• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2001

비위생 매립지를 정비하는 방법은 여러 가지 공법이 있으나, 지중에 투수성이 매우 낮은 물질을 설치하여 폐기물과 오염된 지하수를 가두고 외부지역의 지하수가 유입되는 것을 차단하는 목적으로 심층혼합차수공법 형태의 연직 차수벽이 많이 설치된다. 국내에서 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 심층혼합 차수공법의 차수재료는 특수시멘트 계열의 고화재를 많이 사용하고 있으며, 이때 고화재 투입량은 차수재의 법적 설치기준인 투수계수가 1.0x$10^{7}$cm/sec 이하이어야 하므로 현장토의 여건에 따라 달라지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 흙의 통일분류법상 SW-SC로 분류된 현장토를 대상으로 고화재를 활용한 혼합 차수벽 형성에서의 적정 고화재 투입량 및 최적 함수비를 결정하고 고화재를 개량할 수 있는 물질로서 비산재와 석회를 선정하여 적절한 혼합비로 고화재에 첨가함으로써 혼합 차수재의 기능 향상에 대한 방안을 검토하였다. 연구결과, 심층 혼합 차수공법에서 차수재의 고화재 적정 배합비율은 투수계수 실험을 통하여 13%가 적절한 것으로 나타났으며, 이 때 시공성을 용이하게 하기 위한 배합수비는 고화재 : 물의 비가 1 : 1.5가 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 도출된 기본적인 배합비를 기준으로 비산재와 석회를 첨가한 혼합 차수재의 강도와 투수능을 평가한 결과, 고화재(시멘트) 대신 첨가재(비산재:석회 = 70:30)를 20~40% 정도 첨가하여 사용한다면 고화재만을 사용하는 경우보다 더 낮은 투수능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 혼합 차수재의 중금속 고정능 평가에서는 고화재(시멘트)만을 혼합할 때와 상응하는 중금속 고정능력이 있었으며, 환경적 위해성 평가를 위한 중금속 용출 실험에서도 용출농도는 규제치 이하임을 알 수 있었다.의 값이 모두 광릉이 높고 남산이 낮은(mesh size 1.7mm>광릉 mesh size 0.4 mm>남산 mesh size 1.7 mm) 일관된 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 날개응애 군집의 종 다양성은 광릉지역이 남산지역에 비해 더 높다는 결론을 도출할 수 있는 것이었다. 낙엽주머니내 출현종의 우점종과 출현빈도 분석결과, 각 조사구의 우점종들은 전체 밀도의 70%이상을 차지하고 있어 비중이 매우 높은 것들로 나타났고, 최고 우점종은 mesh size 1.7mm의 남산과 광릉 조사구에서 Tricho-galumna nipponica로 동일했고, 광릉 mesh size 0.4 mm에서는 이 종보다 크기가 작은 Ramusella sengbuschi가 최고 우점종이었다. 그리고 낙엽주머니내에 밀도와 출현빈도가 높아 낙엽분해에 직,간접적으로 크게 관여하는 날개응애 종들로는 Tricogalumna nipponica, Epidamaeus coreanus, Scheloribates latipes, Ceratozetes japonicus, Ramusella sengbuschi, Eohypochthonius crassisetiger, Cultroribula lata 등을 선발할 수 있었다.X>$_4$$^{2－}$ 및 HCO$_3$$^{-}$ 각각의 관계에 의하면. 남부지역과 서북부지역 얘서 모두 염수의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타난다.worm by topical aprication. 3. There is an increase of cocoon yield in both chemical treatments. It was resulted from increase of weight of

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1970

Recently Carter(1952) reported the capsule antigens of Pasteurella multocida could be divided into four serological types A,B,C and D by means of precipitation tests. Subsequently he showed that the most sensitive for identification of these types involved the use of capsule substance adsorbed by erythrocytes in hemagglutination test. It may be somewhat difficult to conduct the hemagglutination test in small laboratory, because relatively large amounts of antisera and erythrocytes of the human O type are required for the test. A simple method for serological typing of P. multocida was the slide agglutination test employed by Little et al. (1943) and Namioka et al. (1962), but this method is still in controversy. The author tried adapting Carter's hemagglutination method to the slide method so called "micromethod technique", and studied on the stabilization of erythrocytes for use of slide hemagglutination to P. multocida although many invesigators reported the stabilization of erythrocytes. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. A simplified method (slide method) for capsule typing of the organism was developed by adapting Carter's hemagglutination reaction(tube method). Antibody-containing serum can be diluted serially on Boerner's microtest slide with capillary or serological pipetts with a considerable accuracy. The slide reaction can be carried out with case on the slide by adding $0.05m{\ell}$ of antigen-sensitized erythrocytes suspension diluted to one percent on $0.05m{\ell}$ of serially diluted antibody-containing sera, and the final result can be read after 60 minutes at the room temperature ($15^{\circ}C$). 2. It is difficult to determine superiority of inferiority between the slide method and the tube method on the pattern of the reaction of hemagglutination. 3. The pH range of 6.6 to 8.3 is optimal for the slide hemagglutination reaction. 4. The antigen-sensitization against erythrocytes at $37^{\circ}C$ is optimal for the slide hemagglutination. 5. Both the doses and concentration of antigen do not influence the antigen-adsorbing capacity of erythrocytes. 6. The reduction of antigen-sensitizing hours does not influence the antigen-adsorbing capacity of erythrocytes even 30 minutes. 7. The tannic acid treatment against formalinized and non-formalinized erythrocytes showed no effect on the reaction of hemagglutination. 8. The erythrocytes preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ in the ACD solution do not decrease the reactivity on the reaction of hemagglutination for 60 days, while they begin slight hemolysis 30 days after preserving. 9. The stable preparation of erythrocytes can be obtained by treating the cells at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours with from 4 to 8 percent of formalin in saline or buffer. These cells can be preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for more than 8 months experimented without hemolysis. With low concentration of formalin, the cells were not sufficiently stabilized resulting in the hemolysis after short period of preservation at $4^{\circ}C$. 10. The erythrocytes treated with 16 percent of formalin remain constantly or increase the reactivity for the reaction of hemagglutination. On the contrary, the cells treated with I to 8 percent of formalin decrease the reactivity. 11. There is no difference between nontreated fresh erythrocytes and the erythrocytes preserved in the ACD solution on the reactivity against the hemagglutination, and the erythrocytes treated with 16 percent of formalin showed the reactivity of higher level than that of the above two kinds of erythrocytes. 12. There is no difference between the saline and the isotonic buffer solution on the reaction of hemagglutination.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 1983

Emergency medical service is an important part of the health care delivery system, and the optimal allocation of resources and their efficient utilization are essentially demanded. Since these conditions are the prerequisite to prompt treatment which, in turn, will be crucial for life saving and in reducing the undesirable sequelae of the event. This study, taking the hyperbaric chamber for carbon monoxide poisoning as an example, is to develop a stochastic approach for solving the problems of optimal allocation of such emergency medical facility in Korea. The hyperbaric chamber, in Korea, is used almost exclusively for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning, most of which occur at home, since the coal briquette is used as domestic fuel by 69.6 per cent of the Korean population. The annual incidence rate of the comatous and fatal carbon monoxide poisoning is estimated at 45.5 per 10,000 of coal briquette-using population. It offers a serious public health problem and occupies a large portion of the emergency outpatients, especially in the winter season. The requirement of hyperbaric chambers can be calculated by setting the level of the annual queueing rate, which is here defined as the proportion of the annual number of the queued patients among the annual number of the total patients. The rate is determined by the size of the coal briquette-using population which generate a certain number of carbon monoxide poisoning patients in terms of the annual incidence rate, and the number of hyperbaric chambers per hospital to which the patients are sent, assuming that there is no referral of the patients among hospitals. The queueing occurs due to the conflicting events of the 'arrival' of the patients and the 'service' of the hyperbaric chambers. Here, we can assume that the length of the service time of hyperbaric chambers is fixed at sixty minutes, and the service discipline is based on 'first come, first served'. The arrival pattern of the carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively unique, because it usually occurs while the people are in bed. Diurnal variation of the carbon monoxide poisoning can hardly be formulated mathematically, so empirical cumulative distribution of the probability of the hourly arrival of the patients was used for Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of queueing by the number of the patients per day, for the cases of one, two or three hyperbaric chambers assumed to be available per hospital. Incidence of the carbon monoxide poisoning also has strong seasonal variation, because of the four distinctive seasons in Korea. So the number of the patients per day could not be assumed to be distributed according to the Poisson distribution. Testing the fitness of various distributions of rare event, it turned out to be that the daily distribution of the carbon monoxide poisoning fits well to the Polya-Eggenberger distribution. With this model, we could forecast the number of the poisonings per day by the size of the coal-briquette using population. By combining the probability of queueing by the number of patients per day, and the probability of the number of patients per day in a year, we can estimate the number of the queued patients and the number of the patients in a year by the number of hyperbaric chamber per hospital and by the size of coal briquette-using population. Setting 5 per cent as the annual queueing rate, the required number of hyperbaric chambers was calculated for each province and for the whole country, in the cases of 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of the treatment rate which stand for the rate of the patients treated by hyperbaric chamber among the patients who are to be treated. Findings of the study were as follows. 1. Probability of the number of patients per day follows Polya-Eggenberger distribution. $$P(X=\gamma)=\frac{\Pi\limits_{k=1}^\gamma[m+(K-1)\times10.86]}{\gamma!}\times11.86^{-{(\frac{m}{10.86}+\gamma)}}$$ when$${\gamma}=1,2,...,n$$$$P(X=0)=11.86^{-(m/10.86)}$$ when $${\gamma}=0$$ Hourly arrival pattern of the patients turned out to be bimodal, the large peak was observed in $7 : 00{\sim}8 : 00$ a.m., and the small peak in $11 : 00{\sim}12 : 00$ p.m. 2. In the cases of only one or two hyperbaric chambers installed per hospital, the annual queueing rate will be at the level of more than 5 per cent. Only in case of three chambers, however, the rate will reach 5 per cent when the average number of the patients per day is 0.481. 3. According to the results above, a hospital equipped with three hyperbaric chambers will be able to serve 166,485, 83,242, 55,495 and 41,620 of population, when the treatmet rate are 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent. 4. The required number of hyperbaric chambers are estimated at 483, 963, 1,441 and 1,923 when the treatment rate are taken as 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent. Therefore, the shortage are respectively turned out to be 312, 791. 1,270 and 1,752. The author believes that the methodology developed in this study will also be applicable to the problems of resource allocation for the other kinds of the emergency medical facilities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.163-192
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• 1983

In order to facilitate the Korean government's efforts in integrating family planning and maternal & child health at the primary health care level (or township level), the Soon Chun Hyang College of Medicine, with the financial and technical assistance of WHO, has under-taken a service research project. The project has employed a quasi-experimental study design introducing interventions tat provide crucial factors lacking in the ongoing government programs such as midwives and qualified referral physicians. The study is being conducted in three locations, one control area and two study areas. Before introducing trained Nurse/Midewives into the study areas, a baseline prevalence survey was undertaken from 15 July 1981 to 10 August 1981 in selelcted townships of Seosan County. In this sample survey of bath the study and control areas, 2,484 eligible women (97% reponse rate) were interviewed to obtain benchmark data on basic evaluation indicators related to family planning and maternal and child health. The salients results were summarized as follows.: 1. CONTACT RATES WITH HEALTH WORKERS; During the year preceding the survey, 12% of women were visited by government health workers. The primary reason for such visits by health workers was family planning (45% of the visits). About 34% of the women visited the health centers during the year. The primary reason for visiting health centers was immunizations for their children (45% of the visits). 3. FAMILY PLANNING USE RATE; The baseline data showed little difference between women in the study area and the control area on contraceptive use. Approximately 59% were currently using some methods. However, among those current users, almost half were practicing less effective methods of birth control such as rhythm or withdrawal. Among other methods, the tubectomy was the most popular (16%), while use of the IUD, oral pill and condom together reached only 14%. 3. PRENATAL CARE RATE; About 75% of the women reported no prenatal care for their last births (the youngest child of each women), Additionally, among women received prenatal care, over half had only one visit. 4. ATTENDANCE AT DELIVERY; Most of the women surveyed (over 80%) were attended by a non-medical person during their last delivery. These figures are somewhat comparable to the national figure of 84% for remote areas. 5. POSTNATAL CARE; The proportion of women reporting postnatal care was only 4.5%, and postnatal care was not received by the majority of women surveyed. 6. CHILD HEALTH CARE: In contrast to the low rate of maternity care for women themselves, most women reported obtaining immunization care for their children. About 75% of the women obtained Polio and/or DPT, 58% BCG, and 44% Measles vaccine for their children. However, in terms of illness care, while 35% of the women stated that their youngest child had been sick during the month preceding the survey, only 28% of these women took their child to the clinic for treatment. 7. COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY AND ABNORMALITIES IN THE NEWBORN; Among all last deliveries, 18% of the women had pregnancy complications and 9% of the women had complications during delivery About 5% of the women reported abnormality in their most recent newborn. 8. REPRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; PERINATAL MORTALITY AND INFANT MORTALITY Based on data from the pregnancy history in this survey, reproduction efficiency was estimated. Out of the 11,154 pregnancies reported by all women surveyed, foetal loss was 21% (almost 16% were induced abortions) and infant deaths before reaching one year old were 3.1%. The reproduction efficiency was, therefore, reduced to 76%. In terms of perinatal and infant mortality rates, the former was 40.2 per 1,000 total births and the latter was 39.3 per 1,000 live births. Both rates described J shaped relationships with age of mothers and parity, and they were also correlated with birth interval and mother's education. In summary, this baseline survey data indicated a need for (1) improving contraceptive practices with more effective methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies and (2) providing better services for maternal and child care to protect wanted pregancies. In the Korean rural setting. the author believes that the latter is more important as the value of each child has increased as a result of the family planning campaign for the past two decades. This calls for more effective integration of Family Planning and MCH programmes to meet the needs of the family in each stage of the child bearing and rearing period with deploying more qualified personnel than the current government program personnel.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.733-746
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• 1996

연 업종별 보건관리 대행기관에 의해 근로자의 보건 관리를 하고 있는 5개 연 축전지 회사의 전체 근로자들 중 1995년에 일반 건강진단 및 특수 건강진단을 동시에 시행한 전체 1,919명의 근로자 중에서 C(건강관리 상 계속 관찰이 필요한자)와 D(유소견자)의 판정을 받은 365명의 근로자들을 대상으로 하여 이들 중 퇴직자 35명, 조사 기간중 출장, 휴직 및 야간 근무자 8명, 그리고 조사에 응하지 않은 근로자 29명 등 총 72명을 제외한 293명을 대상으로 설문 및 1995년도 일반 및 특수 건강진단 결과표를 통하여 건강진단 결과에 따른 사후관리 조치실태 및 관련 요인들을 조사하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 요주의자 이상근로자의 86%가 건강진단결과표를 받았으나 이에 대한 교육설명이 제대로 이루어지지 않았고, 자신의 건강진단 결과를 잘 알고 있지 못하였다. 2. 사후관리 조치가 있었던 근로자는 23%로 낮았으며, 사후관리조치의 내용은 단순한 추적관찰이 가장 많았다. 3. 조사대상 근로자들은 현재의 건강진단은 필요하지만 형식적이라고 하였다. 4.사후관리 조치의 유무를 피설명변수로 한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 유의한 설명 변수는 건강진단 결과에 대한 설명의 유무뿐이었다.

• 한국호스피스완화의료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 하계학술대회
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• pp.100-102
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• 2004

Under the current medical system, a terminal patient and his/her family who are neglected inevitably face various aspects of crises including not only physical, but also psychological, social, economic, spiritual and legal problems. Nurses often look after many terminal patents with these types of complicated problems. Therefore, educating the nurses who will take care of such patents would greatly reduce stress so the patents end could their lives in peace and without losing their dignity. This research is a quasi experimental study of nonequivalent control group. A pretest-posttest design where a basic education program is developed for nurses, who frequently treat terminal patents, to understand the importance of the role of hospice and to apply their understandings to treat terminal lancer patents. A sample of the nurses were taken from those who were working in general wards at two general hospitals in Seoul during October, 2003${\sim}$December 2003. The study was composed of 46 experimental group and 43 control group. A basic hospice education program was developed by taking emphasized and overlapping parts from advanced practice hospice nurses education course, short-term education course, an extensive literature survey and by consulting three professionals as well. With the group of 5 professors with vast experiences in oncolgy, 5 nursing administrator, 3 nursing practitioner, the tentative first version of the program was developed and reviewed. Afterwards, by utilizing person to person interviews with 2 head nurses experienced with terminal patients, 1 nurse in charge of hospice, 1 nurse on the contents of the program, and a person to person rating on the educating medium by a nurse were performed. The final version of a basic education program was developed after the second revision. The hospice basic education program consists of introduction to hospice, hospice and commucation, management of pain for terminal cancer patients, physical management for terminal cancer patients, socio-psycological caring of terminal cancer patients and management of death and separation. Total education time was four hours organized into 50 minutes of instruction and 10 minutes of break. $Powerpoint^{(R)}$ software was used as the education medium. As research tools, "Knowledge on Hospice" was developed by the author after receiving a review from one expert. "Attitude of Hospice Nursing" was revised Kim(2001)'s attitude measuring tool which was based on Wang(1998), Kwon(1989), Park and Sung(1991)'s tool. "Liability on nursing terminal patients" was used as developed by Zarits(1980) and Mongomory(1985) translated by Lee(1985). For collecting data, preliminary investigation prior to 1 week of the hospice basic education program and post-investigations after 1 week and 4 weeks of the education were carried out for the nurses at a general ward who understood and agreed on the purpose of the program. Collected data were analyzed throughout t-test, $x^2-test$, Manova test and Bonferroni correction in $SAS^{(R)}$ program. The summary of the investigation is as follows: Hypothesis 1: "Educated experimental group would possess more knowledge on hospice compared to the un-educated control group" was supported after 1 (F=12.14, p=.00) and 4 (F=5.3, p=.02) weeks of education. Hypothesis 2: "Educated experimental group would take a positive attitude toward hospice nursing compared to the un-educated control group" was supported after 1(F=3.92, p=.05) and 4(F=5.05, p=.02) weeks of education. Hypothesis 3: "Educated experimental poop would feel less liability compared to the un-educated control group in nursing terminal cancer patients' was rejected. In this study, it was found that knowledge on hospice was significantly important. By applying hospice basic education programs to nurses, the education program helped nurses to take a positive attitude toward terminal patients. It was, however, seen that the education program had no effect on alleviating liability in nursing terminal patients. Therefore, it is expected that this educational program would help hospices and nurses at general wards to understand the concept and the role of hospice so that terminal patents, now neglected under current medical system, would be able to end their lives in peace.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1994

Purse seiner detects a fish school navigating in full speed with the aid of fish finder, sonar, helicopter, etc., and casts a net quickly to enclose the fish school in purse seine net according to the movement of the fish school, wind, and current. At this moment, if the time of casting a net, direction, speed, and turning circle are net suitable, it is unavoidable to lose fish school founded with hard efforts and we only consume our efforts of casting and hauling the net. Therefore, in order to enclose the fish school to enhance the amount of fish for each casting, the author investigated the type of ships equipped with purse seiners and examined maneuvering tests so that we provide some basic information to figure out the ability of steerage correctly. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Block coefficients of pelagic tuna purse seiners with gross tonnage between 500 and 1500 tons are recorded between 0.50 and 0.55 which are greater than those of off shore purse seiners recorded as between 0.44 and 0.54 and less than those of various cargo ships recorded as between 0.56 and 0.84. 2. L/B, L/D, B/D, B/T, and T/D of the class of gross tonnage between 75 and 130 tons are respectively 4.49, 11.00, 2.45, 2.85 and 0.86 as their average and those of the class of between 500 and 1500 tons are 4.89, 10.53, 2.15, 2.73 and 0.75 respectively, which are quite different from those of various cargo ships recorded as 6.0~7.5, 11.0~12.0, 1.6~2.0, 2.2~2.8 and 0.65~0.75 respectively. 3. Rudder area ratio of purse seiners of the class of between 75 and 130 tons is 1/24~1/31 and that of the clase of between 500 and 1500 tons is 1/36~1/42 which is greater than that of various cargo ships recorded as 1.45~1.75. 4. On speed-length ratio of purse seiners. 111 Dong-a has the biggest value 2.94 the class of 130 tons has 2.52 the class of between 75 and 100 tons has 2.30~2.35 and the class of between 500 and 1500 tons has 1.99~2.05. 5. Turning circle of stern trawlers Pusan 404 and Haelim 3 are measured as below according to rudder angles 5$^{\circ}$, 15$^{\circ}$, 25$^{\circ}$ and 35$^{\circ}$ respectively. Advances are 11.3~13.6, 6.0~7.1, 3.6~4.8 and 2.5~3.5 times of LPP respectively. Tactial diameters are 15.2~18.6, 6.9~8.0, 4.2~4.9 and 2.9~3.5 times of LPP. Purse seiner 111 Dong-a with rudder angle 35$^{\circ}$ has a good yaw with quick responsibility since its advance is 2.2~2.3 times of LPP and since its tactial diameter is 2.0~2.1 times of LPP. 6. In full ahead going of purse seiner 111 Dong-a, it takes about 2 minutes and 10.6 times of LPP from the reverse turning its engine into full astern to the ship speed 0. In its full astern going, it takes about 1 minute and 5.1 times of LPP from the reverse turning its engine into full ahead to the ship speed 0. In its full ahead going, it takes about 2 minutes and 50 seconds and 12.3 times of LPP from stopping its engine to the dead slow ahead speed 3.2 knots.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.809-830
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 수학, 과학교사들이 영재교육을 어떻게 이해하고 인식하는지를 탐색하고, 시교육청 영재교육원과 과학고 영재교육원의 교사 집단별, 과목별로 영재교육에 대한 인식의 차이가 있는지를 알아내는데 목적을 둔다. 본 연구의 대상은 부산광역시에 소재하고 있는 시교육청 영재교육원과 과학고 영재교육원 수학, 과학교사들이었으며, 총 62명의 수학, 과학교사의 설문 응답지를 분석하였다. 시교육청 영재교육원 교사집단은 '영재교육이 매우 필요하다'에 대하여 41.0%의 응답률을 보인 반면에, 과학고 영재교육원 교사집단은 8.7%의 응답률을 보였다. 전체 교사의 54.8%가 자신이 가르치는 영재학생이 영재성을 보인다고 하였으며, 수학영재 선발의 타당한 도구는 창의력 문제해결력 검사, 과학영재 선발의 타당한 도구는 과학 교사의 지속적 관찰 결과물에 가장 높은 응답률을 보였으며, 수학영재 선발 시는 수학과목이, 과학영재 선발 시는 과학과 수학과목이 고려해야 할 가장 중요한 과목이라고 하였다. 강의식 수업이 51.6%로 가장 많이 사용하는 영재 수업의 교수-학습 형태라고 응답하였으며, 영재교육의 적임자로 정규 과학영재학교 재직교사를, 적합한 영재교육기관으로 정규 과학영재학교에 각각 38.7%, 53.2%의 가장 높은 응답률을 보였다. 과학고의 영재교육원 운영에 대하여 전체적으로 46.7%가 필요하다고 응답하였으며, 영재교육원의 수학, 과학 분리 운영에 대하여 전체적으로 46.7%가 운영의 분리가 필요하다고 하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1974

서울시내 아파트중에서 경제적인 수준을 볼 때 상(上), 중상(中上), 중(中), 하(下)의 계등별 특색이 나타날 수 있는 한강 멘숀아파트, KIST 아파트, 문화촌 아파트, 북아현 시민아파트 주민의 일반적인 식새활 현황및 영양과 식품 섭취 실태 조사결과는 다음과 같다. A. 조사대상자(調査對象者)의 일반환경(一般環境) 세대주의 학력이 제일 높은 KIST 아파트가 한강 멘숀 아파트보다 식생활비는 오히려 적은 펀이었으나 가족영양 및 기타 영양문제를 항상 고려하고 계획성 있는 식생활을 하는 경향이었다. 고기류, 생선류의 섭취 빈도는 한강멘숀, KIST, 문화촌 아파트는 하루에 한번 섭취하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 조리할 때 조미료나 식품의 양은 대부분 눈짐작으로 하지만, 계량컵, 제량스픈, 저울을 사용하는 경우는 KIST 아파트가 제일 많은 편이었고 식사할 때 개인접시 및 napkin의 사용은 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트에서 많은 편이었다. 먹고 남은 음식은 조금 남은 것은 버리는 경우가 대부분이고 냉장고에 식품을 보관할 때는 대개 뚜껑을 덮거나 싸서 넣는 경우가 많았다. B. 영양섭취실태(營養攝取實態) 1인(人) 1일(日) 열량 섭취량은 한강멘숀, KIST, 문화촌, 시민아파트 순으로 경제적인 생활수준과 거의 비슷한 경향을 보여 주었으나 총열량 섭취량중 탄수화물, 지방, 담백질의 비율은 이상 권장량인 탄수화물 65%, 지방 20%, 만백질 15%에 거의 비슷한 경향으로 나타났다. 대체적으로 단백질, Fe, Vit. A, Niacin의 의섭취량은 권장량 이상을 취하고 있으나 Ca, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vit. C의 섭취량은 권장량에 미달되는 경향이 있었다. C. 식품섭취실태(食品攝取實態) 1인(人) 1일(日) 섭취하는 식품의 양은 북아현 시민아파트가 가장 많고 한강 멘숀아파트가 가장 적게 나타나 경제적인 생활수준 혹은 총 Calorie 섭취량과는 반대되는 경향을 나타내었다. 식품 총 섭취량에 대한 각 식품군의 섭취 비율을 보면 어느 아파트나 곡류의 섭취율이 $45{\sim}50%$로서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 그외의 식품군 중에는 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트는 육류의 성취율이 가장 높았고 문화촌과 북아현 시민아파트는 김치류의 섭취율이 가장 높았다. 채소류와 과일류의 섭취율은 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트가 높은 반면 저류의 섭취율은 한강 멘숀아파트가 가장 낮았다. 단백질 급원으로서 한강멘숀과 KIST 아파트는 주로 육류를, 문화촌 아파트에서는 곡류와 생선류를 그리고 북아현 시민 아파트에서는 주로 두류를 많이 섭취하는것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

고려 중기 무신인 기홍수의 저택 퇴식재 경관을 읊은 시문 10여편이 수록된 '동국이상국집'을 분석, 고찰하여 당시 상류계층이 향유했던 원유 및 조경 문화적 특징을 추적한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '퇴식재'의 가주(家主)기홍수와 "퇴식재팔영"의 제영자 이규보는 8개의 경물(景物)(팔영(八詠))을 명명하여 <팔영 또는 팔경문화>의 대중적 향유개념을 사적 향유개념으로 재생산시킨 우리나라 최초의 인물로 평가된다. 둘째, 퇴식재 원유의 공간구성 체계는 산경지소(仙境之所)를 구축하여 소요유(逍遙遊)를 즐기고, 미래를 희원하며 생성-풍요-초월-회귀로 나아가는 기승전결의 경관짜임을 추적할 수 있다. 셋째, 원경(元景)(퇴식재), 동경(洞景)(영천동), 청경(淸景)(척서정), 명경(明景)(독락원), 진경(眞景)(연묵당), 시경(始景)(연의지), 영경(靈景)(녹균헌), 현경(玄景)(대호석)의 경물구성 체계는 팔채지경색(八采之景色)의 상징적 우주관이 함축되어 있으며, 건물(동(棟))과 뜰(정(庭))이 교차하며 음양의 접합과 같은 상화(相和)원리가 추출된다. 넷째, 원유에는 재(齋), 당(堂), 간(軒), 정(亭)이 도입되었고, 기화이목과 진금기수, 가산(假山)과 괴석 등 수목석(水木石) 및 동물 요소가 다채롭게 활용되고 있다. 다섯째, 퇴식재 원유에서는 신선지경(神仙之境)을 경영하며 유상곡수연회를 즐기고, 수심양성을 사유하며 소요유를 즐기는 '유(遊)와 식(息), 그리고 악(樂)'의 풍류미학을 발견하게 된다. 여섯째, 원유에는 부시(俯視)경관을 즐길 수 있는 축경형 정원을 조성하였고, 원경(遠景)을 차경하며, 은유지소(隱流之所)를 경영함은 물론 이상향을 추구하는 심상경관(心象景觀)의 향유 양상이 표출된다.