• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

This study examined pathways from maternal parenting behavior to adolescents' internet addiction through both self-control and depression/anxiety. Participants were 449 $8^{th}$ and $9^{th}$ graders in Seoul. They completed questionnaires on maternal parenting behavior, adolescents' self-control, depression/anxiety, and internet addiction. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Maternal parenting behavior indirectly influenced adolescents' internet addiction through self-control and depression/anxiety. Self-control and depression/anxiety individually mediated between maternal parenting behavior and internet addition. However, maternal parenting behavior didn't directly affect adolescents' internet addiction. Self-control was influenced by maternal parenting behavior and also played a crucial role in preventing adolescents' internet addiction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between parents' control, affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, prosocial behavior, and cognitive problem-solving ability. The subjects for this study comprised 221 preschoolers (104 boys, 117 girls) and their parents. The major results of this study were as follows. First, parents' effortful control revealed direct effects upon preschooler's effortful control, and affectionate parenting behavior mediated the effects of parents' effortful control upon preschooler's effortful control. Second, preschooler's effortful control mediated the effects of affectionate parenting behavior upon preschooler's prosocial behavior. Third, preschooler's effortful control had direct effects upon prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior mediated the effects of preschooler's effortful control upon cognitive problem-solving ability. In conclusion, parents' effortful control and affectionate parenting behavior impacted upon preschooler's effortful control. And preschooler's effortful control had an important role upon prosocial behavior and cognitive problem-solving ability.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 2013

This study explored the relationships between parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and social adjustment. The subjects were 351 preschoolers(174 boys, 177 girls) and their parents. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant relationships among the factors analyzed in this research, namely, affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and social adjustment. Second, preschooler's effortful control mediated the effects of affectionate parenting behavior upon preschooler's social adjustment. In conclusion, this study revealed that parents' affectionate parenting behavior and a preschooler's effortful control make a significant impact on the level of the preschooler's social adjustment. Based on th findings of this investigation, the implications of the preschooler's effortful control were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between parents' affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and conscience. In this study, the subjects consisted of 335 preschoolers ($M_{month}=65.86$) and their parents. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between parents' affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and conscience. Second, preschooler's effortful control mediated the effects of affectionate parenting behavior upon preschooler's conscience. Third, preschooler's effortful control(Time 1) had effects upon conscience(Time 2). In conclusion, this study revealed that parents' affectionate parenting behavior and preschooler's effortful control can have a significant impact on the level of preschooler's conscience.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.207-228
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate what antecedents and how much these antecedents have an effect on mother's parenting behaviors. The subjects of this study are 251 mothers who have child 3 to 6 year old in Daegu and Kyugbook province. The data are analysed through frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's α, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows：First, child's sex, temperament, and behavior problem, mother's parenting self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction and satisfaction of social support affect maternal affectionate parenting behavior. Second, child's temperament, mother's personality and parenting self-efficacy, and satisfaction of social support affect maternal control parenting behavior Third, mother's variables, especially parenting self-efficacy, have great effect on maternal affectionate parenting behavior than any other variables have. Forth, mother's variables, especially personality and efficacy of parenting, have great effect on maternal control parenting behavior than any other variables have.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the relations among parent-reported, teacher-reported, and task-observed effortful control, and 2) the differences of preschoolers' effortful control based on preschoolers' gender and parenting behaviors (affectionate, controlled). In this study, the subjects were 221 preschoolers (104 boys, 117 girls) and their parents. The preschoolers' effortful controls was measured by Effortful Control Battery (Snack Delay, Turtle and Rabbit, and Red-Green Sign) and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form. Parenting behavior was measured by the Parenting Style scale. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between parent-reported effortful control and both teacher-reported and task-observed effortful control. Second, there were significant differences in preschoolers' effortful control by gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior. And there was an interaction effect between gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior on preschoolers' effortful control. The implications of this study were as follows. It is needed to evaluate effortful control in various circumstances and by multiple raters, and affectionate parenting behavior had an important role upon boys' effortful control rather than that of girls.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of parents' childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior in developing early childhood self-regulation, a developmental skill. Methods: This research was conducted with 171 preschoolers, 171 parent couples, and 22 teachers of 5-year-old classes in kindergartens and children's houses in Seoul. Results: First, there was significant correlation among parental childhood attachment representations, parenting behavior, and child self-regulation. Second, parental attachment representations and parenting behavior were shown to affect self-monitoring, a subvariable of self-regulation, and were influenced by maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior, maternal attachment representation, and parental attachment representation. As factors affecting self-control, a subvariable of self-regulation, they were influenced by maternal attachment representation, and maternal and paternal affectionate parenting behavior. Lastly, as factors affecting self-control, they were influenced by attachment representation to parents of origin, maternal affectionate parenting behavior, and maternal independence-oriented parenting behavior. Conclusion: This research revealed that parental childhood attachment representations and parenting behavior are important variables affecting the development of self-regulation in preschoolers. This finding can be used as basic data for parent education content to help preschoolers grow healthier and happier and as basic data for a program to improve parent-child attachment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.659-670
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Active Parenting Today (APT) program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory on parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 39 mothers of school-age children (19 in the experiment group and 20 in the control group) who were registered at two community children centers in G city. The experimental group received the APT program (2 hours/session/week) and telephone counseling (2 times/week) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher exact probability test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/Win15.0 program. Results: Parenting stress was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Positive parenting behavior and parenting satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, negative parenting behavior was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the APT program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory is useful in reducing parenting stress, creating positive parenting behavior change, and promoting parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal relationship of children's behavior problem and the related variables(socio-economic status mother's psychological problem mother's affective parenting behavior children's negative emotionality and children's self-control). The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Socio-economic status had indirect in influence to children's behavior problem via mother's psychological problem and mother's affective parenting behavior. 2) Mother's psychological problem had direct influence and also indirect influence to hildren's behavior problem via mother's affective parenting behavior and children's negative emotionality. 3) Mother's affective parenting behavior and children's negative emotionality had a direct effect on children's behavior problem and affected indirectly via children's self-control. 4) Children's self-control had direct influence to children's behavior problem. 5) Mother's psychological problem was the most signi icant variable affecting children's behavior problem.