• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1999

Chemical control of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae was attempted by spraying of streptomycin sulfate ·oxytetracycline WP streptomycin WP streptomycin ·copper hydroxide WP kasugamycin SL kasugamycin·copper oxychloride WP and copper hydroxide WP. The control efficacies of the bactericides were variable depending upon the spraying schedule,. Application of streptomycin WP and streptomycin sulfate·oxytetracycline WP from middle April to early May was found to be the most effective in controlling the bacterial canker. For copper hydroxide WP the spraying from middle January to early February showed the highest control efficacy. Kasugamycin SL was the most effective in controlling the disease by spraying from middle April to early May but it was still relatibvely effective during other spray periods. Foliar application of copper hydroxide WP and copper-antibiotic formulaions after middle April caused severe phytotoxicity. Kasgamycil SL streptomycin WP streptomycin·copper hydroxide WP and copper hydroxide WP were potential bactericides which could substitute streptomycin sulfate·oxytetracycline WP. Selective applications of the bactericides according to their optimum spray time can enhance the control efficacies against bacterial canker of kiwifruit and retard the emergency of resistant strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae to the bactericides. The optimum spray number of streptomycin sulfate·oxytetracycline WP was 3 times with 15-day-intervals or 4 times with 10-day-intervals. The result suggested that the potential bactericides to bacterial canker of kiwifruit should be also used according to their optimum spray schedules in order to get their highest control efficacies.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2010

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines에 의해 발병되는 콩 불마름병은 콩에 가장 많이 발생하는 중요한 세균성 병해 중 하나이다. 게다가 병원균은 강한 병원성을 가지고 한국 전역에 분포하고 있지만, 한국에서는 불마름병방제를 위한 약제나 저항성 품종이 개발되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 불마름병을 화학적 방법으로 방제할 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 콩 불마름병 병원균의 효과적인 생육억제 약제를 선발하기 위해 여러 가지 살세균제들(8개의 항생제, 2개의 구리화합물, 1개의 quinoline, 18개의 농약)을 이용하여 효과를 확인하였다. 실내 생장억제 효과조사 결과, tetracycline, streptomycin sulfate 처리에서 병원균의 생육이 크게 억제되었으며, 또한 oxolinic acid도 병원균의 생육억제 효과가 우수하였다. 하지만 vancomycin, polymyxin B sulfate and copper compounds 등은 불마름병 병원균의 생육억제효과가 확인되지 않았다. 18종의 농용약제 중에는 streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline(18.8 + 1.5%)WP, oxytetracycline(17%)WP, oxolinic acid(20%) 등이 실내에서 병원균의 생육억제 효과가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 선발된 5종의 농용약제에 대하여 포장에서 방제효과 시험을 실시한 결과, streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline (18.8 + 1.5%) WP와 oxytetracycline(17%) WP가 자연 감염된 태광콩 포장에서 70% 이상의 높은 방제효과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 콩불마름병균에 대한 강한 억제효과를 가지는 이 약제들은 콩 불마름병의 화학적 방제에 실용성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2005

In this comparative study, the effects of temperature, pH, and bactericides on the growth of Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia amylovora were investigated. The maximum temperature for the growth of both Erwinia species was estimated to be $36{\circ}C$. The maximum specific growth rates of E. pyrifoliae and E. amylovora were observed at $27{\circ}C$ and $28{\circ}C$, respectively, and no significant growth differences were shown at their optimum temperatures. However, at lower temperatures ranging from 12-$21{\circ}C$, E. pyrifoliae showed higher growth rates with doubling times shorter than those of E. amylovora. Distinct growth rates at these temperatures revealed that E. pyrifoliae is more cold-tolerant than E. amylovora. The optimum pH for the growth of both pathogens was 7.5 and growth was not seen at pH ${\le}$ 5.0 and ${\ge}$ 10.0. These results showed that the effect of pH on the growth of E. pyrifoliae and E. amylovora was similar. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of copper sulfate, oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline, which inhibited growth of E. pyrifoliae and E. amylovora, were determined. The strains of both pathogens were able to grow at 0.08-0.32 mM copper sulfate, but not at higher concentrations. However, none of the tested strains grew in the presence of oxolinic acid (0.001 mM), streptomycin (0.1 mM), and tetracycline (0.01 mM) concentrations. These results suggested that all strains of both Erwinia species were sensitive to tested bactericides and indicated no occurrence of resistant strains of E. pyrifoliae in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2004

참다래 꽃썩음병은 주로 항생제 살포에 의해 방제되고있다. 스트랩토마이신황산염 옥시테트라사이클린 수화제, 농용신 쿠퍼 수화제와 옥쏘리닉에시드 수화제가 15개의 후보약제들 대상으로 한 실내시험 및 포장시험을 통하여 참다래 꽃썩음병 예방약제로 선발되었다. 참다래 꽃썩음병 방제를 위하여 스트랩토마이신황산염 옥시테트라사이클린 수화제와 농용신 쿠퍼 수화제의 살포적기는 개화기이고, 여러 가지 살포시기별 다양한 약제살포 조합 중에서 참다래 꽃썩음병 방제를 위한 스트랩토마이신황산염 옥시테트라사이클린 수화제와 농용신 쿠퍼 수화제의 최적 살포 회수는 참다래 개화기인 5월 초부터 10일 간격으로 3회로 판명되었다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제6권
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

국립 중앙 박물관의 소장품은 다양한 재질로 구성되는데, 그 중 목재, 종이, 피혁 등 유기질로 이루어진 것들은 충균의 피해에도 민감하여 훈증에 의한 관리와 방충·방균제가 병용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 박물관에서 사용되는 각종 재료들의 유해성을 판정하는 Oddy test를 응용하여 방충·방균제가 염색지의 색변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 B사 H제품이 염색지의 색변화에 가장 영향을 적게 미치는 것으로 관찰되었다. 코치닐과 울금 염색지의 실험 결과에서 염색지와 함께 노출된 시편과 비교하여 대조군의 변화가 매우 크게 나타났다. 이는 시료보다 습도에 의한 영향이 크기 때문으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2020

In nature, plants are always under the threat of pests and diseases. Pathogenic bacteria are one of the major pathogen types to cause diseases in diverse plants, resulting in negative effects on plant growth and crop yield. Chemical bactericides and antibiotics have been used as major approaches for controlling bacterial plant diseases in the field or greenhouse. However, the appearance of resistant bacteria to common antibiotics and bactericides as well as their potential negative effects on environment and human health demands bacteriologists to develop alternative control agents. Bacteriophages, the viruses that can infect and kill only target bacteria very specifically, have been demonstrated as potential agents, which may have no negative effects on environment and human health. Many bacteriophages have been isolated against diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria, and many studies have shown to efficiently manage the disease development in both controlled and open conditions such as greenhouse and field. Moreover, the specificity of bacteriophages to certain bacterial species has been applied to develop detection tools for the diagnosis of plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, we summarize the promising results from greenhouse or field experiments with bacteriophages to manage diseases caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we summarize the usage of bacteriophages for the specific detection of plant-pathogenic bacteria.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of several bactericides and fungicides against fruit & vegetable decay grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was tested in a dilution solution. GFSE was shown to be effective against decay and rind breakdown and to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during storage and tiansport. Antimicrobial efficiency of GFSE on a wide spectra of gram + & - bacteria, moulds and yeasts was demonstrated by the measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations performed (Bacteria 10-500ppm, Fungi:250-1,000ppm, Yeasts:100-250ppm). GFSE was separated and extracted into water-soluble fraction, water-insoluble and non-dialyzed fraction to isolate the antimicrobial substances. The water-soluble fraction showed the most active antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial substances were isolated by gas chromatography. As the result of the isolation using GC, Peak-D was found to be the antimicrobial compound in GFSE. The identification of the most antimicrobial substance was carried out by using GC-MS.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2022

Bacterial wilt is a re-emerging disease on dry bean and can affect many other crop species within the Fabaceae. The causal agent, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), is a small, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is seed-transmitted. Infections in the host become systemic, leading to wilting and economic loss. Clean seed programs and bactericidal seed treatments are two critical management tools. This study characterizes the efficacies of five bactericidal chemicals against CFF. It was hypothesized that this bacterium was capable of forming biofilms, and that the cells within biofilms would be more tolerant to bactericidal treatments. The minimum biocide eradication concentration assay protocol was used to grow CFF biofilms, expose the biofilms to bactericides, and enumerate survivors compared to a non-treated control (water). Streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate had EC95 values at the lowest concentrations and are likely the best candidates for seed treatment products for controlling seed-borne bacterial wilt of bean. The results showed that CFF formed biofilms during at least two phases of the bacterial wilt disease cycle, and the biofilms were much more difficult to eradicate than their planktonic counterparts. Overall, biofilm formation by CFF is an important part of the bacterial wilt disease cycle in dry edible bean and antibiofilm bactericides such as streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate may be best suited for use in disease management.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1996

Chemicals including antibiotics and bactericides were screened for suppression of streptomycin-resistant Erwinia cmutouom subsp. cmutovom (Ecc) strains in laboratory and field conditions. Oxytetracycline, ethoquinolac and dichlorophen suppressed the growth of streptomycin-resistant Ecc strains in vitro. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of oxytetracycline and ethoquinolac mixed with streptomycin against the Ecc strains were equal to and less than one, respectively. Consequently the efficacy of those chemicals in mixture with sorptomycin were non-antagonistic But that of dichlorophen mixed with streptomycin was more than one, therefore the efficacy of the mixture was antagonistic. Spray of oxyteoucycline, ethoquinolac and agrimycin-100 on the topped burley tobacco plants was efficacious in reducing tobacco hollow stalk at the same level of sorptomycin treatment in three-year field trials, which suggests that those are promising chemicals to be alternative to streptomycin for control of tobacco hollow stalk.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2003

감자 생산에 치명적인 흑각병을 유발하는 흑각병원균 (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) 을 방제할 수 있는 화학적 방제제를 선발하기 위하여 7 종의 항생제와 oxolinic acid, 그리고 4 종의 구리제를 대상으로 병원균에 대한 억제효과와 저항성을 in vitro에서 조사하였다. Streptomycin, streptomycin sulfate, oxolinic acid는 0.02 mM 처리 24 시간 후, 그리고 구리제인 copper hydroxide, copper oxide, copper sulfate 는 3 mM 처리 24 시간 후 완전히 억제되었다. 약제들에 대한 병원균의 저항성을 조사하고자 최소 억제농도의 1.3 배를 처리하고 72 시간 후에 생존율을 조사한 결과, 항생제 및 oxolinic acid 처리구에서는 저항성균이 관찰되었으나, 구리제 처리구에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 저농도 처리로 병원균을 방제할 수 있는 2 종의 항생제 및 oxolinic acid 와 저항성균 유발 가능성이 낮은 구리제 3 종을 혼합처리였을 경우, streptomycin + copper oxide(0.016 + 1.2 mM, 9.3 + 171.6 ppm), streptomycin + copper hydroxide(0.016 + 1.5 mM, 9.3 + 146.3 ppm), streptomycin sulfate+copper oxide(0.005 + 1.2 mM, 7.0 + 171.6 ppm), streptomycin sulfate+copper hydroxide(0.005 + 1.5 mM, 7.0+146.3 ppm) 처리 24 시간 후 병원균의 생장은 완전 억제되었고, 72 시간 후 저항성균이 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 oxolinic acid+구리제 혼합처리의 경우와 2 종의 항생제 및 oxolinic acid + copper sulfate 혼합처리의 경우 공히 균생장 억제효과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과는 효과적인 감자흑각병의 방제를 위하여 약제의 단일 사용보다는 혼합 사용하는 경우 더 높은 방제효과와 낮은 저항성균 유발효과가 있다는 것 을 보여주고 있다.