• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.173.2-174
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• 2003

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have been thus classified as endocrine disruptors. Bioallethrin is one of the pyrethroids. synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrins. These pyrethroids including bioallethrin have been developed as insectides due to their high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity. Currently, bioallethrin is used to eradicate pests and insects in Korea, providing potential for human exposure. (omitted)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.37-58
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• 1993

In order to investigate the toxicities of S-bioallethrin (5-biol) and its combination treatment with N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK-264), the acute and subacute toxicity, and enzyme activity test were performed. $LD_{50}$ levels of S-biol and MGK-264 in rats are 640 mg/kg and 3, 280 mg/kg respectively. However, when rats were treated with the mixture of S-biol and MGK-264 (1 : 5 ratio), the $LD_{50}$ was decreased to 545 mg/kg. In serological analysis, ALT and LDH were increased in animals treated with the mixture. Also glucose level was significantly increased after 5 weeks in animals treated with both S-biol and the mixture. Other biochemical parameters such as cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the liver and kidney were shown to be not significantly changed. Levels of total ATPase and $mg^{2+}$ ATPase were significantly decreased in the liver of animals treated with the mixture after 4-5 weeks. In addition, S-biol can alone decrease total ATPase activity. Total ATPase activity was also significantly decreased in the kidney after 5 week treatment with the mixture. Similarily, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in animals treated with the mixture. When either S-biol or MGK-264 was administered, cholinesterase and carboxyesterase activities were slightly decreased but they were significantly decreased when the mixture was administered.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 1992

After evaluation of presence of nits and/or lice, PARATM aerosol (bioallethrin with piperonyl butoxide) was applied to 97 women and 43 girls, regardless of the results of their infestation, living at 2 separate institutions. Twelve days after the first treatment the second treatment was carried out and the presence of head lice was examined for the evaluation of treatment effect. Among total 140 subjects, 98(70,0%) were nit positive and 85(60.7%) were louse positive. The infestation rates of girls by nit(86.0%) and louse(86.0%) were higher than those of women, nit 62.9% and louse 49.5%(p<0.01). Also the detection rate of lice among nit positive subjects was higher in girls(100%) than in women(78.7%). On the second evaluation 12 days after treatment, 36(97.3%) out of 37 girls and 46(95.8%) out of 48 women were found louse-free. There was no difference in the treatment efficacy between the women and girls.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.17-34
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• 1992

The object of this study is to investigate the toxicity of S-biol (d-allethron-d-transchrysanthemate) and the mode of action between other synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and S-biol in rats. Rats were treated daily with S-biol (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg) by oral administration for 5 weeks. The experimental results were summerized as follows: Biochemical parameters such as LDH and Glucose in serum were much more increased in control groups. No significant hematological change excepts for MCHC in rats treated with S-biol 100 mg/kg were observed in all groups compared to control groups. In animals treated with S-biol for 4∼5 weeks, the levels of cytochrome P-450 in the liver were significantly increased. In renal microsomal fractions, however, no significant changes of cytochrome P-450 contents were observed. The activitis of ATPase in groups treated with S-biol (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were decreased compared to those in other groups. TBA values and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver were increased a little in the groups treated with S-biol (100 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. The activities of cholinesterase in hepatic and serum were not significantly changed in all groups but slightly decreased in animals treated with high dose of S-biol (100 mg/kg). The activities of carboxylesterase in serum and in the liver were slightly increased but not significantly changed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1997

To exam infestation rate and removal rate of head louse, we did delousing at 27 primary schools and 19 kindergartens established as an annex to the primary school in Namwon-shi, Jollabuk-do, Korea, from May to December 1995. Total of 3123 subjects were examined ed for the presence of head lice and nits The overall infestation rate was 9.6%, 9.5% in primary school children and 10.1% in kindergarten children. Among 299 infested children, 55 children evaluated by live nit had louse, and 79 children had dead nit. According to distractive research, Ibaek-myon and Songdong-myon revealed high infestation rate of 27.3%, and 21.7% respectively. Infestation rate of primary school was 0 to 50.9%, kindergarten was 0 to 100%. Infestation rate of female children were higher than male in all grades. When we executed one time treatment with PARA$^{(R)}$ aerosol(bioallethrin with piperonyl butoxide), treatment rate of 65.1% was examined, 82.8% was examined in three times of treatment. We concluded that 3 times of treatments interval of 14 days were more effective than one time in the case of treatment of only infested children. In order to prevent the spread of head lice, education of school hygiene and suitable delousing attempts should be executed in the present situation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

It is well known that many pesticides possess hormonal activity, and affect the developments of wildlife and mammals including human. Currently, pyrethroid insecticides are in worldwide use to control in and outdoor pests, providing potential far environmental exposure. Hormonal activities of these pyrethroid insecticides, however, have been little studied, and the developmental effects of them were no reported. Therefore, we firstly examined the potential estrogenic activities of some pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, tetramethrin, deltamethrin, sumithrin, fenvalerate and bioallethrin) by immature rat uterotrophic assay, luciferase reporter gene assay and Calbindin-D$\sub$9k/ (CaBP-9k) gene expression assay. Uterine wet weights were increased by permethrin and the permethrin-induced weights were inhibited by ICI 182780 in the uterolrophic assay. On the other hand tetramethrin significantly reduced uterine and vaginal wet weights, and also inhibited the E2-induced weight increases at all doses tested. Cypermethrin and sumithrin had a tendency to increase uterine weights, although not statistically significant. Permethrin and cypermethrin dose-dependently increased the luciferase activity in reporter gene assay. Northern blot analysis showed that permethrin induced CaBP-9k mRNA expression whereas tetramethrin inhibted. Subsequent studies were conducted to investigate the possible developmental effects of four pyrethroid insecricides (permethrin, cypermethrin, sumithrin and teramethrin). Either diethlbestrol (DES) or 17${\beta}$ -estradiol (E2) was used as a reference control in this study. Pyrethroid insecticides were administered to Sprague Dawley rats via subcutaneous injection at 6 to 18 days of gestation or 1 to 5 days after birth. In utero treatment of permethrin (10mg/kg/day) in female rat resulted in significant increases in uterine and ovarian weights while significant decreases in serum E2 concentration, uterine and ovarian ER${\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Sumithrin and permethrin led to acceleration in vaginal opening of female rat, while delay in preputial separation of male after neonatal treatment. Anogenital distances of PND 18 were significantly reduced in sumthrin-treated, and permerhrin-treated male rats after neonatal treatment. All the pyrethroid insecticides tested caused significant increases in uterine weights on PND 18, while significant reductions in the first diestrus phase when neonataly treated. In addition, exposure to pyrethroids in neonatal period led to significant reduction in relative brain weight in female rat on PND 18, but its weight was recovered in diestrus phase. In summary, Our experimental data demonstrate the possibilities of developmental effects of pyrethroid insecticides via estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity.