• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2001

Sexual behavior and reproductivity of male fIsh were studied as an in vivo screening method of endocrine disruptors. Male medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 17$\beta$-estradiol at nominal concentrations of 2 and 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l for 14 days. After exposure of the chemical, sexual behavior between male medaka and normal female which were injected with prostaglandin $F_{2\alpha}$ just before the test, was analysed by using video camera for one hour. Normal control male showed courtship dancing such as following, guarding, dancing and crossing while 17$\beta$-estradiol treated male did not show any type oj courtship dancing. Furthermore, fecundity and fertility were significantly decreased in the treated group. It was suggested that analysis of sexual behavior could be a useful endpoint for the screening of the endocrine disruptors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.72-72
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• 1997

합성한 5종의 6-Exomethylene penamsulfone 유도체의 Type I, Type II, Type III, TypeIV, TEM 효소에 대한 $\beta$-lactamase저해효과를 spectrophotometric assay방법으로 측정하였다. 또한 여기서 우수한 효소억제활성을 보여준 3종의 화합물을 가지고 In vitro antibacterial activity를 Agar dilution method법으로 27종의 $\beta$-lactamase생성균주에 대하여, Sulbactam, Ampicillin 및 Cefoperazone과 병용투여하여 MIC를 측정하였다.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.158-173
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate factors related to depression of elderly women in a Metropolitan city. Methods: Subjects included 118 elderly women older than 65 years of age. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in depression was observed according to number of chronic diseases(F=4.963, p=.001). Significant factors influencing depression included number of chronic diseases (${\beta}$=.265, p<.01), cognitive function (${\beta}$=.290, p<.01), quality of sleep(${\beta}$=.212, p<.01), and nutritional state (${\beta}$=.161, p<.05). These factors explained 54.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest the need for development of nursing strategies to decrease the incidence of depression in elderly women.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 1991

A series of compounds, N-(2-substituted-1-carboxy)vinylazetidinones were successfully synthesized in order to test the hypothesis that biological activities of ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics could be attributed to the smooth flow of electrons after a nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon in the ${\beta}$-lactam ring. After introduction of aminothiazolylacetamido group at 3-position of the azetidinones, their biological activities were evaluated. Their low activities led to the conclusion that the smooth electron flow in ${\beta}$-lactams in not the sufficient source for the biological activities.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2024

Rapid screening for internal contamination by alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides is essential in situations involving radiation workers or radiation accidents. This study focused on the use of urine samples and liquid scintillation counting to quickly and accurately assess contamination. Calibration of the alpha and beta detection areas ensured precise measurement results. The major radionuclides recommended for surveillance during accidents were also considered. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the method by examining various parameters, including the limit of detection, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, ruggedness, and blind test sample analysis. The liquid scintillation counting method is an effective tool for screening urinary samples to detect alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides, particularly during radiation emergencies, despite some limitations in precision.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

Sex Hormones exert significant influence in body physiology throughout life. Some reports suggested increased sex hormone levels correlate with an increased prevalence of gingivitis. The objectives of this pilot study are to(1) address the link between menstrual cycle and MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ of gingival crevicular fluid during 4 weeks and (2) discuss the major biomarker of periodontal status. 7 female and 3 male volunteer who didn't have smoking habit, medical and dental disease after informed consent, were seen twice a week for 4 weeks. GCF samples were collected and GCF levels of MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The GCF levels of MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ had fluctuation according to menstrual cycle, but the changes of those were not significant by Friedman matched samples test. There is no difference between female and male subjects by Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation of MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-$1{\beta}$ showed strong by Spearman correlation(0.644-0.945). This study confirms menstrual cycle doesn't influence the periodontium of healthy female subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on ${\beta}$-endorphine (${\beta}$-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. Methods: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70% of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of ${\beta}$-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70% of its predicted maximum. Results: The mean ${\pm}$ the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were $24.26{\pm}5.29$ and $29.06{\pm}3.26$ minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70% HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70% versus 6.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum ${\beta}$-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status ($Mean{\pm}SD$: $122.07{\pm}28.56{\mu}g/ml$ and $246.55{\pm}29.57{\mu}g/ml$ in the control group versus $90.12{\pm}20.91{\mu}g/ml$ and $179.80{\pm}28.57{\mu}g/ml$ in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that FM patients had lower levels of ${\beta}$-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the ${\beta}$-END level in both groups but the average increase in ${\beta}$-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.421-431
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of depression, social isolation, and meaning in life on the swallowing related quality of life in patients with dysphagia. In this study, 87 the dysphagia patients diagnosed with stroke, degenerative disease, and neurological disorder in a general or rehabilitation hospital in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon were assessed. The data were collected between February and April, 2015 using CES-D, RULS, PIL, SWAL-QOL. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. Of the participants, 20.7% reported having had depression, 92.0% middle-high social isolation and 64.4% existential vacuum. The mean scores were SWAL- QOL 158.89(35.97). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that tube feeding to have the greatest effect on SWAL-QOL(${\beta}=-0.57$, p<.001), followed in order by age (${\beta}=0.26$, p=.001), lower MIL (${\beta}=0.19$ p=.014), and education (${\beta}=0.17$, p=.032). The most influential factor to SWAL-QOL was tube feeding. These variables accounted for 50.7% of SWAL-QOL in dysphagia patients (F=28.84 p=.031). Therefore, it is essential to develop the intervention that can improve the meaning in life in patients with dysphagia. In addition there is a need to study the psychological factors and quality of life of tube feeding.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.74-96
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• 2002

The objectives of this study is to suggest the rectifying sampling inspection plan considering quality cost. Limiting quality level(LQL) plans(also called LTPD plans) and outgoing quality(OQ) plans are considered. The Hald's linear cost model is discussed with and without a beta prior for the distribution of the fraction of nonconforming items in a lot. It is assumed that the sampling inspection is error free. We consider the design of reliability acceptance sampling plan (RASP) for failure rate level qualification at selected confidence level. The lifetime distribution of products is assumed to be exponential. MIL-STD-690C and K C 6032 standards provide this procedures. But these procedures have some questions to apply in the field. The cost of test and confidence level(1-$\beta$ risk) are the problem between supplier and user. So, we suggest that the optimal life test sampling inspection plans using simple linear cost model considering product cost, capability of environment chamber, environmental test cost, and etc. Especially, we consider a reliability of lots that contain some nonconforming items. In this case we assumed that a nonconforming item fail after environmental life test. Finally, we develope the algorithm of the optimal sampling inspection plan based on minimum costs for rectifying inspection and RASP. And computer application programs are developed So, it is shown how the desired sampling plan can be easily found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2016

KOMPSAT-3A (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-3A) was launched in March 25 2015 with specification of 0.5 meters resolution panchromatic and four 2.2 meters resolution multi spectral sensors in 12km swath width at nadir. To better understand KOMPSAT-3A positional accuracy, this paper reports a test result on the accuracy of recently released KOMPSAT-3A beta test images. A number of ground points were acquired from 1:1,000 digital topographic maps over the target area for the accuracy validation. First, the original RPCs (Rational Polynomial Coefficients) were validated without any GCPs (Ground Control Points). Then we continued the test by modeling the errors in the image space using shift-only, shift and drift, and the affine model. Ground restitution accuracy was also analyzed even though the across track image pairs do not have optimal convergence angle. The experimental results showed that the shift and drift-based RPCs correction was optimal showing comparable accuracy of less than 1.5 pixels with less GCPs compared to the affine model.