The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Bactericidal Efficacy of Oxidized Silver against Biofilms Formed by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens

  • Harding, Michael W. (Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Crop Diversification Centre South) ;
  • Marques, Lyriam L.R. (Hydroqual Laboratories Ltd.) ;
  • Allan, Nick (Chinook Contract Research) ;
  • Olson, Merle E. (Chinook Contract Research) ;
  • Buziak, Brenton (Innovotech Inc.) ;
  • Nadworny, Patricia (Innovotech Inc.) ;
  • Omar, Amin (Innovotech Inc.) ;
  • Howard, Ronald J. (RJH Ag Research Solutions) ;
  • Feng, Jie (Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Alberta Plant Health Lab)
  • Received : 2022.04.10
  • Accepted : 2022.06.13
  • Published : 2022.08.01
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Abstract

Bacterial wilt is a re-emerging disease on dry bean and can affect many other crop species within the Fabaceae. The causal agent, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), is a small, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is seed-transmitted. Infections in the host become systemic, leading to wilting and economic loss. Clean seed programs and bactericidal seed treatments are two critical management tools. This study characterizes the efficacies of five bactericidal chemicals against CFF. It was hypothesized that this bacterium was capable of forming biofilms, and that the cells within biofilms would be more tolerant to bactericidal treatments. The minimum biocide eradication concentration assay protocol was used to grow CFF biofilms, expose the biofilms to bactericides, and enumerate survivors compared to a non-treated control (water). Streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate had EC95 values at the lowest concentrations and are likely the best candidates for seed treatment products for controlling seed-borne bacterial wilt of bean. The results showed that CFF formed biofilms during at least two phases of the bacterial wilt disease cycle, and the biofilms were much more difficult to eradicate than their planktonic counterparts. Overall, biofilm formation by CFF is an important part of the bacterial wilt disease cycle in dry edible bean and antibiofilm bactericides such as streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate may be best suited for use in disease management.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported financially by an Alberta Ingenuity Industrial Associateship, Innovotech Inc., and Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. Thanks to Mrs. Liz Middlemiss for technical assistance with SEM imaging.

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