• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-79
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• 2009

This study examined how the explicit and implicit race attitudes differ according to age and gender from the developmental perspective in Korean elementary students. The study also investigated the efficacy of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change in elementary school students. This thesis consists of two parts. In Study 1, elementary school students(first grade:117, fourth grade:117) completed Explicit Attitudes Rating Scales, Explicit Preference Test, and Child Implicit Association Tests (Korean-White/Korean-Black/ Korean-Southeast Asian IATs). The effects of age and gender on explicit and implicit attitudes toward Korean/White/Black/Southeast Asian were examined with two-way MANOVA. The results demonstrated that as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias decrease on the explicit level. In contrast, on the implicit level, as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias do not decrease. Rather, prejudiced attitudes toward blacks increase. Study 2 was performed to investigate the effect of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change toward races in elementary school students. The program conveying an anti-bias message consists of three sessions, and the procedures are as follows; watching video clips, confirming contents and short discussion. Two classes in the program and two classes in comparative groups on the first and fourth grade of elementary school were assessed. The results showed that black preference significantly increased both in the first and the fourth grade elementary students on the explicit attitude level, but not on the implicit level. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.880-886
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• 2007

We have proposed a new "hybrid" envelope elimination and restoration(EER) transmitter architecture using an efficiency optimized power amplifier(PA) and modified bias modulator. The efficiency of the PA at the average drain voltage is very important for the overall transmitter efficiency because the PA operates mostly at the average power region of the modulation signal. Accordingly, the efficiency of the PA has been optimized at the region. Besides, the bias modulator has been accompanied with the emitter follower for the minimization of memory effect. A saturation amplifier, class $F^{-1}$ is built using a 5-W PEP LDMOSFET for forward-link single-carrier wideband code-division multiple-access(WCDMA) at 1-GHz. For the interlock experiment, the bias modulator has been built with the efficiency of 64.16% and peak output voltage of 31.8 V. The transmitter with the proposed PA and bias modulator has been achieved an efficiency of 44.19%, an improvement of 8.11%. Besides, the output power is enhanced to 32.33 dBm due to the class F operation and the PAE is 38.28% with ACLRs of -35.9 dBc at 5-MHz offset. These results show that the proposed architecture is a very good candidate for the linear and efficient high power transmitter.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2020

This study analyzed the impact of leisure activities on school life satisfaction in the cultural rights and self-determination of teenagers who spend most of their time in school in the college entrance exam-oriented climate, and examined the effects of happiness and life satisfaction on the school life satisfaction through a process macro applying Bias Corrected Bootstrapping in these relationships. For research purposes, 2,590 cohorts in the first year of the 2018 Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed through process macros. The result was that leisure life had a significant effect on school life satisfaction. It was also found that happiness and satisfaction in life affect satisfaction, and happiness and satisfaction in life affect satisfaction in school life and serve as a medium. This study confirmed that teenagers' participation in leisure activities greatly affects school life satisfaction and that happiness and life satisfaction have a mediating effect on school life satisfaction. In addition, we could recognize the importance of leisure activities to the satisfaction of school life of teenagers, and find it necessary to develop and provide various program graphs of schools and communities for happiness and satisfaction in life. This study verified that the participation of leisure activities of adolescents has a significant effect on school life satisfaction, and that happiness and life satisfaction have a mediating effect on school life satisfaction. In addition, we could recognize the importance of leisure activities to the satisfaction of school life of teenagers, and find it necessary to develop and provide various program graphs of schools and communities for happiness and satisfaction in life. Therefore, this research is believed to be possible to contribute to academic and practical programs for youth leisure activities and school life relationships, and to make policy suggestions for the development and participation of various leisure activities in order to fully enjoy and protect youth's rights to culture and self-determination of leisure activities.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1434-1436
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• 1995

We designed and fabricated a highly sensitive magnetotransistor which employes the emitter region as a Hall plate for inducing Hall voltage across the emitter. The Hall voltage modulates the emitter basic junction bias on both sides of the emitter so that a large collector current difference is resulted. The specially designed $p^+$ ring around the emitter enhances accumulation of drifted electrons in the emitter and thus the Hall voltage. A relative sensitivity of 240/tesla is measured by operating the device in the saturation mode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2009

AFM anodic oxidation has the capability of patterning complex nano-patterns under relatively high speeds and low voltage. We report the fabrication using a atomic force microscopy (AFM) of silicon nano-ribbon and nano-field effect transistors (FETs). The fabricated nano-patterns have great potential characteristics in various fields due to their interesting electronic, optical and other profiles. The results shows that oxide width and the separation between the oxide patterns can be optimally controlled. The subsequently fabricated silicon nano-ribbon and nano-FET working devices were controled by various tip-sample bias-voltages and scan speed of AFM anodic oxidation. The results may be applied for highly integration circuits and sensitive optical sensor applications.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2000

This paper describes a CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with bias current reusing architecture intended lot use in the front-end of IMT-2000 receiver. It has been implemented in a 0.35$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS process with two poly and four metal layers. In order to accuracy of simulation, we considered a bonding wire and a pad effect and used the measurements of capacitors and on-chip inductors which implemented in the same process. The LNA has a forward gain (S21) of 17 ㏈ and a noise fjgure of 1.26 ㏈. And it has a third-order intermodulation intercept point (IP3) of +3.15 ㏈m and a 1㏈ compression point (P1㏈) of -16 ㏈m, input referred, respectively. The power consumption is 19 ㎽ from a 3V supply.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to overview and evaluate the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding for climacteric hot flush. Methods: We searched articles from CNKI, Pubmed CENTRAL, Koreantk, Oasis online databases. After searching the articles, we performed quality assessment using Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tools. Results: Among the 20 articles were searched, one radomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was selected. 1 Study showed that Acupoint catgut embedding treatment has significant effect on climacteric hot flush in terms of the effectiveness rate. Conclusions: This study found encouraging but limited evidence of aupoint catgut embedding theragpy for climacteric hot flush.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.184-187
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• 1996

Diamod nucleation by mw assisted CVD was examined various conditions namely, (1) diamond nucleation on variour substrate materials, such as Si, cubic BN, pyrolytic BN and AIN, (2) AST(Activated species transport) method which promote nucleation of diamond on single crystal and polycrystalline alumina substrate was developed. (3) Effect of bias enhancement of nucleation on single crystalline Si was examined, and finally (4) DST (Double step treatment) method was developed to enhance diamond nucleation on Ni. In this method, we separated carbon diffusing process into Ni, carbon precipitating process from the inside of Ni and diamond precipitation process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.214-214
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• 2013

Diamond like carbon(DLC) 박막은 고경도, 저마찰, 내스크래치 특성을 요구하는 표면기술 응용분야에 널리 사용되며, 대면적 저가 코팅 방법 개발 및 물성 조절 기술이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 Filtered Vacuum Arc (FVA)를 통해 증착되는 Hydrogen-free DLC 박막의 밀착력 제어를 위한 증착시 기판 전압에 따른 증착 및 밀착력 특성을 분석하였다. 기판전압이 0~-150 V 까지 변화함에 따른 스크래치 테스트 결과를 통해 최적 증착 조건을 도출하였다.