• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2020

한국 성인들의 흡연여부에 따른 음료섭취량과 치주질환의 연관성을 확인하기 위하여 제6기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 19-64세 중 음료섭취조사와 건강설문조사 및 구강검진을 완료한 9,042명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 치주질환의 주요 위험요인인 흡연여부를 층화변수로 사용하여 복합표본 통계분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 비흡연군에서 치주질환자는 비치주질환자에 비해 커피의 섭취가 많았고, 우유, 탄산음료, 과일주스의 섭취는 적었다. 흡연군에서 치주질환자는 비치주질환자에 비해 커피의 섭취가 많았고, 우유, 액상요거트, 탄산음료, 과일주스의 섭취는 적었다. 외래 변수 보정 후 비흡연군에서는 커피의 섭취가 많은 사람이, 흡연군에서는 우유의 섭취가 적은 사람이 치주질환과 연관성이 있었다. 결론적으로 일부 음료의 섭취빈도는 치주질환과 연관성이 확인되어 치주질환 예방 교육 시 음료섭취의 중요성을 강조하고 식이지침에도 음료섭취에 관한 내용을 추가할 것을 제언한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.441-455
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe beverage patterns among healthy Korean adults and investigate their association with prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Subjects consisted of 6,927 Korean adults, aged 19-64 years in the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013-2015). Beverages were regrouped into twelve groups based on food codes and beverage intake (g/day) was assessed by 24-hour recall. Factor analysis was used to obtain beverage patterns. Waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were used as anthropometric data; fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and blood pressure were used as biochemical indicators. The odds ratio (OR) for prevalence of metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Three beverage patterns were identified using factor analysis: 1) carbonated soft drinks 2) coffee (without added sugar or powdered creamer), and 3) alcoholic beverages. Subjects with high scores for the carbonated soft drink and coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer patterns were younger and subjects with high scores for the alcoholic beverage pattern were older. There were significant differences in gender distribution in all three beverage patterns, with men more likely to have high scores for carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverage patterns. On the other hand, women were more likely to have higher scores for coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer pattern. Within each pattern, there were significant differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics such as education, household income, frequency of eating out, and smoking status according to the quartile of pattern scores. Alcoholic beverages and carbonated soft drinks patterns were associated with an increased levels of metabolic syndrome components, but coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer was not associated with any of metabolic syndrome components in healthy Korean adults after adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, weight management, household income, smoking status, frequency of eating out, and energy intake. Conclusions: Alcoholic beverages and carbonated soft drinks patterns are associated with increased levels of metabolic syndrome components while coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer pattern is not associated with any of metabolic syndrome components in healthy Korean adults.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.490-500
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate fluid intake and hydration status in association with cognitive function among 230 adolescents (10-14 years of age) in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Urine color was used to measure hydration status, while fluid intake was assessed using the 15-item beverage intake questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. RESULTS: More than half of the adolescents were mildly or moderately dehydrated (59.6%) and only one-third (33.0%) were well hydrated. Among the daily fluid types, intakes of soft drinks (r = -0.180; P = 0.006), sweetened tea (r = -0.184; P = 0.005) and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (r = -0.199; P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function. In terms of hydration status, cognitive function score was significantly higher (F-ratio = 4.102; P = 0.018) among hydrated adolescents (100.38 ± 12.01) than in dehydrated (92.00 ± 13.63) counterparts. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, showed that soft drinks (β = -0.009; P < 0.05) and sweetened tea (β = -0.019; P < 0.05) negatively predicted cognitive function (ΔR² = 0.044). When further control for sources of fluid, hydration status (β = -2.839; P < 0.05) was shown to negatively predict cognitive function (ΔR² = 0.021). The above variables contributed 20.1% of the variance in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the links between fluid intake (soft drinks, sweetened tea, total SSBs) and hydration status with cognitive function in adolescents. Interventions aimed at decreasing the consumption of SSBs and increasing hydration status through healthy fluid choices, such as water, could improve cognitive performance in adolescents.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.327-328
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• 2017

Despite provision of drinking water as the most common method of occupational heat stress prevention, there remains confusion in hydration messaging to workers. During work site interactions in a hot and humid climate, workers commonly report being informed to consume tepid fluids to accelerate rehydration. When questioned on the evidence supporting such advice, workers typically cite that fluid absorption is delayed by ingestion of chilled beverages. Presumably, delayed absorption would be a product of fluid delivery from the gut to the intestines, otherwise known as gastric emptying. Regulation of gastric emptying is multifactorial, with gastric volume and beverage energy density the primary factors. If gastric emptying is temperature dependent, the impact of cooling is modest in both magnitude and duration (${\leq}5$ minutes) due to the warming of fluids upon ingestion, particularly where workers have elevated core temperature. Given that chilled beverages are most preferred by workers, and result in greater consumption than warm fluids during and following physical activity, the resultant increased consumption of chilled fluids would promote gastric emptying through superior gastric volume. Hence, advising workers to avoid cool/cold fluids during rehydration appears to be a misinterpretation of the research. More appropriate messaging to workers would include the thermal benefits of cool/cold fluid consumption in hot and humid conditions, thereby promoting autonomy to trial chilled beverages and determine personal preference. In doing so, temperature-based palatability would be maximized and increase the likelihood of workers maintaining or restoring hydration status during and after their work shift.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

알루미늄 폐캔은 중요한 재활용 자원으로서 알루미늄 캔용 원소재 판재는 물론 알루미늄의 국내소요량을 전량 수입에 의존하고 있는 우리나라로서는 활용 가능한 알루미늄폐캔의 재활용율을 높여야 하는 것은 외화절약과 환경보호 측면에서 대단히 중요하다. 사용한 알루미늄 캔을 다시 캔으로 재활용 하는 단계는 폐캔의 수집, 파쇄, 선별, 도료제거, 용해 및 2차지금을 제조하는 단계와 이 2차지금을 이용하여 열처리, 열간 및 냉간압연, 중간소둔처리 등을 거쳐 다시 캔을 성형하는 2단계로 나눌수 있다. 본 자료에서는 이러한 알루미늄 캔의 재활용 기술에 대한 우리나라와 선진국들의 현황과 전망을 소개하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.580-589
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• 2018

본 연구는 라오스 비엔티안 지역 일부 청소년을 대상으로 식품 불안정 상태를 파악하고, 이에 따른 식행동 및 가공 음료 섭취를 비교하고자 진행되었다. 미국 농무부에서 개발한 식품 안정 조사 모듈을 통해 조사한 결과, 전체 714명의 대상자 중 519명, 즉 72.7%가 식품 불안정 상태로 나타났다. 식품 안정군 (Food Security, FS)이 식품 불안정군 (Food Insecurity, FI)에 비해 '삶에 대한 만족도', '부모의 교육 수준', '가정 내 소유하고 있는 물품의 수'가 더 높았고 '형제자매 수'는 더 적었던 것을 통해 식품 불안정이 낮은 사회 경제적 상태 (socioeconomic status, SES)와 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. FI군보다 FS군의 가공 음료 섭취 및 점심 식사를 밖에서 사 먹는 비율이 유의적으로 더 높게 나타난 것 역시 FI군의 낮은 SES가 반영된 결과라고 생각할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 가장 주목할 만한 결과는 FS군이 FI군에 비해 '아침 식사 섭취 빈도' 및 '스스로 평가한 식사의 질', '간이 식생활 진단'을 통해 평가한 결과의 총점이 더 높게 나타났으나, '식품 안정'에서 높은 수준의 가공 음료 섭취 가능성 또한 1.544배 증가하였다는 것이다. 이는 낮은 식사의 질이 단지 식품 불안정에 따른 문제가 아님을 의미하므로, 라오스 청소년을 대상으로 한 체계적인 영양 교육 및 정책 마련은 추후 빠르게 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.805-817
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the preference and consumption status of non-alcohol and alcohol beverages of Korean and Chinese university students in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 241 Korean and 198 Chinese students. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. 'Water' was the most commonly consumed non-alcohol beverages by all Korean and Chinese students. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' (p<.001), 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.05), and 'vinegar drink' (p<.01) of Chinese male students was significantly higher than the Korean male students. The intake frequency of 'ionic drink' (p<.001; p<.01) of Korean male and female students was significantly higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.001), 'milk' (p<.01), and 'soymilk' (p<.05) of Chinese female students was higher than the Korean female students. For the choosing the non-alcohol beverages, the Chinese female students were more health-oriented than the Korean female students (p<.01). 'Beer' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Korean male and female and Chinese male students whereas 'Wine' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Chinese female students. The intake frequency of 'Soju' of Korean male (p<.001) and female (p<.001) students was higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'Wine' of Chinese male (p<.05) and female (p<.001) students higher than the Korean male and female students. Compared with the Chinese female students, the Korean female students more funds have to spend, in order to buy alcohol beverages (p<.01). More 81% of the Korean male and 80% of the female students reported drinking alcohol in 'beer house' whereas 78% of the Chinese male and 65% of female students drunken the alcohol in the 'beer house' or at 'home' (p<.01; p<.001). In conclusion, a practically and foreigner-friendly alcohol policies of university should be devised to reduce the alcohol consumption of students and related problems.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between consumption of sweet drinks and foods with accompanying oral hygiene health behaviors, and their condition of oral hygiene rural residents who are expected to have relatively poor oral hygiene compared to their urban counterparts. Methods: The 384 subjects, who are aged over 40 and have taken dental examination by dentists in health branches in 6 Myouns, Kongju city, Chungchongnamdo Province during the period between June 1st through 31st, 2004, were asked about dental health behaviors and subjective symptoms using questionnaires. Results and Conclusions: Based on dental health behavior according to sweet beverage and food, the dental health behavior was desirable in both sexes for 'almost daily drink' concerning sweet beverages and 'almost never eat' concerning sweet food, with no statistical significance. As for oral conditions, the groups who responded to 'almost daily drink/eat' for sweet beverages and food had the highest rate of non-treated teeth, lost teeth, DMFT and CPITN, with no statistical significance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with the consumption frequency of sweet foods as explanatory variables and 5 factors of oral conditions as dependent variables, revealed that there was no statistical significance in the oral conditions according to the consumption frequency of sweet drinks while, as for sweet drinks, there was a significant difference to the group who answered as 'occasional gum bleeding' in the case of 'almost daily eat.' responders(OR= 2.33, 95% CI=1.42-3.81, p<0.05).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.162-178
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• 2021

The study examined the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The survey was conducted on 670 individuals (320 men and, 350 women), aged 40~64 years, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The online and written data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Although there was a significant difference in the perceived health status (P < 0.01), there were no significant differences in the subjective stress and the current disease status according to sex. For dietary habits, the scores for fruit intake (P < 0.05), meat and fish intake (P < 0.05), milk and dairy products intake (P < 0.01), and seaweed intake (P < 0.05) were higher in women than men. The scores for three-meal eating (P < 0.05) and water intake (P < 0.01) were higher in men than women. For the health-related habits, alcohol-drinking frequency, daily alcohol consumption, smoking experience, and daily smoking were higher in men than women (P < 0.001). In contrast, caffeinated beverage intake, exercise frequency, and daily smart-phone, computer, and TV using time were similar in both sexes. The meal-eating time was faster in men than women (P < 0.01). For dietary behavior changes, only appetite showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). This study provides essential information on the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits in middle-aged men and women. Nevertheless, further research and a practical nutrition program will be needed to solve undesirable dietary habits and improve the health and lifestyle of middle-aged adults according to sex.