• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2007

Objective: The purposes of this study are to understand the characteristics of the participants in a community walking campaign and to analyze the factors related to their participation based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Methods: The study composed of the description of participant characteristics and comparison of them with non-participant characteristics in a walking campaign in K province. The data were collected through a survey of 2,590 participants and 258 non-participants from the same community. The survey instrument included questions about stages of walking and exercise, knowledge and attitude toward walking, and environmental condition for walking. Results: A majority of the walking campaign participants were in the action(24.8%) and maintenance(43.6%) stages of walking and exercise behavior. The non-participant group was split between maintenance(51.6%) and precontemplation (30.6%) stages. Among the participants, effective campaign promotion channels differed by age group while motivation for participation and participation patterns were associated with both age and gender. Favorable physical environment was a significant factor of participating in walking campaign(OR=1.396, CI=1.149-1.696). Although the campaign participants scored higher than the non-participants in most attitude toward walking questions, differences in knowledge scores between two groups were less significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, further social marketing to increase the awareness and to increase the concern of population in the community is needed based on the survey result. Transtheoretical model seems appropriate to apply to the evaluation and the planning the program of the behavior change in the community. Also, more organized and sustainable support in need to maintain the good habit of walking for the participants in walking campaign.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2009

This study is to solve following problems by a family leisure as the problem of a single person in seclusion type, teenager-children being addicted to game, the disconnection of culture inheritance among inter-generation, the elder being isolated from leisure, the increase of the children using a key to go into home alone, the problem of a gender discrimination. This study defines the policy for a family leisure as "policy that ultimately creates the happiness of family, prevents the family problem and deals with it, through the leisure activities that are suitable to family life cycle". It also considers some other important properties(equality, gender and family life cycle, space) besides the constitution and function of family leisure. To create the happiness of family, the direction of the policy for a family leisure heads toward the positive function such as unification, creativity, and psychological stability of family members. At this point, the object of the policy for a family leisure is a unit of the family and it focuses on the level of interaction and positive function development between family members, being beyond the concept of family activity. Therefore, the policy that is to vitalize a family leisure must contain the interaction and positive function between the family members. Hereupon, to vitalize a family leisure, this study leads above-mentioned subjects based on programming, running leisure facility, information system, experts, social awareness, and supporting to the various family. Specialty, the process of leading these subjects is connected to the suggestion of the concrete program and then, is to result in supporting the program development for the essential leisure policy.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.368-374
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• 2022

Children are by nature curious and enthusiastic about learning and love to explore and search for everything they see around them, but as a result of this exploration they may sometimes be exposed to dangerous situations ranging from falls to poisoning and suffocation. That is why when supporting a child's natural desire to explore the world and supporting his awareness of dangerous situations and good handling of them, helps him build a conscious scientific mind and enhance his curiosity in the natural world. It is not easy to imagine a difficult situation in which we or one of our family is in danger, unable to help ourselves or to help them in time, due to our complete ignorance of the rules of first aid. Hence the importance of learning first aid not only for the child but for the community and the world at large. "Hakeem" is an Arabic E-health educational application that aims to teach children from the age of six to eleven years first aid, in our belief that the seed of renaissance lies in the care and education of children, and the lack of Arabic content that aims to teach children first aid skills. The idea is to create a scenario in which the child is responsible for saving the person who will be in a dangerous situation using Augmented Reality (AR) technology, to increase engagement and interaction and provides a rich user experience, and according to the child's performance, he will get reward points. The game will have several levels: Beginner, Intermediate, and Hakeem, and based on the player's points he will get a title and move to the next level, and when he reaches the end, he will get the certificate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.989-998
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• 2014

We examine the awareness of the facility managers in Korean universities and colleges over the global climate change and over the national greenhouse gas (GHG) energy target management program via a questionnaire survey. The result shows that the survey participants maintain high awareness on global and national issues including the climate change and the concept of the national GHG management framework. On the other hand, the responsibility of universities and colleges associated to these issues is not recognized as well, showing the necessity for further education. Additionally, important implications on the direction and the major factors that should be considered during the development of a GHG management program for universities and colleges are deduced from the result of the survey. In order to be effective in universities and colleges, a GHG management program must be able to estimate the present level of emissions accurately, to address campus-specific emissions characteristics, and to facilitate ease use for generic users. At the same time, active supporting services including education and promotion should be incorporated. The survey result can be utilized as basic data in guiding the future development of effective GHG management programs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2018

The study was carried out to determine the real condition in parking environment improving zone suffering poor supply for demand and then present a solution to it. To this end, the study reviewed the existing data including parking ratio which means percent of the total parking space in the region divided by the number of registered vehicles in the zones and surveyed residents for their awareness of parking lots. The results showed some major findings as follows. Parking ratio is low and illegal parking is serious in the zones, which, as a consequence, it results in lack of parking area in the zones. More than 70% of those who live in the zones had inconvenience during parking. And insufficient space for parking generates illegal parking. Residents in the zones answered that the best way to deal with the parking problems is to create more parking zones. As they had more difficulties having parking spaces, they showed stronger tendency to use newly-built parking lots. The study also gave thought to building private parking lots as a solution to the parking issues in the zones. And it suggested that supporting policies on the private parking lots be strengthened to promote the private parking lots in residential areas. Those policies will gradually improve parking problems in the parking environment improving zone.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

The interest and participation of the rural experience is increasing as an alternative for the problems such as the decrease of the agricultural income facing the agriculture and the rural area, the decrease of the population, and the regional stagnation. The rural experience has recently been transformed into a software dimension such as programs and participation activities in the past. In addition, public awareness also positively evaluates agriculture and rural communities as the basis for supporting society and recognition of multiple functions. Furthermore, the intention of the citizen to the earnest village is increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of rural experience and customer satisfaction of urban residents on the recognition of return to farm and rural areas. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the characteristics of rural experience had a positive effect on the farming villages by the program, the experience field and the host, and the customer satisfaction had a positive effect on the farming villages. Therefore, it is considered that a systematic approach to the rural experience is needed in the future because the experience of the rural people in the city has a positive effect on the earliest villages.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.135-167
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• 2002

This research focuses on the IS development methodology as an object of innovation in an IS organization. It has two main research objectives. It was intended to understand the critical affecting factors which have an effect on the processing of each level in the dynamic and evolving innovation process. There are two levels of innovation process: initiation and implementation. It was also intended to understand the performance of IS organizational innovation. We found three main results by the LISREL analysis. First, main factors affecting initiation level of innovation are innovative tendency of IS members, communication level of IS organization, existence of champion manager, IS performance gap, executive supporting to IS, and relative advantage of IS development methodology. At the implementation level, it was understood that the existence of champion manager, executive support, and relative advantage of IS development methodology were the main factors promoting to use the innovation, and the complexity of innovation was a negative factor adopting the usage of innovation. Second, the quality of the previous level in the gradual innovation activities gives very notable affection to the continuous next level. Finally, it was found that the qualitative performance like the documentation, collaborative team approach, IS developer's awareness and ability corresponding to their task and so on was improved due to the IS organizational innovation. This research provides the standard framework for the IS organizational innovation in a structural way. In the practical aspect, it may be used as the principle for introducing and using the IS development methodology.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the attitudes of nurses and physicians toward neonatal palliative care and identify the barriers to and facilitators of neonatal palliative care, with the goal of improving palliative care for infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the NICUs of seven general hospitals with 112 nurses and 52 physicians participating. Data were collected using the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale questionnaire. Results: Only 12.5% of nurses and 11.5% of physicians reported that they had sufficient education in neonatal palliative care. In contrast, 89.3% of the nurses and 84.6% of the physicians reported that they needed further education. The common facilitators for both nurses and physicians were: 1) agreement by all members of the department regarding the provision of palliative care and 2) informing parents about palliative care options. The common barriers for both nurses and physicians were: 1) policies or guidelines supporting palliative care were not available, 2) counseling was not available, 3) technological imperatives, and 4) parental demands for continuing life support. Insufficient resources, staff, and time were also identified as barriers for nurses, whereas these were not identified as barriers for physicians. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop hospital or national guidelines and educational programs on neonatal palliative care, and it is equally necessary to spread social awareness of the importance of neonatal palliative care.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of the current study was to analyze treatment concepts of a cohort of German dentists for planning, fabrication, and maintenance of implant-supported fixed and removable restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A questionnaire including queries about experiences with implant-supported restorations as well as prosthetic and maintenance treatment concepts for supplying patients with fixed and removable implant-supported prosthetic restorations was developed and sent to 350 dental offices registered in the municipal area of Leipzig, Germany. RESULTS. An overall total of 62 returned questionnaires were included in the analyses, which relates to a response rate of 17.7%. Participating dentists were more involved in the prosthetic aspects of implant dentistry rather than surgery, while prosthetic concepts such as backward planning, digital processing, and application of all-ceramic materials were not commonly performed. Simple attachments were preferred over complex retention systems in removable implant-supported restorations. Tooth/implant-supported fixed denture prostheses as well as removable denture prostheses with supporting posterior implants were not regarded as a favorable treatment option. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the study, the data indicate that dentists favor simple and conventional treatment approaches in implant prosthetics. Prosthetic aspects in the planning of implant-supported restorations are often neglected. Prosthetic treatment guidelines and aspects should commonly be considered in the planning phase of implant-supported prosthetic restorations, and awareness should be increased in postgraduate education.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1016-1035
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• 2023

Corporate tax avoidance has been the subject of international debate since the Enron scandal and has raised awareness of the need for greater transparency in financial markets. Efforts have been made to strengthen financial reporting requirements and meet the needs of investors and other stakeholders, including digitalization of financial reporting through Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). This study examines the impact of the mandatory adoption of XBRL on corporate tax avoidance. We tested our predictions using a panel dataset of Indonesian firms listed on the IDX stock exchange. Based on available information in the DATASTREAM database covering the 2013-2017 period, we used two proxies for tax avoidance i.e., GAAP effective tax rate and current effective tax rate. We estimated multiple regression model including industry and year fixed effects. The results show that XBRL implementation has reduced corporate tax avoidance. These findings suggest that improving corporate transparency through XBRL could play a deterrent tool to corporate tax avoidance. The results of this study should be useful to tax authorities and accounting standard setters supporting the benefits of digitalizing financial reporting and continuing to complete XBRL taxonomies around the world.