and its application to valorize glycerol to acetins by esterification is presented. Acetins are among highly rated, value-added products derived from glycerol. The favorable conditions for the enzymatic conversion of glycerol were observed as glycerol to acetic acid molar ratio (1:5), reaction temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) and the amount of enzyme (20% v/v). 65.93% of glycerol conversion was achieved for duration of 15 h with the use of tert-butanol solvent. This method proposes to explore the viability of a biological route to convert glycerol derived from biodiesel industry to acetins with further streamlining.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2019

Ni-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and thermally treated at various temperature. The electrochemical performance of composites was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among all prepared composites, the samples annealed at $250^{\circ}C$ showed the highest capacitance with a low resistance, and high cycle stability. It was possible to obtain the low electrical resistance and high electric conductivity of the electrode by improved microstructure and morphology after the thermal annealing at $250^{\circ}C$. The samples annealed at $250^{\circ}C$ also displayed the maximum specific capacitance with a value of $953Fg^{-1}$ at a current density of $0.66A/g^{-1}$ in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, a 86.4% of the initial specific capacitance of the composite was maintained after 3,000 times charge-discharge cycle tests. Based on these properties, it can be concluded that the composite could be applied as potential supercapacitor electrode materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.277-289
• /
• 2019

Herein, a case study discussing the effect of carbonaceous aerosol pollution, which is emitted during the charcoal kiln manufacturing processes or carbonization processes, on the atmospheric environment is presented . In South Korea, in situ analysis of different charcoal production plants specialized in the production of charcoal sauna indicate that the emitted organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) aerosols are significantly influenced by the nature of the biomass and technological processes, i.e., treatment or emissions abatement systems for the exhaust effluent gases. In detail, total carbon (TC), which is calculated as the sum of OC and EC emission factors, varied widely from a charcoal production site to another ranging from 21.8 to 35.8 gTC/kg-oak, where the mean value for the considered production sites was approximately 28 gTC/kg-oak (N = 7 and sum = 196.4). Results indicate that the emission factors from a modern charcoal production process in South Korea are quantitatively lower in comparison with the traditional kiln. This study aims to propose advanced wood processes for the production of charcoal from the viewpoint of environmental protection policy and green engineering.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2022

With the development of sequencing technology, there is a need for technology to predict the function of the protein sequence. Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers are becoming markers that distinguish the function of the sequence. In particular, many researchers are researching various methods of predicting the EC numbers of protein sequences based on deep learning. However, as studies using various methods exist, a problem arises, in which the exact prediction result of the sequence is unknown. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an All Enzyme Commission (AEC) algorithm. The proposed AEC is an algorithm that executes various prediction methods and integrates the results when predicting sequences. This algorithm uses duplicates to give more weights when duplicate values are obtained from multiple methods. The largest value, among the final prediction result values for each method to which the weight is applied, is the final prediction result. Moreover, for the convenience of researchers, the proposed algorithm is provided through the AllEC web services. They can use the algorithms regardless of the operating systems, installation, or operating environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.469-479
• /
• 1995

The increase of population and industrial activities had brought into eutrophication in the Nakdong river. A remarkable acceleration of eutrophication brought about serious problems for water supply. Therefore, for the purpose of conservation of water quality in the Nakdong river it is necessary to control nutrients. MBOD method was use to evaluate algal growth limiting factor and algal growth potential in the Nakdong river from June to August 1994. The modified biochemical oxygen demand(MBOD) depends on the amount of available inorganic nutrient and organic substrate during 5 day incubation in the dark at 2$0^{\circ}C$. The MBOD assay depends on inorganic nutrients such as P and N as well as reduced carbon and called the MBOD, the MBOD-P, and the MBOD-N, respectively. The results of bioassay by MBOD(Modified BOD) method showed that the MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N value were found to be in the ranges of 3.8~96.0 mg$O_2$/l, 5.6~94.0 mg$O_2$/l and 42.0~220 mg$O_2$/l, respectively. And the the bioassay value was found to be the highest in Koryong area and the lowest in Waekwan area throughout the Nakdong river. The variations of MBOD-P and MBOD-N value showed similar tendencies to the variations of phosphorus and nitrogen value, respectively. By MBOD method, the relationships of MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N value were MBOD ≒ MBOD-P 《 MBOD-N. The MBOD value was nearly equal to the MBOD-P value, and the MBOD-N value was 3 to 20 times more than the MBOD-P value, approximately. Therefore, in the Nakdong river, phosphorus was the limiting factor for algal growth during summer season. The algal growth potential as the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the summer was maximum 5 times more than standing crop as it.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.817-819
• /
• 2013

Background: The present study was designed to comparatively assess alteration of biochemical parameters in bile duct cancer and gall stone disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2010 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, serum total cholesterol, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, serum alkaline phosphatase, albumin and hemoglobin. One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significance of differences between groups. A post-hoc LSD test was applied for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was considered significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was $53.2{\pm}21.2$ years. The levels of serum cholesterol were higher in cases of cancer $192.5{\pm}21.5$ mg/dl in comparison to stone cases $168.7{\pm}16.1$ mg/dl (p value: 0.0001). The total bilirubin showed the marked difference in cases of cancer $7.6{\pm}3.2$ mg/dl in comparison to stone cases $2.5{\pm}0.8$ mg/dl of bile duct. There was discernible divergence in values of alkaline phosphatase in cases of cancer $251.5{\pm}20.1$ IU/l when compared to stone cases $173.2{\pm}12.6$ IU/l of bile duct. In contrast, there was no apparent deviation in values of aspartate transaminases and alanine transaminases in cases of cancer $59.1{\pm}8.9$ IU/l and $105.5{\pm}26.5$ IU/l when compared to stone cases $56.9{\pm}7.9$ IU/l and $84.5{\pm}13.5$ IU/l respectively. Conclusions: LFT analysis for pre-operative assessment was a good predictive marker in setting apart bile duct cancer and gall bladder stone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2003

Forages are the most important feed resource for ruminants worldwide, whether fed as pastures, forage crops or conserved hay, silage or haylage. There is large variability in the quality of forages so measurement and prediction of feeding value and nutritive value are essential for high levels of production. Within a commercial animal production system, methods of prediction must be inexpensive and rapid. At least 50% of the variation in feeding value of forages is due to variation in voluntary feed intake. Identification of the factors that constrain voluntary feed intake allows these differences to be managed and exploited in forage selection. Constraints to intake have been predicted using combinations of metabolic and physical factors within the animal while simple measurements such as the energy required to shear the plant material are related to constraints to intake with some plant material. Animals respond to both pre- and post-ingestive feedback signals from forages. Pre-ingestive signals may play a role in intake with signals including taste, odour and texture together with learned aversions to nutrients or toxins (post-ingestive feedback signals). The challenge to forage evaluation is identification of the factors which are most important contributors to these feedback signals. Empirical models incorporating chemical composition are also widely used. The models tend to be useful within the ranges of the datasets used in their development but none can claim to have universal application. Mechanistic models are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated and incorporate both feed characteristics and use of biochemical pathways within the animal. Improvement in utilisation through the deliberate selection of pasture plants for high feeding value appears to have potential and has been poorly exploited. Use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy is a simple method that offers significant potential for the preliminary screening of plants with genetic differences in feeding value. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy will only be as reliable as the calibration sets from which the equations are generated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.379-383
• /
• 1998

Sodium arsenate and Paljin-Tang extract (PJT), a herbal restorative were treated p.o. 20 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, and concurrently to rats, and examined the biochemical parameters in blood. The values of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) in each group did not show significant variance. The value of aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) of arsenic-treated group was increased for 2 weeks significantly while that of the group of concurrent administration with PJT became low significantly compared with arsenic-treated group and the value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of arsenic-treated group was decreased while that of the group of concurrent administration with PJT was increased significantly compared with arsenic-treated group. The value of glucose (Glu) was increased and those of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) were decreased at first but increased later while the group of concurrent administration with PJT showed significant recovery from the toxicity of arsenic.