• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.501-509
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure meaning in life of elderly and to delineate basic data for developing nursing strategies for improving the meaning in life of elderly. Method: Subjects were 240 elderly above 65 years old staying in Busan and Kyungnam Province. The data was collected from May to Jun 2004. The instrument was utilizing Elderly Meaning In Life(EMIL) scale developed by Choi et al.(2003). Results: The mean for elderly was 100.4, the range was from 37 to 148. 63.3% of subjects were in existential vacuum. The mean of 1 phase 'acceptance and awareness of self and life' was 36.9, 2 phase 'creative value realization' was 17.8, 3 phase 'experiential value realization' was 2.8, 4 phase 'contentedness of past and present' was 43.7. There were significant differences according to the gender, religion, educational level, spouse, spending money, living arrangement and disease. Conclusion: On the viewpoint of above results, 63.3% of subjects were in level of existential vacuum, which required logotherapy. Therefore it shows that developing nursing-logotherapy to improve the meaning in life for elderly is demanded.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was presented basic data for management of living kidney donor to make bioethical decision. The research subjects were the documents and progress notes of Doctor's and Nurses in medical records related to kidney donation and nephrectomy of 20 kidney donors who received nephretomy at 4 general hospitals in Pusan. The result of this study, a desirable documents to help the living kidney donor might include following : 1st, identification of the donor and the guardian. 2nd, confirmation of the intension of kidney donor which is based on humanity or not and 3rd, a written oath about Nephrectomy. Especially it is more desirable to participate of paramedical personnels such as the religious, the social workers, the counsellors, and etc when assess the motivation of kidney donor and to use of a formulated visual educational materials about renal angiography and nephrectomy which required written consent of kidney donor. Further more, the donor should be educated sufficiently about the kidney itself and procedure for nephrectomy-the anatomical position of kidney, the function of the kidney, the operative maneaver, pre and post operative complication, the prevention of the complication, the possiblity of rejection phenomenon and loss of the transplanted kidney etc. In conclusion, medical team members for kidney transplantation must suggest not only physical problem but also psychological problem And the educated donor ought to have enough time before a making decision and all these process should be recorded in medical records

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2010

Purpose: This paper is a basic study done to establish a theory of health according to Korean culture. The focus is on identifying perceived concepts of health in older Korean women. Method: The Q-method, which is effective in measuring individual subjectivity, was used in this study. Results: Perception of the concept of health was found to have 4 independent types, as follows. 1. Type I : natural & couple-oriented type. Women with this type not only have a naturalistic view of health but also put weight on being couple-centered. 2. Type II: oriental & children-oriented type. These women have traditional oriental views of the world, and are strongly dependent on their children. 3. Type III: western & altruistic type. These women do not agree with oriental concepts of health. They are positive altruists, pursuing the meaning of life. 4. Type IV: modern & self-oriented type. Women with this type not only interpret the concepts of health within western medicine, but also positively accept oriental views of the world. Conclusions: Health concepts of older Korean women are complicated, not only with western-medical concepts of health, but also more strongly complicated with concepts from oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.128-140
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• 1996

This study is to understand and to explain how nursing students experience in the clinical nursing practice using grounded theory approach. Ten nursing students were participated in the study. Seven of them were junior students at the junior college of nursing, and the rest were the senior students at the university. The data were collected by in-depth individual interviews by investigators during May and June in 1995. The results of the study were as follows ; Twenty-eight concepts and 9 categories were emerged by the constant comparative analysis. The 9 categories include 'the need of role model', 'non-educational practical setting', 'knowledge deficit', 'emotional changes', 'the attitudes of clinical practice', 'fatigue', 'skepticism', 'pride', and 'the product of clinical practice'. The core category which encompasses all 9 categories was emerged as 'the process of formulating the nursing view'. Five hypotheses were derived from the analysis. 1) The desirable role model would enhance to pride of nursing in students. 2) Non-educational practical setting would increase skepticism of nursing in students. 3) Knowledge deficit would negatively affect on experience of clinical practice. 4) The pride of clinical practice would formulate a positive nursing view. 5) The skepticism of clinical practice would formulate a negative nursing view. The results of this study are to use as basic data for students attending clinical experience.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Purpose: To identify risk factors for surgical site infections in patients undergoing general surgery, to analyze the prolonged hospital stay and extra cost for antibiotics, and to provide basic data for control of surgical site infections. Method: Surgical site infection was defined using the definition of the CDC and the data were analyzed by $x^2$-test and unpaired t-test. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections was 9.7%, and it was related to wound class, duration of operation, number of operations, whether the operation was an emergency, trauma, drains, preoperative stays, presence of remote infection during operative period, and previous history of recent surgery. The mean duration for post-operative stay when a surgical site infection occurred was 9.5 days and in 56.9 % of the patients the surgical site infection appeared 7 days after the operation. Post-operative stays for infected patients were 20.3 days longer than that of uninfected patients. The mean cost of antibiotics for infected patients was higher than that for uninfected patients by 561,067 won per person. Conclusion: Surgical site infection results in an increased length of stay and extra-cost, thus, hospitals need to create strategies to reduce nosocomial infections through effective infection surveillance and by considering factors related to surgical site infections.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to determine the rate for handwashing by intensive care unit nurses according to the content of nursing tasks, to investigate the relationship between hand washing practice evaluated by nurses themselves and their actual practice observed, and finality to provide basic materials for strategy for hand washing education. Method: Data were collected by observing 27 nurses working in intensive care units of a hospital in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do and by using observation and a structured self-assessment tool. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS and SAS. Results: The handwashing rate for the nurses was 4.3%. The handwashing rate was high in proportion to the risk of cross infection. In addition, the handwashing rate was highest in nurses working in the neurosurgery intensive care unit. The average score for self-assessment of handwashing was $49.42{\pm}3.78$ points and it was higher than their actual practice of handwashing. Conclusion: In order to improve handwashing by nurses, it is necessary to educate them on the importance of handwashing. In addition, there should be strategies for standardizing knowledge and attitudes to handwashing and inducing nurse:3 to practice hand washing in compliance with the policies and working conditions of the institution.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the Domains, Classes, labels and nursing activities of nursing interventions used with 117 patients who were admitted to orthopedic nursing units. Method: Data were collected in January and February, 2004 using a computerized nursing process program that contained nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NNN) linkages. The program was developed by the researcher. Frequencies and percentages were used in the analysis. Results: Sixty-five nursing intervention labels were identified. The Domains of the nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'physiological: basic' (75.9%), 'physiological: complex' (12.9%), 'behavioral'(7.8%) 'family'(1.3%), and 'safety'(1.1%). The Classes of nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'activity and exercise management'(30.8%), 'physical comfort promotion'(19.3%), 'immobility management'(14.5%), 'drug management'(8.1%), and 'coping assistance'(5.6%). Nursing intervention labels showed higher percentages for 'pain management'(14.7%), 'body mechanics promotion'(8.0%), 'exercise therapy : ambulation'(7.2%), 'splinting'(5.4%), and 'positioning'(5.1%). In the comparison of numbers between performed nursing activities and nursing activities of NIC according to nursing intervention label, the mean of combined rate was 52.3%. Conclusion: These findings will help in building of a standardized language for orthopedic nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nurses' knowledge of pain and provide basic data for development of pain management education programs. Method: The participants in the study were 764 nurses working at seven medical centers in Youngnam area. The instrument used in this study consisted of 22 items on pain knowledge. The data were collected between March 1 and June 30, 2002 using a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test with the SPSS program. Result: 1) The average score for pain knowledge was 13.63 (total possible score, 22). 2) The highest item with correct response rate for knowledge of fain was identifying 'Tylenol as opioid or non-opioid.' and the lowest was for 'When opioids are used for pain relief for 3-6 months, what percent of patients are likely to develop opioid addiction?' 3) Nurses' knowledge of pain was significantly different according to age (F=7.040, p=.000), education (F=3.385, p=.034) and work career (F=6.101, p=.000). Conclusion: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive pain management education program and continuously provide the medical team with new knowledge about pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.326-334
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with fractures in elderly people in order to provide basic data for fracture preventive programs for the elderly people. Method: The participants were 84 patients over age of 65, who were admitted to the orthopedic department in a hospital in Chungnam province. Data were collected from Sep. 1, 2002 to Aug, 30, 2003 through personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSSPC program. Result: Physical characteristics before the fracture included weakness or paralysis in the extremities (29.8%), need of assistance or appliances (13.1%), difficulty on balance (28.6%), visual disturbances (26.2%), hearing impairment (17.9%), speech disturbances (2.4%), urinary dysfunction (21.4%), and sleep disturbances (54.8%). The fractures occurred most frequently in winter (32.1%), between 1 pm and 6 pm (48.8%), on weekends (41.6%), in the road (58.3%) while wearing snickers (27.4%) or shoes (27.4%). The region of fractures occurred most frequently was lower extremities (57.1%), and the causes of fractures were loss of balance (31.0%) and car accident (25.0 %). A significance difference was found for type of accident, footwear at the time of the accident, place of the accident according to gender and age. Also a significance difference was found for type of accident and place of accident according to season(p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, these results should be considered when a fracture preventive program for elderly people is designed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.478-486
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• 2010

Purpose: To explore nurses' compliance with standards for critical care nursing practice in intensive care units (ICUs) and to provide basic data for high quality of critical care nursing. Method: A total of 616 participants from 61 ICUs which are graded from 1 to 7 throughout the nation were surveyed. Data were collected from February 9 to February 27, 2009 using a questionnaire consisting of 58 questions including 50 nursing activities as indicators. Results: The rate of ICU nurses' compliance with standards for critical care nursing practice was high. As for individual standards, compliance with the standard of assessment was the highest, followed by implementation, diagnosis, and planning in that order. There were differences in compliance according to nurses' ICU experience, work place (unit), and ICU grade. A shortage of manpower was considered as a main cause for noncompliance. Conclusion: The present compliance rate with standards for critical care nursing practice by ICU nurses was identified. Therefore, compliance rate can be used to promote quality of critical care nursing and development of educational programs for ICU nurses.