• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship of probing attachment levels, radiographic measurements and surgical measurements according to gingival inflammatory condition. Patients with incipient to moderate periodontitis were selected. Upper and lower premolar and molar teeth excluding third molars were measured. At first visit, gingival index and bleeding on probing were taken, and subjects were grouped into 4 categories as follows : Experimental group I : gingival index 1 and no bleeding on probing. Experimental group II : gingival index 2 and no bleeding on probing absent. Experimental group III : gingival index 1 and bleeding on probing present. Experimental group IV : gingival index 2 and bleeding on probing present. Probing attachment levels were measured with manual probe on mesial and distal surfaces from cementoenamel junctions to terminal ends of probe. Radiographic measurements were made to assess bone loss by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest. After thorough scating, a flap was raised exposing the alveolar bone and surgical measurements were made from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone. The results were as follows: 1. Differences between probing attachment level and radiographic measurements showed $1.01{\pm}0.73mm$ for experimental group I, $0.98{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group II, $0.59{\pm}0.66mm$ for experimental group III, $0.98{\pm}0.38mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 2. Differences between probing attachment level and surgical measurements showed $1.36{\pm}0.80mm$ for experimental group I, $1.47{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $1.06{\pm}0.39mm$ for experimental group III, $1.41{\pm}0.40mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 3. Differences between surgical and radiographic measurements showed $0.36{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group I, $0.51{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $0.57{\pm}0.72mm$ for experimental group III, $0.41{\pm}0.49mm$ for experimental group IV and with significant difference between experimental group I and experimental group II, III, IV(P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.475-482
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• 2018

This study analyzed whether differences in individual characteristics and parental attachment affect the career maturity of middle school students in grades 1-3 in Asan, South Korea. Individual characteristics included gender, grade, grades, parental education, and economic level, while parental attachment included mutual trust, alienation, and communication. Career maturity included determinism, objectivity, readiness, independence, and assurance. Results showed there were significant differences in gender, grades, and economic level. Only gender differences affected attachment to mothers, with female students exhibiting stronger effects than male students. Grades that both the father and the mother showed differences. The economic level differed only in father's attachment. The effects of parental attachment on career maturity were found to be higher in career maturity with lower father's alienation and higher mother's mutual trust. Career maturity did not affect the assurance variable. Mother's communication affected determinism and mutual trust affected objectivity. Father's mutual trust and mother's communication affected readiness, and father's alienation showed a negative relationship. Mother's mutual trust positively affected independence. These results may be a valuable reference for understanding the behavioral psychology of adolescents and their parents. However, there is a limit to the generalizability of this study.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-79
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• 2010

This study is based on recent advances in celebrity traits and self-determination researches to address how consumers develop the strong attachment to a "star brand," and the effect of consumer's attachment to star brand on evaluation of product brand sponsored by the star. We use the consumers' need satisfaction and star traits as major causal factors that influence consumer's attachment to a star brand. Specifically this article uses autonomy need, relatedness need, competence need as the dimensions of need satisfaction and expertness, trustworthiness, likeability, and similarity as the key star traits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of these factors on the consumer's attachment to star brand and how consumer's evaluation of product brand sponsored by star is moderated by the fitness level of between the image of star brand and the image of sponsored product brand. To collect the data, survey was taken in a University located in Incheon. Collected data are analysed using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The results show that when the star brand is perceived as more trustworthy and likeable, and satisfies autonomy need and relatedness need, the consumer is more likely to become strongly attached to him or her. The hypothesis that consumer's attachment to star brand will have the positive influence on the evaluation of product brand sponsored by star is supported. And hypothesis that consumer's attitude to a sponsored product brand is moderated by the fitness level of between the image of star brand and the image of sponsored product brand is also supported. The empirical results imply that star brand to which consumers are attached may have the significant positive impact on the consumers' evaluation process of endorsed product brand and purchase behavior, and that marketers should consider need dimensions which target consumers want to satisfy and the fitness level of between the image of star brand being considered as endorser and the image of product brand.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2011

Purpose: Pathologic tooth migration (PTM) is a tooth displacement which is derived from imbalance of tooth retention force and is dominantly found out in maxillary anterior area. PTM in maxillary anterior area was tried to corrected with periodontal treatment and a clear aligner in this study and the result was evaluated clinically and radiographically. Methods: For the treatment of a patient with chronic periodontal disease accompanied by maxillary anterior pathologic tooth migration, clear aligner was applied to move teeth after a series of case-related periodontal therapy. Clinically, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level and mobility were measured pre- and post-treatment, and radiographic examination was performed as well. Results: Clinically, we found the decrease of the probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level and mobility. And we could also acknowledge the reduction of vertical and horizontal dimension on infrabony defect radiographically. However, it is still controversial if there was an actual bone filling. Conclusions: Clear aligner is an effective appliance to move teeth since it costs little in terms of expense and time. In addition, it wraps whole crowns, providing advantages to deal with crowding, spacing, and size of arch. In short, clear aligner could be a useful treatment option for PTM patient, since it provides decreased probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, mobility and esthetical restoration.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 1996

This study examined the relationship between kindergarten children's maternal attachment and their social competence. A total of 76 kindergarteners and their mothers were observed and videotaped in a strange situation. The modified ISCS(Iowa Social Competency Scales: Preschool Form) was administered to 76 mothers to assess their children's social competence. The data were analyzed by percentiles, Pearson's correlations, and t-test. The results showed a significant correlations between children's social competence and attachment to their mothers. Significant sex and sibling status differences in attachment were found. Social competence differed by demographic variables of sex, sibling status, and level of father's education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2002

This research delineated variables of maternal influences on children's social competence. The sample consisted of 287 pairs of 5th/6th grade students, their mothers, and 8 classroom teachers in Gwangju City. Analysis included factors of mother's adult attachment, marriage adjustment, affection in child-rearing, level of education and income. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that affectionate child-rearing is the most significant factor contributing to child's social competence, followed by mother's education, close attachment, income, and anxiety attachment, in that order. These maternal variables accounted for 18% of the child's social competence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

This study aims to examine the relationship between mothers' attachment levels, types of verbal control, and infants' language development. The selected participants comprised 224 infants, aged 24-35 months and their mothers (224) at 25 long day care centers located Goyang-si, Gimpo-si in Gyeonggi-do, Incheon and Seoul. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences in mothers' attachment levels, types of verbal control, and infants' language development depending on the mothers' employment status. Secondly, to assess the relative influences of two variables which were significantly associated with infants' language development, the sociodemographic variables of mothers and infants, including infants' age and mothers' employment status, were controlled in order to conduct hierarchical regression analysis. The results revealed that imperative-oriented verbal controls, person-oriented verbal controls, and contact seeking all influenced infants' overall language development.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of attachment across an individual's lifespan. The present study explored how mother attachment in childhood influences adult student's major satisfaction and examined the mediating effect of self-esteem between mother attachment and major satisfaction. Participants were 529 adult students enrolled in S Cyber University. They answered a questionnaire about their present self-esteem level, attachment to their mother in childhood, and major satisfaction. By using SEM analysis, this study found that adult students' self-esteem completely mediated between their childhood attachment to their mother and their major satisfaction in adulthood. This result indicates influences of a secure attachment and positive self-esteem on major satisfaction of e-learning adult students.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

Smartphones, now a necessity for modern people, have become more than just an appliance, but an object of obsession for many. This has resulted in smartphone addiction in many modern people. However, the phenomenon of object addiction can lie beyond the problem of the object itself, varying according to the psychological characteristics of the subjects who use it. For this reason, this study aimed to examine adult attachment and covert narcissism as factors influencing smartphone addiction in college students. In order to do this subjects' level of smartphone addiction, adult attachment and covert narcissism needed to be measured on a scale of smartphone addiction, adult attachment and covert narcissism. Regression analysis was conducted with smartphone addiction set as the dependent variable and adult attachment and covert narcissism as independent variables. As a result, we observed anxiety attachment related to adult attachment and hypersensitivity/weakness of covert narcissism played roles in smartphone addiction. These findings suggest that in order to understand smartphone addiction in college students, it is important to know the psychological characteristics of our subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1276-1281
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• 2013

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of methylcellulose on the attachment of major cellulolytic bacteria on rice straw and its digestibility. Rice straw was incubated with ruminal mixture with or without 0.1% methylcellulose (MC). The attachment of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus populations on rice straw was measured using real-time PCR with specific primer sets. Methylcellulose at the level of 0.1% decreased the attachment of all three major cellulolytic bacteria. In particular, MC treatment reduced (p<0.05) attachment of F. succinogenes on rice straw after 10 min of incubation while a significant reduction (p<0.05) in attachment was not observed until 4 h incubation in the case of R. flavefaciens and R. albus. This result indicated F. succinogenes responded to MC more sensitively and earlier than R. flavefaciens and R. albus. Dry matter digestibility of rice straw was subsequently inhibited by 0.1% MC, and there was a significant difference between control and MC treatment (p<0.05). Incubated cultures containing MC had higher pH and lower gas production than controls. Current data clearly indicated that the attachment of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus on rice straw was inhibited by MC, which apparently reduced rice straw digestion.