• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 1994

New problems have been recently posed on the abnormal foaming (Scum) in an aeration tank and the sludge flotation in a final sedimentation tank during the activated sludge process. However, the activities of the causing bacteria, Nocardia-amarae in an aeration tank have not been searched out at all. Therefore, in this article the activities of Nocardia-amarae in an aeration tank have been closely examined by means of the changes of (F/M) ratio, SRT and inflowing substrate using continuous type and fed-batch type. Summarized results of experiments are as follows. 1. Regrading continuous culture when synthetic wastewater was used substrate neither the increase in the number of Nocardia-amarae in the aeration tank nor the Occurrence of Scum was observed. 2. In the case of fed-batch culture, Nocardia-amarae in the aeration tank increased due to the partial change in substrate and the effect of SRT was significant. 3. Once the scum was formed and the quantity of added Nocardia-amarae and substrate were not changed, the effect of STR was not significant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.449-451
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• 2008

Ceramide has become a widely used ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, however, only a few yeast strains were investigated for the synthesis of ceramide and the concentration was very low. Ceramide is not only a core intermediate of sphingolipids but also an important modulator of many cellular events including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, differentiation, and stress responses. In this study S.cerevisiae was grown in a batch culture and the cellular content of ceramide was measured at different growth phases. The ceramide content was highest at stationary phase and 2.01 mg ceramide/g cell was obtained.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.305-309
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• 2014

We investigated a novel process for production of ethanol from glycerol using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. After optimization of the fermentation medium, repeated-batch flask culture was performed over a period of 378 hr using yeast cells immobilized on Celite. Our results indicated that the use of Celite for immobilization of P. tannophilus was a practical approach for ethanol production from glycerol, and should be suitable for industrial ethanol production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.575-580
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• 1998

Cellulase production by batch culture using the Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 strain with various concentrations of Solka Floc with 1 % wheat bran was studied in a 2.5 I fermenter. The cellulase activity increased with Solka Floc concentration up to 5%. When 5% Solka Floc and 1% wheat bran were contained in the medium, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and filter paper (FP) activities were 232.4 U/$m\ell$ and 21.25 U/$m\ell$, respectively. The productivity was 143.6 FPU $1^{-l}h^{-1}$ and the yield was 425 FPU/g. The colonial morphology of T. reesei Rut C30 grown on Avicel agar plates and the changes in mycelial morphology of T. reesei Rut C30 with culture time are also presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.641-646
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• 2003

An accurate and efficient method for measuring the mass of hairy roots using conductometry is established. A conductivity equation expressed in terms of the concentration of the ion species in the medium is suggested. By using this equation, the effect of the individual ions on the total conductivity can be quantitatively analyzed. An equation for the in situ estimation of the cell growth coefficient for determining the mass of hairy roots is established based on measurements of the nitrogen concentration and conductivity during cultivation. The proposed equation does not require preliminary experiments to determine the cell growth coefficient. Instead, the physiological characteristics of the plant species are reflected by introducing the cellular nitrogen content. Since the cell growth coefficient is determined by measuring the major ionic nutrient concentrations, it is more effective to express the dynamics of an actual culture system. This improved method for determining the mass of hairy roots was successfully utilized in a fed-batch culture system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.454-457
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• 2003

A new approach for groundwater treatment combines a permeable Fe(0) barrier to breakdown higher chlorinated solvents like PCE and TCE with a downgradient aerobic biological treatment system to biotransform less chlorinated solvents, such as DCE and vinyl chloride (VC). The expected bacterial performance downgradient of an Fe(0) barrier was evaluated through laboratory batch experiments with a toluene-degrading mixed culture that cometabolically transforms cis-1,2-DCE and VC. The amount of cis-1,2-DCE (initially at 2,000 ppb) and VC (initially at 2,000 ppb) transformed was controlled by the initial toluene (20,000 ppb) concentration. VC was removed much more effectively than Cis-1,2-DCE, and a higher toluene concentration in comparison to the co-substrate concentrations was needed for complete co-substrate removal. Overall, the coupling of an Fe(0) barrier and subsequent biodegradation appears feasible for remediation of complex mixtures of chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2007

According to the controllability of pulse times and the amount of jumps in the states at these times in the process of fed-batch culture producing 1,3-propanediol, this paper proposes a terminal optimal control model, whose constraint condition is the nonlinear impulsive delay system. The existence of optimal control is discussed and an optimization algorithm which is applied to each subinternal over one cycle for this optimal control problem is constructed. Finally, the numerical simulations show that the terminal intensity of producing 1,3-propanediol has been increased obviously.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1991

The optimal glucose concentration for the high-density culture of recombinant yeasts was obtained using dynamic simulation. An adaptive and predictive algoritilm complimented by the rule base was proposed for the control of the fed-batch fermentation process. The measurement of process variables has relatively long sampling period and relatively long time delay characteristics. As one of the solution on these problems, prediction techniques and rule bases were added to a classical recursive identification and control algorithm. Rule bases were used in the determination of control input considering the difference between the predicted value and the measured value. A mathelnatical model was used in the estimation and interpretation of the changes of state variables and parameters. Better performances were obtained by employing the control algorithm proposed in the present study compared to the conventional adaptive control method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.451-456
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• 2004

The effects of variation in composition of the medium on the conversion of Gluconacetobacter hanseii PJK cells producing cellulose ($Cel^+$) to non-cellulose producing ($Cel^-$) mutants and the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) in an agitated culture were investigated. The impeller speed greater than 500 rpm was required to decrease the population of $Cel^-$ mutants to minimum in a basal medium containing $1.5\%$ ethanol because the optimum impeller speed to minimize the population of $Cel^-$ mutants increased with the concentration of ethanol added to a basal medium. Ethanol fed-batch culture could not increase the BC production in an agitated culture unlike that of a shaking culture. The amount of BC produced in a basal medium containing $1\%$ ethanol was $39\%$ more than that of the same medium with $0.27\%\;Na_{2}HPO_4$. Increase in the concentration of acetic acid in a basal medium decreased the BC production. The pH control of the culture broth increased the cell mass in the batch culture and improved the production yield of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSPS), but did not affect the production of BC.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 1993

A novel control method with automatic tuning of PID controller parameters has been developed for efficient regulation of dissolved oxygen concentration in fed-batch fermentations of Escherichia coli. Agitation speed and oxygen partial pressure in the inlet gas stream were chosen to be the manipulated variables. A heuristic reasoning allowed improved tuning decisions from the supervision of control performance indices and it coule obviate the needs for process assumptions or disturbance patterns. The control input consisted of feedback and feedforword parts. The feedback part was determined by PID control and the feedforward part is determined from the feed rate. The proportional gain was updated on-line by a set of heuristics rules based on the supervision of three performance indices. These indices were output error covariance, the average value of output error, and input covariance, which were calculated on-line using a moving window. The integral and derivative time constants were determined from the period of output response. The specific growth rate was maintained at a low level to avoid acetic acid accumulation and thus to achieve a high cell density. The specific growthe rate was estimated from the carbon dioxide evolution rate. In fed-batch fermentation, the simutaneous control of dissolved oxygen concentration (at 0.2; fraction of saturated value) and specific growth rate (at 0.25$hr^{-1}$) was satisfactory for the entire culture period in spite of the changes in the feed rate and the switching of control input.