• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.635-650
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• 2000

In this paper, the adaptive nodal generation procedure based on the estimated local and global error in the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is proposed. To investigate the possibility of h-type adaptivity of EFG method, a simple nodal refinement scheme is used. By adding new node along the background cell that is used in numerical integration, both of the local and global errors can be controlled adaptively. These errors are estimated by calculating the difference between the values of the projected stresses and original EFG stresses. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop the reliable nodal generator based on the local and global errors that is estimated posteriori. To evaluate the performance of proposed adaptive procedure, the convergence behavior is investigated for several examples.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.151-160
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• 2019

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, software(SW) education has become a necessity, not a choice of those who live in the digital age. Recently, many countries around the world have been actively promoting software education based on Computational Thinking(CT) for K-12 students, so software education in schools has bigger meaning as basic literacy education of future digital generation rather than coding skills. However, the integration of software education as a formal curriculum in schools is still ongoing in even other countries. Korea is also pursuing software education, but it is in the beginning stage. Therefore, we need to study the cases of other countries that have already started software education at the national level. In this paper, we first investigate the software education cases of three countries, e.g., UK, France and China with a respect of background & educational objective, development stage, and curriculum and we suggest education policies that software education can settle in Korea schools to foster a creative talented people.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.304-313
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• 1992

The agricultural industry is beset by continuing demands to decrease the use of pest control agents which employ toxic modes of action. Although there are real problems of pesticide resistance, and sometimes overuse or redistribution in the environment, much criticism results from a lack of appreciation of how small is the risk involved. Whatever the background reasons, research and development for pesticide alternatives, particularly within Integrated Pest Management systems, is clearly of high priority. Currently available approaches, including use of natural products and molecular biology, are often regarded with naive optimism and require critical appraisal. For the future, methods of pest control based on chemicals with non-toxic modes of action (e.g. pheromones) continue to offer promise but, for widespread use, will require their integration with biological agents and development by means of plant molecular biology.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2024

Saudi Arabia is transitioning from its traditional oil-dependent economy to become a leader in the hydrogen industry. This paper explores the kingdom's strategic investments in hydrogen production and infrastructure as key components of its energy diversification and sustainability efforts. The focus is on enhancing green hydrogen production to meet domestic needs and strengthen its position in the global market. The urgency of diversifying energy sources is emphasized, with projects like the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project illustrating Saudi Arabia's commitment to renewable energy integration. These initiatives are positioned to centralize Saudi Arabia in the global shift toward sustainable energy, signaling a significant pivot in its economic and environmental policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.14-25
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• 2009

We live in an age which is exponentially growing as the knowledge paradigm is changing. New sites are subject to contemporary landscape architecture function as "fields" in which this hybrid aspect is both actively practiced and becoming a catalyst for change in the area of landscape architecture. With this as its background, this study attempts to deal with how the aspect of integration in environmental design is manifested. For this purpose, the tendencies for the discussion of integration in various fields of practice were examined: planning theories, urban theories, architecture, public environment, engineering, and landscape architecture. As yet, the discussions of interdisciplinary integration, which occur in practice in these respective fields, mainly tend to be oriented toward the effective implementation of the merits of other related fields. Seen from these examples of practice, integrated design approaches can be found in the following three aspects: design objects, respective professional areas, and methodologies of approaches and design. In terms of design objects, the positions of individual design subjects present themselves as most obvious, and integration or combination of the physical targets that come to exist through design can be easily seen. Most examples of integration turn out to be this, in almost every case of which the theme and the target of expression are integrated via a small number of certain methods. In terms of professional areas, what can be mainly evidenced is how the individual subject acts when the subject designs. The strong points of professionals from each field seem to create synergy, achieving through integration optimum results. In terms of methodologies of approaches and design, there are attempts to create integrated approaches as ways of effective decision-making, in which case the integration of all of the interest parties is of primary concern. As yet, few instances have been found in which integrated design has had enough strength to be seen as a concrete design methodology based on practical examples. However, it is encouraging that theoretical approaches and the necessity for integrated design have been identified from multiple perspectives, and that a practical movement such as landscape urbanism has come into active being. The authors of this study find this point in time to be ripe for discussions on integrated practices in terms of environmental design, on the basis of the synthetic approaches mentioned above.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.7 s.98
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• pp.156-170
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• 2005

As contemporary art tends to diverge from its fixed genres and intends to appeal to the public, fashion comes to contribute to the contemporary art area, by playing an important part in the creation of artistic value of art work. Nowadays, it is not unusual to see fashion work shown in an art exhibition parallel with art work, since some artists adopt costumes as the medium of their work in order to explore various means of expression. The occurrence of philosophical, sociological theories concerning human body parallelled with the prevalence of the post-structuralist ideas and occurrence of various styles of artistic expressions of body encouraged active research and attracted social attention to body. With such background, fashion art was formed by a means of the integration of body and fashion in order to create extreme artistic expression. 1 intend to investigate a variety of trends in fashion art from the viewpoint of body space. This study developed criteria for fashion image in contemporary art. Those criteria are based on the dichotomy that divides body into inner aspects and outer aspects. According to the criteria, Firstly, the extension type of body shape includes enlargement and reduction as its sub-types. Secondly, the opening-closure type includes opening type and closure type as its sub-types. Thirdly, the intensity type categorizes clothes into uniqueness and hybridity. Dynamism type classifies fashion art into fixation and moving. The various expressions of clothes type are interpreted as a means by which we can criticize many phenomena of modern society, such as loss of humanity, isolation of individuals, loss of identity, commercialism, and materialism. In the latter period of modern society, the integration of the double-faced nature of body and spirit was attempted and popular fashion was introduced into art in order to express desire, death, gender, identity, and sexual pleasure.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

Background：Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the palatine tonsils represents approximately 15-23% of all intraoral SCC. The most frequently reported risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer are smoking and alcohol. In a recent overview of HPV and tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma(TC), 51% contained HPV DNA, and HPV-16 being the most frequent type. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly effects on the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of TC by comparison with infection prevalence, and physical status of virus. Material and Method：We used HPV genotyping DNA chip(Biocore, Korea, Seoul) arrayed by multiple oligonucleotide probes of L1 sequence of 26 types of HPV and HPV genotypes are identified by fluorescence scanner. The copy numbers of HPV E2 and E6 open reading frames(ORF) were assessed using a TaqMan-based 5'-exonuclease quantitative real-time PCR assay. The ratio of E2 to E6 copy numbers was calculated to determine the physical status of HPV-16 viral gene. Results：We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between 52 TCs and 69 CFTs(73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16(87.2%)and non-episomal(94.1%) state. Conclusions：This study regarding HPV infection prevalence and mechanism in the largest population of palatine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with chronic follicular tonsillitis revealed significant difference pf HPV prevalence between TC and CFT. Most of HPV were 16 type and integrated or mixed, HPV-16 integration could be directly related to tonsillar carcinogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2869-2873
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration within the E2 gene has been proposed as a critical event in cervical carcinogenesis. This study concerned whether HPV16 status and E2 gene intactness are predictive of radiation response in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of 44 patients with cervical cancer were collected before or after radiotherapy. The presence of HPV16 was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the L1 region. E2 disruption was detected by amplifying the entire E2 gene. Results: HPV16 DNA was found in 54.5% of the clinical samples. Overall, 62.5% of the HPV16 positive tumors had integrated viral genome and 37.5% had episomal genome. There was a tendency of increase of HPV16 E2 negative tumors compared with HPV16 L1 ones in advanced stages (75% versus 20% in stage III respectively). Detection of E2 gene appeared influenced by the radiotherapy treatment, as the percentage of samples containing an intact HPV16 E2 was more frequent in pretreated patients compared to radiotherapy treated patients (66.6% versus 20%). The radiation therapy caused an eight-fold [OR= 8; CI=1.22-52.25; p=0.03] increase in the risk of HPV16 genome disruption. The integration status is influenced by the irradiation modalities, interestingly E2 disruption being found widely after radiotherapy treatment (75%) with a total fractioned dose of 50Gy. Conclusions: This study reveals that the status of the viral DNA may be used as a marker to optimize the radiation treatment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to examine the impact of acculturation and social support on the mental health among Korean-American registered nurses. Methods: Data were collected with a convenience sample of 203 Korean-American registered nurses living in New York state and New Jersey state from 8th May to 25th August in 2012. The structured questionnaires measured the degree of acculturation, social support, and mental health. Data analysis was conducted using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation efficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Lower level of integration and higher level of marginalization were associated with the lower mental health. Social support was also positively related to mental health and had mediating effect on the relationship between acculturation and mental health. The five variables, including participants' educational background, work shift, integration, marginalization, and social support were significant to predict the level of mental health among Korean-American registered nurses, accounting for 41% of the variability. Conclusion: The results imply that higher level of social support and strong identity of both home and host culture will enable Korean-American registered nurses to maintain sound mental health.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Background: With the recent rapid industrialization, occupational safety and health (OSH) has become an important issue in all industrial and human activities. However, incidents of injuries and fatality rates in the Ghanaian industry sector continue to increase. Despite this increase, there is no evidence regarding the element of OSH management in transport activities in Ghanaian industries. Thus, this study aims to examine the perceptions regarding the importance of safety and health in work-related transport activities in Ghanaian industries. Methods: A survey data collection technique was used to gather information on best safety practices over a 5-month period. We randomly selected 298 respondents from industries to answer structured questionnaires. The respondents included drivers, transport managers, and safety engineers. Standard multiple regression model and Pearson product-movement correlation were used to performed the analysis. Results: The result shows that for interventions to improve safety and health, concentration has been on drivers' safety practice with less attention to safe driving environments and vehicle usage. Additionally, the respondents are aware of the importance of OSH in transport activities, but the level of integration does not measure up to the standard to reduce operational accidents and injuries. Finally, strong commitment to changing unsafe practices at all levels of operations appears to be the effective way to improve safety situations. Conclusion: OSH culture is not fully complied in industries transport activities. This study, therefore, supports the use of safety seminars and training sessions for industry workers responsible for transport operations for better integration of safety standards.