• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.77-93
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• 2009

The load distribution and deformation of rock socketed drilled shafts subjected to axial loads were evaluated by a load transfer approach. The emphasis was laid on quantifying the end bearing load transfer characteristics of rock socketed drilled shafts based on 3D Finite Difference (FD) analysis performed under varying rock strength and rock mass conditions. From the results of FD analysis, it was found that the ultimate unit toe resistance ($q_{max}$) was influenced by both rock strength and rock mass conditions, while the initial tangent of end bearing load transfer curve ($G_{ini}$) was only dependent on rock strength. End bearing load transfer function of drilled shafts socketed in rock was proposed based on the FD analysis and the field loading tests which were performed on weathered rock in South Korea. Through the comparison with the results of the field loading tests, it is found that the load transfer curve by the present study is in good agreement with the general trend observed by field loading tests, and thus represents a significant improvement in the prediction of load transfer behavior of drilled shaft.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.447-454
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• 2003

In this test, two separated oil jacks were placed at bottom of drilled shaft(D = 1,500mm, L = 33m), and maximum upward and downward load of 1,250 tonf was applied. Also, the deformable rod sensors were placed on each level, and axial strains at each level were measured. Because the side skin friction and the end bearing could be measured separately in the Osterberg type pile load test, this test might be more economical and more applicable than a conventional static pile load test. Thus, if this Osterberg type pile load test could be established during design stage, construction cost might be reduced and its application for large diameter pile could be enhance greatly.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

A Steel column with damaged spray-applied fire resistive material (SFRM) may exhibit reduced structural performance due to the effects of elevated temperature during fire events. Thus, the fire load behavior of steel columns with removed or reduced SFRM needs to be examined to predict the structural damage by fire. FEM analyses were performed for the flange thinning removal models in which the SFRM was reduced as a constant strip in thickness at the top flange of the column. The temperature results for all models obtained from the heat transfer analyses were included as an initial condition in the FEM structural analyses. In this study, the results of analysis show that even small remnants of SFRM led to an effective reduction of temperature at any given fire duration, and improved significantly the axial load capacity of a column as compared to the complete removal cases of SFRM.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.359-370
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• 2020

Prestressed ground anchors are important structural elements in geotechnical engineering. Despite their widespread usage, the design process is often significantly simplified. One of the major drawbacks of commonly used design methods is the assumption that skin friction is mobilized uniformly along an anchor's fixed length, one consequence of which is that a progressive failure phenomenon is neglected. The following paper introduces an alternative design approach - a computer algorithm employing the load-transfer method. The method is modified for the analysis of anchors and combined with a procedure for the derivation of load-transfer functions based on commonly available laboratory tests. The load-transfer function is divided into a pre-failure (hardening) and a post-failure (softening) segment. In this way, an aspect of non-linear stress-strain soil behavior is incorporated into the algorithm. The influence of post-grouting in terms of radial stress update, diameter enlargement, and grout consolidation is included. The axial stiffness of the anchor body is not held constant. Instead, it gradually decreases as a direct consequence of tensile cracks spreading in the grout material. An analysis of the program's operation is performed via a series of parametric studies in which the influence of governing parameters is investigated. Finally, two case studies concerning three investigation anchor load tests are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.43-58
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• 2018

In this study, the load-transfer behavior along the shaft of the prebored and precast piles was investigated by pile loading tests. Special attention was given to quantifying the skin frictions developed between the pile-soil interfaces of the 14 instrumented test piles. Based on this detailed field tests, the load - settlement curves and axial load distributions of piles were obtained and the load-transfer curves (t-z curves) for the test piles were proposed. As such, it is found that the test results show two different load transfer behaviors; ductile and brittle behavior curves. The corresponding t-z curves are proposed based on the hyperbolic- and sawtooth-shape, respectively. By validating the accuracy of the proposed curves, it is also found that the prediction results based on the proposed load-transfer curve are in good agreement with the general trends observed by the field loading tests.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 2005

Since the allowable bearing capacities of piles in weathered/fractured rock are mainly governed by settlement, the load-displacement behavior of pile should be known accurately. To predict pile head settlement at the design stage, the exact understanding of the load-transfer mechanisms is essential. Therefore, in this research, the load-transfer mechanism of drilled shaft socketed into weathered rock was investigated. For the investigation, five cast-in-place concrete piles with diameters of 1,000 mm were socketed into weathered gneiss. The static axial load tests and the load-transfer measurements were performed to examine the axial resistant behavior of the piles. A comprehensive field/laboratory testing program on weathered rock at the Held test sites was also performed to describe the in situ rock mass conditions quantitatively. And then, the effect of rock mass condition on the load transfer mechanism was investigated. The f-w (side shear resistance-displacement) curve of the pile in moderately weathered rock reached to yielding point at a for millimeter displacements, and after yielding point, the rate of resistance increment dramatically decreased. However, the f-w curve in the highly/completely weathered rock did not show the obvious yielding point, and the resistance gradually increased showing the hyperbolic pattern until relatively high displacement (>15 mm). The q-w (end bearing resistance-displacement) curves showed linear response at least until the base displacement of approximately 10 mm, regardless of rock mass conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.5-12
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• 2005

In early days, to analyze the behavior of single pile under axial load, many assumptions were made and field tests were performed. But in recent days, the development of computers led the use of the numerical analysis resulting in more realistic and correct results. The numerical methods are classified into Load Transfer Method and Elastic Solid Approach. In this study a numerical program applying t-z model to Load Transfer Method suggested by Coyle & Reese was developed. And another finite difference program using matrix based on this load transfer was developed. As a result, it is found that the values of the F.D.M. were similar to the values measured in-situ.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.94-104
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the performance of axially of laterally loaded piles experimentaly, pile load tests can be carried out at the site Otherwise stress analyses or subgrade reaction analyses can solve the problem. In this study, stress analysis using FLAC code and subgrade reaction analyses using load transfer curves recommended by API(1993) were performed consistently on the basis of a result of site investigations, and the result of analyses was compared with the measured. As a result the behavior of pile heads was analyzed accurately for both axially and laterally loaded tests. Furthermore axially transferred loads were calculated appropriately for the measured and axial loads were transferred mainly mainly by the frictional resistance rather than by the tip resistance. Consequently, it can be commented that both analysis methods of soil-pile systems are applicable at teh objective site and that solutions may be more accurate if material properties from the site investigation are more explicit.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

A composite member made of concrete-filled steel tubes (CFT columns) has been recognized for its fire resistance due to the thermal mass effect of concrete inside the steel tube, as shown in various studies. In this study, the fire resistance performance of reinforced CFT columns under constant axial load was evaluated using finite element analysis with ABAQUS. For this purpose, the variables including cross-section size, steel tube thickness, and concrete cover thickness were set, and the temperature distribution in the column cross-section exposed to a standard fire was investigated using heat transfer analysis. Ultimately, a P-M interaction curve was obtained by evaluating the overall residual strength of columns, and the fire resistance time was determined by evaluating axial displacement-time responses due to the reduction in load capacity during fire through stress analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.575-582
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• 2005

Static pile load tests for three instrumented driven steel pipe pies were performed. Based on the distributions of pile axial loads along the pile depth, Characteristics of unit skin friction were analyzed.