• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2022

All the aspects of human life have been affected by the novel coronavirus (Covid-19). It has rapidly spread in most countries including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As a result, early precautionary actions aiming to minimise the virus effect are taken by the Saudi government. One of these actions is the sudden shift to online classes and suspending the attendees to all educational institutes. Such immediate change can have a significant effect on the educational process, especially for students. One can argue that students' information-seeking behaviour within the current situation can affect their learning quality and outcomes. Therefore, this paper examines the Saudi students' information-seeking behaviour by taking a sample of students from Umm Al-Qura University. A descriptive analysis is conducted with 193 students and two approaches are used to collect data, questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The results showed that the majority of students face difficulties when searching and retrieving e-resources from the university library website. The problems range from mainly poor User Experience (UX), network connection, multiple errors and lack of subscription with academic publishers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.390-396
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• 1999

CJ-50005 is a hepatitis A vaccine which is prepared by formalin inactivation of the HM175 virus cultured in human diploid MRC-5 cells. The general pharmacological properties of CJ-50005 were evaluated in various animals and in vitor system. CJ-50005 at the doses of 0.025, 0.25 and 0.75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.m. had no effect on general behavior in mice, chemo- and electro-convulsions in mice, writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid in mice, the barbital sleeping time in mice, body temperature in rats, charcoal meal propulsion in mice and urine and electrolytes excretion in rats. In anesthetized dogs, CJ-50005(0.25 and 0.75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v) did not alter the respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, femoral blood flow and ECG. In in vitro experiment, CJ-50005 at the concentration up to 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml did not produce any changes in the contractions of the isolated ileum of guinea pigs caused by acetylcholine, histamine or $BaCl_2$. Since these pharmacological effects of CJ-50005 were observed at dose much greater than those in clinical use (approximately 0.025 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.m.), it is likely that this vaccine may be relatively free of undesirable effects in clinical practice.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.434-437
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• 2017

1986년에 최초의 악성코드인 브레인 바이러스가 발견된 이후 현재까지 다양한 종류의 악성코드가 만들어졌고 대표적으로 웜, 드로퍼, 트로젠, 백도어, 루트킷, 다운로더, 스파이웨어 등이 있다. 특히 최근에는 드라이버 형식의 악성코드가 나타남에 따라 악성코드 분석이 더욱 어려워졌다. 따라서 악성코드 분석가는 상당한 실력이 요구된다. 악성코드를 잘 분석하기 위해서는 동작 원리를 알아야 하고 이는 직접 개발을 해봐야 한다. 본 논문에서는 드로퍼, 백도어, 트로젠, 루트킷, 드라이버를 실전에 유포되는 악성코드와 유사하게 개발하고 가상 환경을 구축한 시스템에서 실행 동작을 보인다. 그리고 정적 분석과 동적 분석으로 악성코드를 빠르고 효과적으로 분석하기 위한 방법을 제안한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1333-1338
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• 2013

Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared through ionic cross-linking and gelation of chitosan (CS) by tripolyphosphate (TPP). CS properties such as molecular weight, and preparation conditions were screened and the resulting nanoparticles were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained particles were consistently spherical with an overall diameter of approximately $107{\pm}20$ nm. They were successfully used as a carrier for Zidovudine, an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which, to our knowledge, is novel. The encapsulation ability, loading capacity, and controlled release behavior for these CSNP was evaluated. Results indicated that their intrinsic properties were strongly affected by properties inherent to CS such as molecular weight, and by the preparation condition, such as cross-linking density, which depends on the concentration of the cross-linker. In vitro release tests for the entrapped zidovudine showed that the CNNP provided a continuous release that can last upwards 20 h.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2002

This research was conducted to understand and analyze the health-related behaviors of middle school students and get fundamental research data essential to provide efficient student guidance and public health service at school. The interview using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System(YRBSS). Translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS. The Korean version of YRBS(Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) that translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)was used to assessment to health-related behaviors of youth. The interviewees were 1040 enrolled students at middle school in Daegu metropolitan city. YRBSS monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)(including human immunodeficiency virus infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical activity. The result shows that over 30% of students rarely or never used safety belt and almost students were rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 21.9% female students had felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for $\geq$ 2weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usually activities 20.5% of male middle school students have ever tried cigarette smoking. 26.2% of male students and 27.2% do female students had had over one drinks of alcohol during their lifetime(lifetime alcohol use). 47% of male students had had over one drinks of alcohol on $\geq$ 1 of the 30 days preceding the survey(current alcohol use). Over one half of female student were thought they were overweight. These results suggest that some risk behaviors be very prevalent in a korean middle school students and priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among youth and adult, often are establish during middle school age, extend into adulthood, are interrelated. Among both children and adults, the leading causes of death are closely linked to these behaviors. Among adults, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes are the national leading killers. Practicing healthy behaviors, such as eating low-fat, high-fruit-and-vegetable diets, getting regular physical activity, and refraining from tobacco use, would prevent many premature deaths. Because health-related behaviors are usually established in childhood, positive choices need to be promoted before damaging behaviors are initiated or become ingrained.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4491-4501
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• 2016

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC) need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of the 'First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral Cavity' held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia'. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the 'blunt' or 'sharp' variants; and the 'mass' or 'plaque' variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia' as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2017

2015년 겨울, 우리나라 남해안 소재 육상 양식장에서 사육 중이던 능성어의 약 30%가 폐사하였다. 수온 $9{\sim}12^{\circ}C$의 겨울철에 발생한 능성어 폐사는 신경괴사성바이러스 (NNV) 감염에 의한 바이러스성뇌망망증 (VER)으로 밝혀졌다. 시험어는 비정상적인 유영, 배를 위로한 채 수면을 떠 다니는 현상, 체색흑화, 안구백탁 및 부레의 과도한 팽창 소견을 보였다. 원인 바이러스는 일반적으로 고수온기 능성어에 감염되는 RGNNV genotype이 아닌, 냉수성 어류에서 분리되는 BFNNV genotype으로 밝혀졌으며, NNV 가장 근연관계가 높은 Pacific cod betanodavirus (PCNNV)와 99.7~100% 상동성을 보였다. 병리조직학적 관찰 결과, 바이러스성뇌망망증 (VER)의 특징적인 병변인 뇌조직의 공포화 및 괴사를 수반하였다. 이 연구는 수온 $12^{\circ}C$ 이하의 겨울철에 능성어에 감염된 BFNNV genotype에 대한 첫 보고이다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

최근 DDoS공격용 좀비, 기업정보 및 개인정보 절취 등 각종 사이버 테러 및 금전적 이윤 획득의 목적으로 웹사이트를 해킹, 악성코드를 은닉함으로써 웹사이트 접속PC를 악성코드에 감염시키는 공격이 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 은닉기술 및 회피기술 또한 지능화 전문화되고 있는 실정이다. 악성코드가 은닉된 웹사이트를 탐지하기 위한 현존기술은 BlackList 기반 패턴매칭 방식으로 공격자가 악성코드의 문자열 변경 또는 악성코드를 변경할 경우 탐지가 불가능하여 많은 접속자가 악성코드 감염에 노출될 수 밖에 없는 한계점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 기존 패턴매칭 방식의 한계점을 극복하기 위한 방안으로 WhiteList 기반의 악성코드 프로세스 행위분석 탐지기술을 제시하였다. 제안방식의 실험 결과 현존기술인 악성코드 스트링을 비교하는 패턴매칭의 MC-Finder는 0.8%, 패턴매칭과 행위분석을 동시에 적용하고 있는 구글은 4.9%, McAfee는 1.5%임에 비해 WhiteList 기반의 악성코드 프로세스 행위분석 기술은 10.8%의 탐지율을 보였으며, 이로써 제안방식이 악성코드 설치를 위해 악용되는 웹 사이트 탐지에 더욱 효과적이라는 것을 증명할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

Purpose: There has been no definite consensus on standard treatment, either local or systemic, for the Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Radiotherapy (RT) can be a good local therapeutic choice especially in non-AIDS associated KS (NAKS) for its indolent behavior. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 17 KS patients treated with RT at the Seoul National University Hospital from February 1998 to January 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. One human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patient with 3 lesions was excluded. The total number of the lesion was 23 among the 16 patients. The median follow-up period was 27.9 months. Correlation between response and variables was analyzed using the logistic regression model. Median age of the patients was 75 years. All the 23 lesions were located at the extremities. Fourteen (61%) of those had pain or local swelling as the initial presentation. Ten patients had possible causes of immunodeficiency and were regarded as iatrogenic, and other 6 were classic KS. Median dose of RT was 36 Gy. Results: No KS-related death was observed. Excluding 2 with short-term follow-up only, complete response and partial response were obtained in 2 (9%) and 19 (73%) lesions, respectively. Of those, 3 lesions underwent local progression. Six had out-of-field recurrence after RT. Symptom improvement was achieved in 13 (93%) of 14 patients. Grade 2 skin toxicities were found in 9 lesions but all got improvement after treatment. When divided into responsive and progressive group, free from progression was not related to any of the possible variables. Conclusion: RT is effective in local control of NAKS resulting great response rate.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2011

Recently, pluripotency induction or cellular reprogramming by introducing critical transcription factors has been extensively studied, but has been demonstrated only in vitro. Based on reports that Oct4 is critically involved in transforming neural stem cells into pluripotent cells, we used the lentiviral vector to introduce the Oct4 gene into the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice. We examined whether this manipulation led to cellular or behavioral changes, possibly through processes involving the transformation of NS cells into pluripotent cells. The Oct4 lentivirus-infused group and the green fluorescent protein lentivirus-infused group showed a similar thickness of the DG and a comparable level of synaptophysin expression in the DG. Furthermore, our behavioral analyses did not show any differences between the groups concerning exploratory activity, anxiety, or memory abilities. This first trial for pluripotency induction in vivo, despite negative results, provides implications and information for future studies on in vivo cellular reprogramming.