• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.342-354
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to estimate the effectiveness of an intervention program using the trans-theoretical model on the stages of change, the process of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, the levels of medication adherence, and blood pressure difference. Methods: A similar experiment was conducted using a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. The study subjects were 108 hypertensive patients. The program was administered to the experimental group while educational materials were given to the control group. Descriptive analysis, 2-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used with SPSS 17.0 to analyze collected data. Results: After treatment with this program, the experimental group showed stage of change ($x^2=52.917$, p<.001), cognitive (F=13,528, p<.001), behavioral process of change (F=10.808, p<.001), benefits (F=5.569, p=.012), loss of medication adherence (F=15.661, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=5.407, p=.011), levels of medication adherence (F=51.442, p<.001). Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the experimental group who participated in the TTM medication adherence intervention program. Given that this intervention program motivated and stimulated hypertensive patients to adhere to the prescribed medications, the TTM medication adherence intervention program is expected to be an effective and practical intervention method for health improvement.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2014

Purpose: This study has examined effectiveness of a secondhand smoking prevention program for adolescents. Methods: The study was done in a nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest design. The subjects of the current study were 198 middle school students from K city in the Gyeongbuk province. The students were assigned to an experimental group (100) and participated in the secondhand smoking prevention program or to a control group (98) and did not take part. Data collection was done from June to July 2012. A Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t test and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 18.0 program for data analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge of short-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=9.65, p<.005), knowledge of long-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=15.53, p<.001), verbal coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=16.35, p<.001), behavioral coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=8.49, p<.005), and assertiveness of secondhand smoking prevention (F=17.30, p<.001) measurements. Conclusion: The secondhand smoking prevention program delivered to the adolescents is an effective method of encouraging secondhand smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.644-652
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sugar intake and behavioral problems in Korean school children. The subjects were 280 school children lived in Soung Nam city. Nutrient and sugar intakes were measured by 24-hour recall method and food frequency method through personal interview. Hyperactivity scores of children were measured by teacher and mother using conners Rating Scale-Revised. The average daily total sugar intake for the total sample was 63.0$\pm$37.4g(Range : 10g-220g). The result of stepwise multiple regression analysis using the sugar intake as dependent variable showed that energy, participation of school lunch program, Vit B2, protein, education of fathers, niacin, calcium are significant explanatory variables, explaining 44.8% of variation. As a result of the Conners scale test by teacher, 4% of children were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children. A result of the Conners scale test by mother, 8% of children were ADHD children. The result of simple regression analysis had not shown significant relationship between sugar intake and ADHD scores. But the result of the Conners test by teacher, sugar intake(69.9$\pm$37.1g) of ADHD children were significantly higher than sugar intake(62.9$\pm$37.7g) of normal children(p<0.01).

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

This paper is introduced about Design driven testing, for real time system, based on use case approaches, We focuses on a part of an extended use case approach for real time software development, which partitions design schema into layered design component architecture of functional components called "design component", We developed a use case action matrix to contain a collection of related scenarios each describing a specific variant of an executable sequence of use case action units, which reflected the behavioral properties of the real time system design, in this paper, we attempt to apply real time system with design driven testing with test plan metrics which is introduced which produces an ordering of this scenario set to enhance productivity and both promote and capitalize on test case reusability of existing scenarios.scenarios.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED) has been reported to prevent memory impairment and neuronal cell loss in a rat model with cognitive disturbance. We investigated the effect of DHED on memory impairment and behavioral abnormality caused by stress. We demonstrated that DHED can improve stress-induced memory impairments and depression-like behaviors by using open-field test, Y-maze test and forced swimming test. DHED treatment significantly recovered the decreases in the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) proteins caused by stress and the decreases in cell viability. Our results suggested that DHED is a potential drug candidate for neuronal death, memory impairment and depression induced by stress.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2014

The etiology of most psychiatric disorders is still incompletely understood. However, growing evidence suggests that stress is a potent environmental risk factor for depression and anxiety. In rodents, various stress paradigms have been developed, but psychosocial stress paradigms have received more attention than non-social stress paradigms because psychosocial stress is more prevalent in humans. Interestingly, some recent studies suggest that chronic psychosocial stress and social isolation affects mainly anxiety-related behaviors in mice. However, it is unclear whether chronic non-social stress induces both depression- and anxiety-related phenotypes or induces one specific phenotype in mice. In the present study, we examined the behavioral consequences of three chronic non-social stress paradigms: chronic predictable (restraint) stress (CPS), chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and repeated corticosterone-HBC complex injection (RCI). Each of the three paradigms induced mild to severe depression/despair-like behaviors in mice and resulted in increased immobility in a tail suspension test. However, anxiety-related phenotypes, thigmotaxis and explorative behaviors, were not changed by the three paradigms. These results suggest that depression- and anxiety-related phenotypes can be dissociated in mouse stress models and that social and non-social stressors might affect brain circuits and behaviors differently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

The main objective of this research is to present the behaviors of precast concrete slab under moving wheel loads. The simulated moving wheel tester and precast concrete slab were designed for this research. In particular, a comparative analysis between the structural analysis and the moving wheel load test was evaluated in connection parts, deformation, bedding layer of concrete slab panels. In the comparisons of the test results from static and moving wheel loads, the maximum deformations were similar. It should be noted that the deformation of panel 2 from the static loading test was larger than that of other panels, while the deformations of panels 1 and 3 were more noticeable than that of panel 2.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was the application of sequential analysis to mother-infant interaction data, with particular reference to goodness of fit. The subjects of this study were 22 7- to 16-month-old infants(12 girls and 10 boys) and their mothers. Each mother-infant dyad was videotaped in a 5-min free-play session in the playroom. The videotaped data was transcribed on the behavioral checklist every 3 seconds. The recorded raw data were lagged by one time interval (3 sec.). Transitional probabilities from behavior at time t-1 to behavior at time t were gathered. The statistical analysis of frequency data and transitional probabilities consisted of Z test, t test, and sign test. It was found that regarding 1) direction of effect: the transitional probability of infant vocalization following maternal vocalization was significantly higher than the reverse; the transitional probability of a 'Coacting State' following a 'Mother Active State' was significantly higher than the reverse; the probability of a 'Mother Active State' following 'Quiescent State' was significantly higher than that of a 'Coacting State' following an 'Infant Active State'; 2) sex differences: male infants' transitional probability from an 'Infant Active State' to a 'Quiescent State' was significantly higher than that of female infants; 3) age differences: more than younger infants older infants had higher transitional probabilities from a 'Mother Active State' to a 'Coacting State', from a 'Parallel State' to a 'Coacting State', and from a 'Quiescent State' to a 'Parallel State'. These showed goodness of fit for sex and age differences, particularily for direction of effect.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to identify factors influencing a relapse among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Of 250 participants enrolled in the original study 75 were selected as there was no relapse for more than one year following the initial treatment and 54 were selected because there was a relapse. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test or F test to determine if there were any significant differences in the study variables relative to the status of relapse. Predictors were calculated by logistic regression. Results: Autonomy supported by healthcare providers was the significant predictor for relapse in patients with CAD. Patients with low autonomy supported by healthcare providers was 3.91 times more likely to relapse than patients with high autonomy supported. Patients with diabetes were at greater risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Secondary prevention of CAD is a major task for patients with CAD. Behavioral strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction are essential and autonomy supported by healthcare providers should be included in their strategies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 1986

Several aspects including physical development, reflex acquistion, neuromotor development and learning behavior at Y water maze were compared at the progeny of rats fed low 91.2mg/kg diet) or adequate leves(22mg/kg diet 0 of pyridoxine during growth, gestation, lactation, and adult period. Physical development and development of reflexes (righting reflex, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, and startle reflex to sound) appeared different between control and deficient groups but not significantly. At the 2nd week, rats spent more time in supported standing during 6 minute period was longer in the control then the deficient groups. In the Y-water maze position reversal test, learning ability as judged by the number of errors was not different among three groups, but the rats in supplemented group(DC) reached the escape platform in significantly shorter time than the other two groups, which may suggest their emotional instability. In the visual discrimination test, the performance of rats from the supplemented group had the lower errors than the other groups on the early test days. but as the testing period progressed, the performance of rats in the supplemented group became inferior to those of the control and deficient groups. The performance of control group became superior to that of the deficient group.